• Nuclear industry
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.29-44
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• 2016

1980~1990년대 OPR1000 기술 자립을 추진할 때도 그랬지만 한국은 원자력 기술 자립에 대한 도전이 선진국에 비해 늦었지만 과학기술자의 열정과 정부의 적극적인 지원으로 오늘날 원자력 선진국이 될 수 있었고, 원자력산업을 해외 수출 산업으로서 다양한 노력을 시도하고 있다. 특히 국내 가동 중인 원전은 외국과 차별되게 1기당 고장 정지율이 0.1건으로 외국 평균의 5.5건과 크게 대별된다. 또한 운전 신뢰성을 나타내는 발전소 가동률도 10% 이상 차로 월등히 높다. 한마디로 한국은 가장 원전의 기술 개발과 운영을 잘하고 있는 원전 선진국임을 자타가 인정하고 있다. 그러나 현재의 기술 수준에 머물면 미래 원전 기술에서는 다른 선진국 내지 중국, 인도 등 신흥국에 그 자리를 양보할 수밖에 없을 것이다. 미래 원자력이란 시대적 요건인 고유 안전성과 지속 가능성을 확보하고 경제성과 함께 핵확산 저항성이 전제되는 원자력 신기술로서 세계와의 경쟁 대상이다. 여기에 핵연료 자원의 유한성에 지속 가능성을 확보하기 위해서 우라늄 효율을 극대화하는 제4세대의 고속로 개발까지 우리나라는 선도적 위치로 가야 한다. 이 기술 개발 역시 출발은 늦었지만 적극적인 개발을 추진하고 있어 소듐고속로의 시현 원자로인 PGSFR을 2028년까지 완성하는 목표를 달성하면, 이를 근간으로 세계 선진국의 경쟁 대열에 나설 수 있다. 정부의 적극적인 지원이 선도적 위치에 갈 수 있는 지름길이다. 고속로 기술 개발과 관련하여 사용후핵연료(SF)의 국가 정책이 아직 확정되지 않아 재활용주기를 전제하고 있는 고속로 개발에 어려움을 주고 있다. 따라서 SF 부지를 2028년까지 확정하는 일정과 함께 국가 SF 정책이 조속히 확정되어야 한다.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.125-147
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• 2009

The Basic Environmental Policy Act (BEPA) (Law No. 4257 effective 1. August 1990) sets forth the basic policies and administrative framework for environmental preservation, leaving more detailed regulations, and emission controls to separate laws targeting air, water, and solid waste, etc. The BEPA Article 31 adopts an unprecedented strict liability standard for damages as an absolute liability. The BEPA Article 31 provides for liability as follows. If a company is alleged to have caused damage through pollution of the environment, it will be liable for damages unless it can show that the pollution did not cause damages, or that it did not actually cause pollution. If the company did cause pollution, and if the pollution is the cause for the damages in question, the company will be liable irrespective of whether it was negligent or otherwise at fault. If there are two or more companies involved in the pollution, but it is unclear which company caused the damages, all of the companies will be jointly and severally liable for the damages. In this paper, the author attempts to uncover the problems of BEPA Article 31 and then seeks desirable amendments by comparing it to the German Environmental Liability Act. First, it will be necessary to provide definitions of 'companies etc.'. Second, it will be necessary to enumerate the kinds of company facilities. Third, it will be necessary to provide exclusionary clauses on material damages. Fourth, it will be necessary to show 'presumption of cause and effect'. Fifth, it will be necessary to provide a clause on 'right to information'. Sixth, it will be necessary to provide a clause for force majeure. Seventh, it will be necessary to take measures to secure abundant liability for damages which can be caused by the owner of the facility, the potential polluter. Finally, it is appropriate that Korea now legislate an Environmental Liability Act akin to the German Environmental Liability Act.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.33
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• pp.197-228
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• 2012

The private security industry in Korea has rapidly proliferated. While the industry has grown quickly, though, private security officers have recently been implicated in incidents involving violence, demonstrating an urgent need for systematic reform and regulation of private security practices in Korea. Due to its quasi-public service character, the industry also risks losing the public's favor if it is not quickly disciplined and brought under legitimate government regulation: the industry needs professional standards for conduct and qualification for employment of security officers. This paper shares insights for the reform of the Korean private security industry through a study of the licensing and training requirements for private security businesses in the United States, mainly focusing on the Private Security Officer Employment Authorization Act (hereinafter the PSOEAA) and the California system. According to the PSOEAA, aspiring security officers shall submit to a criminal background check (a check of the applicants' criminal records). Applicants' criminal records should include not only felony convictions but also any other moral turpitude offenses (involving dishonesty, false statement, and information on pending cases). The PSOEAA also allows businesses to do background checks of their employees every twelve months, enabling the employers to make sure that their employees remain qualified for their security jobs during their employment. It also must be mentioned that the state of California, for effective management of its private security sector, has established a professional government authority, the Bureau of Security and Investigative Services, a tacit recognition that the private security industry needs to be thoroughly, professionally, and actively managed by a professional government authority. The American system provides a workable model for the Korean private security industry. First, this paper argues that the Korean private security industry should implement a more strict criminal background check system similar to that required by the PSOEAA. Second, it recommends that an independent professional government authority be established to oversee and enforce regulation of Korea's private security industry. Finally, this article suggests that education and training course be implemented to provide both diverse training as well as specialization and phasing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.829-834
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• 2005

현재 이동통신과 데이터서비스 수요의 급증과 정보통신기술의 발전으로 인한 정보격차 문제는 심화되고 있다. 고도 정보화 사회에서는 정보가 삶의 수준이나 질을 결정하는 중요요인이지만 정보격차의 문제를 시장 기능으로만 해결하기에 어려워 사회적 제도와 같은 체계적인 정책수립을 통한 해결이 필요하기에 기존의 보편적 서비스제도의 범위를 유선 음성 전화 이상으로 확대해야 할 필요성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 보편적 서비스제도의 범위를 이동통신 서비스까지로 확대하여 정보격차 해소, 사회복지, 균형적인 사회발전 등의 보편적 서비스제도의 의의를 맞춰가고 이에 보편적 서비스제도의 범위 확대가 법적으로 타당한가를 여러 상황을 고려하여 타당한 것인가를 살펴보았다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.479-493
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• 2020

Outbreak of COVID-19 originated from China resulted significantly high casualties and social and economic damages. Currently the major countries see importance of accurate prediction of originating trend to prevent the spread of infectious disease and AI is actively utilized when establishing the system. Therefore this study has comprehended the status of utilizing the AI in overseas and made comparison and analysis with domestic status. It derived the necessity to establish national control tower based on One Health to respond to infectious disease to effectively utilize AI and suggested to establish higher organization, Medical Big Data Governance, to respond to the infectious disease. It is necessary to conduct further study to utilize the results and suggestions derived from this study into the policy and if the suggestions are reflected to improve institutional imperfection, it will be positively used for prevention of the spreading infectious disease and utilizing medical Big Data.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.203-210
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• 2020

In order to sustainably develop economy of regions and countries, it is necessary to pay attention to formation of new clusters from a long-term perspective. This study examined concepts and characteristics of clusters, and analyzed conditions related to emergence of clusters based on previous studies. Then, this study derived important factors and intended to propose a framework that is possible to help analyze clusters in the future. The development stages were divided into four stages of occurrence, growth, maturity, and decline. As for emergence conditions, entrepreneurship, institutional support, decision factors by development stages, and requirements for the future cluster success were presented. This study has academic significance in that it presents an integrated framework to analyze cluster emergence, and based on it, this study also presents directions of future studies and the regional and national policy implications. However, this study has many limitations in that it is difficult to generalize because it has not considered all variables in various dimensions and environments.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.265-274
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• 2011

Smart-Learning has been increasing with the growth of smartphone usage. Looking at previous research, this study established the concept of smart learning, current understanding of smart learning and the requirements for smart learning. Subsequently, It was established a concept of SNS, reviewing future education, self-directed learning by using social network, and suggests policies of vitalizing smart-learning by using SNS. In order to use SNS in smart learning, first it is proposed the need for smart learning laws and institutions, particularly with young people considering their emotions in order to expand what is proposed. secondly, the need for SNS usage to be socially and culturally relevant. third and finally, the need for strengthening information security with co-operation from the government.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.39-51
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• 2017

In October 2016, the NFSA (National Financial Supervisory Authorities) revised the network separation clause of the Regulation on Supervision of Electronic Financial Activities in order to promote the Cloud Computing implementation in the financial sectors. The new regulation, however, limits the Cloud Computing usage to non-critical information and its processing system. Financial institutions that provide customer data analysis and personalized services based on personal data regard current revision as unchanged as before. The implementation of Cloud Computing has greatly contributed to cost reduction, business innovation and is an essential requirement in ever-changing information communication technology environment. To guarantee both security and reliability of the implementation of the Cloud Computing in financial sectors, a considerable amount of research and debate needs to be done. This paper examines current Cloud Computing policies in the Korean financial sector and the challenges associated with it. Finally, the paper identifies policy suggestions based on both European Union and United States' approach as they have successfully introduced Cloud Computing Services for their financial sectors.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.403-425
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• 2015

The Chicago Convention and Annexes have become the basis of aviation safety regulations for every contracting state. Generally, the State's aviation safety regulations refer to the Standards and Recommended Practices(SARPs) provided in the Annexes of the Chicago Convention. In order to properly reflect international aviation safety regulations, constant studies of the aviation fields are of paramount importance. This Paper is intended to identify the main differences between korean and foreign regulation and suggest a few amendment proposals on Mixed-fleet Flying(at or more two aircraft type operation) of flight crew. Comparing with these regulations, the korean regulations and implementations have some insufficiency points. I suggest some amendment proposals of korean regulations concerning Mixed-fleet Flying that flight crew operate aircraft of different types. Basically an operator shall not assign a pilot-in-command or a co-pilot to operate at the flight controls of a type of airplane during take-off and landing unless that pilot has operated the flight controls during at least three take-offs and landings within the preceding 90 days on the same type of airplane or in a flight simulator. Also, flight crew members are familiarized with the significant differences in equipment and/or procedures between concurrently operated types. An operator shall ensure that piloting technique and the ability to execute emergency procedures is checked in such a way as to demonstrate the pilot's competence on each type or variant of a type of airplane. Proficiency check shall be performed periodically. When an operator schedules flight crew on different types of airplanes with similar characteristics in terms of operating procedures, systems and handling, the State shall decide the requirements for each type of airplane can be combined. In conclusion, it is necessary for flight crew members to remain concurrently qualified to operate multiple types. The operator shall have a program to include, as a minimum, required differences training between types and qualification to maintain currency on each type. If the Operator utilizes flight crew members to concurrently operate aircraft of different types, the operator shall have qualification processes approved or accepted by the State. If applicable, the qualification curriculum as defined in the operator's Advanced Qualification Program could be applied. Flight crew members are familiarized with the significant differences in equipment and/or procedures between concurrently operated types. The difference among different types of airpcrafts decrease and standards for these airpcrafts can be applied increasingly because function and performance have been improved by aircraft manufacture company in accordance to basic aircraft system in terms of developing new aircrafts for flight standard procedure and safety of flight. Also, it becomes more necessary for flight crews to control multi aircraft types due to various aviation business and activation of leisure business. Nevertheless, in terms of flight crew training and qualification program, there are no regulations in Korea to be applied to new aircraft types differently in accordance with different levels. In addition, it has no choice different programs based on different levels because there are not provisions to restrict or limit and specific standards to operate at or more than two aircraft types for flight safety. Therefore the aviation authority introduce Flight Standardization and/or Operational Evaluation Board in order to analysis differences among aircraft types. In addition to that, the aviation authority should also improve standard flight evaluation and qualification system among different aircraft types for flight crews to apply reasonable training and qualification efficiently. For all the issue mentioned above, I have studied the ICAO SARPs and some state's regulation concerning operating aircraft of different types(Mixed-fleet flying), and suggested some proposals on the different aircraft type operation as an example of comprehensive problem solving. I hope that this paper is 1) to help understanding about the international issue, 2) to help the improvement of korean aviation regulations, 3) to help compliance with international standards and to contribute to the promotion of aviation safety, in addition.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2001

The study was carried out to investigate the surroundings and benefit analysis on the planting investment of Thailand for securing a stable supply of timber through overseas planting, The results show that Thailand government is planing to increase the coverage of forest from 25% to 40%, encouraging planting over the country. More advantages and incentives are given in the investments in planting and wood-processing industries such as plywood, veneer, and chip & hard board, etc. In Thailand Eucalyptus species which are most popular in planting as they are lucratively used as a material of pulp. The Internal rate of return (IRR) in the study was ranged from 29.1 % to 59.3.