• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.19-23
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• 2010

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1292-1299
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• 2011

This research aimed to determine the quality characteristics of kochujang made of sword bean chunggukjang. The effects of chunggukjang addition were compared in products fermented for 90 days. During the fermentation period of kochujang, sword bean chunggukjang was added at 0, 2, 5, 8, and 10%. The moisture content ranged from 40.24 to 42.83% (w/w). After 90 days of fermentation, sodium chloride was at around 10.2 to 10.3%, which was not much different from that of control kochujang (SBC 0) before and after fermentation. The color values were not significantly different between SBC kochujang and traditional kochujang. The microbial counts in 0, 2, 5, 8, and 10% SBC kochujang fermented for 90 days were around $5.42{\times}10^7$ to $9.59{\times}10^7$ CFU/g for aerobic viable cells, $1.14{\times}10^2$ to $9.73{\times}10^2$ CFU/g for yeast, and $8.49{\times}10^2$ to $1.25{\times}10^3$ CFU/g for Bacillus cereus. Sensory evaluation of kochujang showed that the comprehensive preference was 5.40, 5.15, 6.30, 6.10, and 6.95, respectively, for SBC 0, 2, 5, 8, and 10%. In conclusion, the quality difference between SBC and traditional kochujang was not significant, and sensory evaluation of kochujang showed that SBC 10% received the highest score.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1570-1576
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• 1999

Quality characteristics of 3 kinds of kochujang were investigated during 6 months of fermentation in order to improve the quality of industrial kochujang to that of traditional one. Three different kinds of kochujang were prepared using Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae plus Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus licheniformis plus Saccharomyces rouxii. Kochujang prepared with all three microorganisms contained lesser amounts of free sugar than the other preparations and glucose was the most abundant free sugar found. Ethanol was the most abundant amount among alcohols in kochujang. Kochujang prepared with A. oryzae, B. licheniformis plus S. rouxii has more amino nitrogen content than that prepared with A. oryzae only. Capsaicin contents of kochujang decreased slightly in all three kochujang, but there was no significant differences. The results of sensory evaluation showed statistically significant difference among three samples and panel members preferred the taste and flavor of kochujang prepared with all three microorganisms to those of the other samples.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.54-78
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• 1995

• Ceramist
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.7-15
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• 2012

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.870-875
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• 2003

Physicochemical characteristics of Kochujang based on hot-air dried the red pepper powders with different treatments, were investigated during 90 days fermentation to obtain information for the industrial production of Kochujang. The pH was decreased gradually during fermentation, and pH of the control Kochujang was consistently higher than those of others. The total acidity was increased linearly during fermentation, and Kochujang with 0.1% vitamin C was consistently higher than others. Reducing sugar contents of Kochujang was increased until 75 days but was decreased slightly thereafter, showing highest value for the control sample. Amino nitrogen contents was increased gradually until 75 days, showing highest value for Kochujang with mash-dried red pepper powder, but it was decreased remarkably thereafter The L and a values of Kochujang were increased, whereas b value was decreased during fermentation. L, and b values of Kochujang with mash-dried red pepper powder were higher than those of others, showing the more light and deep color than others. Appearance, taste and overall acceptability of Kochujang based on mash-dried red pepper powder were higher than others.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2013

The out-of-plane and in-plane angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance field was measured in NiFe thin films fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The effective magnetization was obtained from the out-of-plane angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance field, which was well agreed with calculated one. The decrease of effective magnetization with NiFe thickness was due to the surface anisotropy constant of $K_s=-0.23\;erg/cm^2$. The in-plane uniaxial anisotropy fields were obtained from the in-plane angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance field. The easy axis of in-plane uniaxial anisotropy field was rotated to the reverse direction of applied magnetic field during sample fabrication, which was explained by the antiferromagnetic NiFeO layer at sample surface.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 1997

Monascus anka produces biologically active materials, and liquid M. anka koji was employed for preparing fermented hot pepper soybean paste (kochujang). Three kinds of koji (M. anka, Aspergillus oryzae and mixed koji) were used to prepare kochujang, and changes of physicochemical characteristics were examined during fermentation. A. oryzae koji showed the highest ${\alpha}-amylase$ and protease activities; whereas, M. anka koji showed the highest ${\beta}-amylase$ activity in liquid koji. Water content of kochujang continuously decreased, whereas viscosity increased during fermentation. The water content and viscosity was 46% and $1.4{\times}10^5\;cP$, respectively after 40 days of fermentation. The pH of kochujang with M. anka and/or A. oryzae koji was $4.63{\sim}4.65$ in the beginning and was between 4.53 and 4.67 after 40 days of fermentation. L-, a- and b-values decreased rapidly during fermentation until 20 days of fermentation. After 40 days, L- and b-values of kochujang prepared with M. anka koji showed lower values than A. oryzae, and a-value showed higher values as the amount of M. anka koji increased. Ammoniacle nitrogen content continuously increased during fermentation. Amino nitrogen content was the highest, 241.2 ㎎%, and ammoniacle nitrogen was the lowest, 97.2 ㎎%, in kochujang prepared with A. oryzae. However, amino and ammoniacle nitrogen content showed no difference between M. anka and A. oryzae koji kochujang. Kochujang prepared with M. anka koji showed a potential that kochujang can be manufactured lower level of red pepper than previously used.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.176.2-177
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• 2003

고추장 반제품은 산업화를 위한 공장산 고추장의 품질에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 숙성 중의 특성변화는 사용하는 재료, 배합비율, 제조방법, 숙성조건 등에 따라 그 품질에 영향을 미치게 된다. 고품질의 공장산 고추장을 생산하기 위하여 소비자의 기호성이 높으며, 다양한 생리적 기능성을 가지고 있는 국내산 매실엑기스를 0%(M0), 10%(M10), 20%(M20), 30%(M30)의 농도로 선첨하여 공장산 고추장 반제품을 제조한 후 숙성 중 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 초기수분함량은 52.2∼54.7%로 매실엑기스 함량이 많을수록 높으나 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 다소 감소하였다. 색도는 L(lightness)값이 39.4∼62.9로 매실엑기스 함량이 많을수록 낮은 수치를 나타내었으며 M0, M10, M20으로 갈수록 증가하나 M30은 완만히 감소하였고 a(redness)값은 -2∼4.9로 매실엑기스 함량이 많을수록 높은 수치를 보이며 증가하였으며, b(yellowness)값은 12.0∼l9.6으로 다소 증가하였으며 M10이 약간 높은 수치를 나타내고 M0의 증가폭이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 점도는 매실엑기스 함량이 많을수록 낮은 수치를 나타내었으며, 초기에 감소하다가 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 수분활성도는 매실엑기스 함량이 많을수록 높은 수치를 보였으며 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 감소하였다. 회분은 8.8∼l6%로서 M0, M10의 값이 감소하다가 증가하였으며 M0의 수치가 높고, M20은 초기 약간 증가하다가 감소하였으나 그 변화는 미미하고 M30은 증가하다가 완만히 감소하였다.