• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2008

Purpose : This study examined the occurrence of oxygen desaturation events during nutritive sucking in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and its effects on feeding and growth outcomes until 4 months of corrected age (CA). Methods : Thirty-four premature infants with BPD free from major cardiac, gastrointestinal, respiratory anomalies were included. By reviewing medical records, clinical characteristics, feeding conditions at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA), we focused on oxygen desaturation, and short-term outcomes in 14 infants with no or mild desaturation (group A) and in 20 infants with moderate or severe desaturation (group B). Results : Group B had lower birth weight and shorter gestational age at birth, longer duration of hospitalization, was discharged at higher weeks of PMA, and needed ventilatory assist and oxygen supplementation longer than group A (P<0.05). Group B started nutritive sucking later, with a greater decrease in $SpO_2$ during sucking, being more indicative of feeding problems at 40 weeks of PMA, but not at 4 months of CA. Percent of infant needing oxygen supplementation and percent of infants with growth failure were not different between groups at 40 weeks of PMA and 4 months of CA. Body weight and growth velocity differences noted at 40 weeks of PMA became insignificant at 4 months of CA. Conclusion : The severity of desaturation during nutritive sucking in premature infants with BPD influenced the infant's feeding and growth at 40 weeks of PMA. However, it disappeared at 4 months of CA.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 1999

We conducted this study to find the optimal correction factor(${\alpha}$) of Lassen's linearization algorithm which has been applied for correction of flow-limited uptake at a high flow range in $^{99m}Tc$ d,l-hexamethylpropy leneamine oxime(HMPAO) and $^{99m}Tc$ ethyl cysteinate dimer(ECD). Ten patients with chronic cerebral infarction were involved in this study. We obtained the corrected $^{99m}Tc$ HMPAO and $^{99m}Tc$-ECD brain SPECT(single photon emission computed tomography) using the algorithm with ${\alpha}$ values that varied from 0.1 to 10 and compared the results with regional cerebral blood flow determined by positron emission tomography (PET-rCBF). The multi-modal volume registration by maximization of mutual information was used for matching between PET-rCBF and SPECT images. The highest correlation coefficient between $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO and $^{99m}Tc$-ECD brain uptake and PET-rCBF was revealed at ${\alpha}$ 1.4 and 2.1, respectively. We concluded that the ${\alpha}$ values of Lassen's linearization algorithm for $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO and $^{99m}Tc$-ECD brain SPECT images were 1.4 and 2.1, respectively to indicate cerebral blood flow with comparison of PET-rCBF.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.345-354
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to make public oral health plan more effective and the improvement of the hospital management system for better clinical dental practice. Distribution and trends were examined in all patients who had been examined and diagnosed at Department of Pedodontics, Dental Hospital, Chosun University over 10 year-period from 1990 to 1999 Results were as follows, 1. The number of patients per year was increasing trend after 1996 and higher visiting rate in male(55.9%) than in female(44.1%). 2. Age distribution had shown $3\sim4$ year-old cup being the largest (23.4%) and each percentage of $5\sim6,\;7\sim8,\;0\sim2,\;9\sim10,\;11\sim12,\;13\sim14,\;above\sim15$ year-old group was 19.9%, 17.7%, 14.6%, 12.6%, 8.0%, 3.3%. 0.5%. 3. Geographic distribution showed a majority of patients in Kwang-Ju (83.0%). Group in the suburbs of Kwang-Ju(Jang-Sung group) was 5.4%. 4. Dental caries showed the highest percentage(40.5%) in chief complaints and percentage of oral exam, orthodontic problem, oral pain, trauma, supernumerary teeth, swelling was 13.9% 12.6%, 8.8%, 7.4%, 5.5%, 4.9%. 5. In all patients with traumatic problem, crown fracture showed the highest percentage(41.4%) and percentage of subluxation was 19.4%. 6. Majority(78.7%) of patients were not refered, and percentage of patients refered from local clinic was 20.5%. 7. Patients who had periodic check-up comprised 19.6%, and percentage of after 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24month was 36.7%, 22.2%, 13.5%, 11.3%, 5.4%, 11.0%.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.411-421
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• 2006

In children, during developing occlusion stage, many studies confirm a high prevalence of gingival inflammation. Prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of gingival and periodontal disease is important because by establishing excellent oral hygiene habits in children, the risk of periodontal disease can be on the decrease in adulthood. This study evaluated the gingival conditions of 50 children$(8.5{\pm}3.1years)$ and 20 $adults(26.1{\pm}3.3 years)$ receiving clinical examination and GCF test at the pediatric dentistry of Chonbuk national university hospital in Jeonju, Korea. I estimated children's and adult's gingival states by measuring gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) using Periopaper and $Periotron^{(R)}$ 8000, gingival index, plaque index, DMFT scale. The results were as follows : 1. There are no statistical differences of GCF volume among the groups of the primary dentition, tooth erupting stage, complete eruption stage(p>0.1). But mean value of GCF is highest at the tooth erupting stage. 2. Comparing with adults, children have higher mean value of GCF volume with statistical differences (p<0.001). 3. There is statistically positive relationship between volume of GCF and gingival index (GI), plaque index(PLI) in both adults and children(GI; r=0.394, PLI ; r= 0.642). 4. There is no relationship between GCF volume and dental caries, composite resin treatments (p>0.05). But There is statistically positive relationship between GCF and orthodontic treatments(p<0.001) 5. Primary dentition has higher mean value of DMFT than permanent dentition(p<0.001). But there is no statistical relationship between GCF and DMFT (p>0.1).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 1994

Clinical study was carried out on the 64 hemodialysis patients(HD) with chronic renal failure who had been treated from December 1992 to July 1993 in Yeungnam University Hospital. The following results were obitained. In hematologic parameters, MCH was $28.8{\pm}2.0pg$, and MCV was $92.4{\pm}4.7fl$. Result revealed normochromic and normocytic anemia. Mean values of serum ferritin were $657.4{\pm}292.0ng/ml$ in men and $511.5{\pm}370g$ in women. Mean valuses of serum iron were $145.5{\pm}63.7{\mu}g/dl$. Mean values of transferrin saturation was $61.6{\pm}28.4%$. Serum frerritin, serum iron and transferrin saturation were higher in HD group than normal reference. In erythropoeitin treatment group, Hb and Hct were significantly higher than non-erythropoietin treatment group. Amount of transfusion was significantly higher in non-erythropoietin treatment group than erythropoeitin treatment group(p<0.05). Values of iron, transferrin saturation were significantly higher in abnormal liver function test(LFT) hemodialysis group than normal LFT group(p<0.05). Transfusion amounts revealed positive correlation with ferritin(r=0.4675), transferrin satruation (r=0.3823) and iron(r=0.3386)(p<0.05). In conclusion, erythropoietin treatment cna reduce requirement of blood transfusion and transfusion related side effects such as iron overload, hemosiderosis and hemochromatosis.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics of standard chrysanthemum 'Baekma', such as fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area and to develop prediction models for the production greenhouse based on the growth parameters and climatic elements. Sigmoid regressions models for the prediction of growth parameters in terms of dry weight and leaf area were analyzed according to the number of the day after transplanting and the accumulate temperature during this experimental period. The relative growth rate (RGR) of the chrysanthemum was 0.084 g·g^-1·d^-1 on average during the period.The dry weight and leaf area of 'Beakma' increased exponentially according to the number of day after transplanting and the accumulated temperature, in the case of dry weight increased by an average of 39.1% until 63 days (accumulated temperature of 1601℃), after that dry weight increased by an average of 7.4% before harvest. The leaf area increased by an average of 63.3% until the 28th day after transplanting, and by an average of 6.5% until the 84th day before flower bud differentiation occurred, and increased by an average of 10.6% before harvest. This experiment can be used as a useful data for establishing a cultivation management system and a planned year-round production system for standard chrysanthemum "Baekma". To make a more precise growth prediction model, it will need to be corrected and verified based on various weather data including accumulated irradiation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1555-1562
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• 2000

Objects : Surgical management of the distal anterior cerebral artery(DACA) aneurysms presents several unique problems to surgeons, such as difficulty in early identification of parent arteries, high incidence of rebleeding and premature rupture, and requirement of unfamiliar approach other than conventional frontotemporal craniotomy. Therefore, preoperative anatomical knowledge of anterior interhemispheric fissure and entry point of dissection is prerequisite. Authors utilized a frontobasal approach for DACA aneurysms by using consistent external landmark for guidance to the deep structure. Materials and Methods : From Nov. 1995 to Jun. 1999, a surgical clipping of DACA aneurysms was carried out in 9 patients among a total 131 patients with intracranial aneurysms. In each case, the clinical and aneurysmal features were carefully reviewed through the angiograms, medical records, and intraoperative findings. Results : The incidence of DACA aneurysms was 6.9% from our series. All cases were arisen from juxtacallosal por-tion ; 6 cases from pericallosal-callosomarginal(PC-CM) junction and 3 from pericallosal-frontopolar(PC-FP) junction. Associated vascular anomalies were noted in 3 cases and multiple aneurysms in 3 cases, respectively. The preoperative clinical grades were generally poor. An early surgery was performed in 7 cases and frontobasal interhemispheric approaches in 7 cases. Postoperatively, two patients died of complications ; one delayed ischemic vasospasm and one aspiration pneumonia but remaining patients recovered well. Conclusion : The frontobasal interhemispheric approach was useful for DACA aneurysms in early surgery. Division of superior sagittal sinus(SSS) enabled a minimal retraction of brain on both sides, and prevention of intraoperative rupture was possible. Authors suggest the frontopolar(first frontal bridging) vein as a constant external landmark for approaching the genu of the corpus callosum and juxtacallosal DACA aneurysms.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2017

Objective of this research was to investigate the influence of lowered substrate pH on the reduction of bicarbonate injury in the vegetative growth of 'Ssanta' strawberry. The acid substrate was formulated by mixing sphagnum peat moss with pine bark (5:5, v/v) and the pH, EC, and CEC of the substrate were 4.07, $0.46dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and $91.3cmol^+{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, respectively. To adjust the pH of acid substrate, various amount of dolomitic lime [$CaMg(CO_3)_2$] were incorporated with the rate of 0 (untreated), 1, 2, 3, and $4g{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Then, mother plants were transplanted and grown with fertilizer solution containing $240mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of the $HCO_3{^-}$ and equal concentrations of essential nutrients to Hoagland solution. In growth of 'Ssanta' strawberry, fresh weight of mother plants were the highest in the treatment of $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime such as 102.1 g followed by 94.7 g in $1g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 91.2 g in $3g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 75.7 g in $0g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and 72.3 g in $4g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatments. The dry weight showed a similar tendency to fresh weight. At 140 days after transplanting, 5.8, 9.8, 11.8, 8.8, and 5.0 daughter plants were derived from each of the mother plants in the treatments of 0, 1, 2, 3, and $4g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime, respectively. The highest occurrence of daughter plants were observed in the treatments $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime. The substrate pH and bicarbonate concentration of 'Ssanta' strawberry seedlings in the 1 and $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime treatments were maintained at a proper range such as 5.6 to 6.2. The micro-nutrient contents of above ground tissue in mother plants were the highest in $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and the lowest in $4g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ dolomitic lime treatment. The above results indicate that incorporation rate of dolomitic lime in acid substrate with the pH of around 4 is $2g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ to raise the 'Ssanta' strawberry in propagation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 1991

In order to reveal the mechanism of heavy metal behavior in soils relating to factors such as soil pH, organic matter, C.E.C. and soil minerals influencing the activities of heavy metals, Cd, Cu and Zn were applied to soil columns filled with 8 different soils with adjusted soil pH to several levels between 3.0 to 11.0 and the amounts of adsorption and desorption of these heavy metals were measured. 1. At the adsorption maxima of three heavy metals(Cd, Cu and Zn) soil pH appeared to be near 6.0 regardless of properties of the 8 soils, and adsorption gradually decreased above and below pH 6.0. This phenomenon was the same in both heavy metal solutions and mixed solutions, and the mixed solution, containing three heavy metals, revealed slightly higher amounts of Cu adsorption and Cd adsorption. 2. It was also found that the adsorption of Cu and Zn by soils was positively correlated with C.E.C. and the organic matter of soils, respectively. However, the pH values showing maxima of heavy metal adsorption were negatively correlated with organic matter content by contrast with the correlation between the maxima and the C.E.C. values in soils. 3. The adsorption of Cu by soils markedly increased more with $Ca(OH)_2$ application than with NaOH application for soil pH adjusment. This was probably because of Ca effects in Cu precipitation in soils, in addition to the effect of the simple soil pH itself on Cu adsorption 4. It was also revealed that adsorbed Cu was hardly desorbed by $N-NH_4OAC$ solution from the Daejeong soil series compared to the Jeonbug and Yechun soil series. This was because the Daejeong soil series consisted of large amounts of expanding type Vermiculite minerals and also was high in C.E.C. and soil organic matter.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.718-736
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• 2014

This study was intended to determine PCK of the middle school science teachers on Mendelian genetics and factors influenced to form their PCKs. Two science teachers with biology major with a teaching experience over 5 years were chosen as the subject. Data were collected by class observation, semi-structured interview, teacher questionnaire survey, Content Representation and Pedagogical and Professional-experience Repertoire. The collected data were analyzed based on Magnusson's PCK for science teaching consisting of five components: (a) the orientation toward teaching science, (b) the knowledge of science curriculum, (c) the knowledge of students' understanding, (d) the knowledge of assessment, and (e) the knowledge and belief in the instructional strategies to teach science. Teachers could have the orientation toward teaching science served as an assisting role to support students' abilities. Both subject teachers seemed to focus on giving lectures. Their efforts to improve students' exploration methods and abilities were not expressed enough in their real classes and they found that students struggled to understand Mendelian genetics. Therefore, they should have explained them in an easier way and worked harder to make their students understood accurately and applied basic and advanced concepts of Mendelian genetics. They found students' preconception and misconception regarding Mendelian genetics and wished to enhance their learning effects by various teaching strategies such as correcting misconception, adding the history of science and simply assessing students' affirmative domains. It was also found that factors influenced to form PCK regarding Mendelian genetics by both teachers were as follows: teacher's personality and endeavor, textbooks and guidance books, schools and their circumstances, teaching experience, experience as a learner, interaction with their colleagues, and university curriculum. Both teachers said that it was important for teachers to make every efforts to give better classes.