• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to assess effects of task oriented programme on balance and upper extremity function in stroke patient. Methods : The subject is right hemiplegia with stroke and participated for 6 weeks. The design of study ABA designed of single subject research. The baseline phase consisted of 5 sessions. The intervention phase consisted of 15 sessions and performed task oriented training. The Maintenance phase consisted of 5 sessions. An assessment of upper extremity function was made using a Manual Function Test(MFT) and balance were assessed by the Time Up and Go test(TUG), Nintendo Wii Balance Board Test. Results : Dynamic balance improved from 51.53 to 42.62. At baseline, difference between left and right of the static balance was an average of 13.8, After treatment, the static balance difference was 6.29 and It was closer to zero than baseline, so static balance has been stable feature. Also, MFT point increased from 6 to 7.6. Conclusion : Task oriented programme can useful in balance and upper extremity function in stroke patient. Further studies need to generalize these findings.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.586-591
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• 2002

Bruxism can be generally regarded as a diurnal clenching or nocturnal teeth grinding or a combination of both. Clenching of the teeth is forceful closure of the opposing dentition in a static relationship of the mandible to the maxilla, whereas grinding of the dentition is forceful closure of the opposing dentition in a dynamic maxillo-mandibular relationship as the mandibular arch moves through various excursive positions. The causes of bruxism are not yet discovered clearly, but most consistently mentioned cause is psychological stress. Bruxism can be also associated with sleep disorders, medication, and disturbances of the central nervous system. There is no permanent treatment method of bruxism, so the objectives for management of bruxism are reduction of psychological stress and treatment of signs and symptoms of bruxism by occlusal adjustment, occlusal splint, systemic medication and physical therapy. These cases report present three cases of children with bruxism. The bruxism was reduced in these patients wearing occlusal splint.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.979-986
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• 2016

The tripod shafts of constant-velocity joint are used in both the trains KTX and KTX-sanchon. It is an important component that connects the motor reduction unit and the axle reduction unit in a power bogie. The tripod shaft not only transmits drive and brake torque in the rotational direction, but also slides in the axial direction. If the drive system is loaded with an excessive torque, the fuse part of the shaft will be fractured firstly to protect the other important components. In this study, a rig was developed for conducting torsion tests on the tripod shaft, which is a type of mechanical fuse. The tripod shafts were subjected to torsional fracture test and torsional fatigue test on the rig. The weak zone of the tripod shaft was identified, and its fatigue life was predicted using finite element analysis (FEA). After analyzing the FEA results, design solutions were proposed to improve the strength and fatigue life of the tripod shaft. Furthermore, the deterioration trend and time for failure of the tripod shaft were verified using the hysteresis loops which had been changed with the advancement of the torsional fatigue test.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.518-525
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• 1995

목적 : 안구제거술 후에 삽입한 hydroxyapatite 안구보충물내로 혈관신생이 완전하게 일어 나는 시기를 알아보기 위함이다. 방법 : 안구제거술을 받은 43예의 환자(남자 33예, 여자 10예, 14-56세)에게 대부분 변경되지 않은 방법으로 hydroxyapatite 안구보충물을 삽입한 후 10-23주 사이에 다양한 간격(10-12 주 2예, 13-16주 18예, 17-20주 20예, 21-23주 3예)을 두고 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ 골주사를 시행하여 보충물내로의 혈관신생 정도를 전향적으로 측정하였다. 정면 및 측면촬영의 정적영상에서 안구보충물의 방사능섭취가 비교(nasal bridge)의 방사능섭취보다 약할 경우를 grade 1, 같을 경을 grade 2, 강할 경우를 grade 3로 나누었으며 grade 2와 3을 혈관신생이 완전하다고 정의하였다. 또한 43예 모두에서 방사능섭취 정도와 관계없이 안구보충물 삽입후 평균 21주되는 시기에 안구보충물에 구멍을 내어 이 구멍으로부터의 출혈여부를 확인한 후 운동성나사(motility peg)를 끼워 의안(prosthesis)과 연결하였다. 43예중 7예에서는 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ 골주사와 조영제주입후의 자기공명영상(Gd-DTPA T1-weighted images)을 같은 날짜에 시행하여 각각의 예에서 방사능섭취 정도와 조영제증강 정도를 비교하였다. 결과 : 안구보충물내로 완전하게 혈관신생이 일어났던 grade 2와 3의 비율은 안구보충물삽입후 10-12주에서는 0%, 13-16주 33%, 17-20주 50%, 21-23주 67%로써 시간경과에 따라 점차 증가하였다. 골주사소견에 관계없이 안구보충물 삽입후 평균 21주되는 시기에 보충물 앞쪽에 구멍을 내었을 때 43예 모두에서 완전한 혈관신생을 의미하는 출혈을 볼 수 있었다. $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ 골주사와 조영제주입후의 자기공명영상을 둘 다 시행한 7예 각각에서 방사능섭취의 정도와 조영제증강의 정도가 거의 일치하였다. 결론 : 본 예비연구의 결과로써 hydroryapatite 안구보충물 삽입후 21주째에 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ 골주사를 시행하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각되며, hydroxyapatite 안구보충물내로의 완전한 혈관신생 여부를 보는 데에는 $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ 골주사가 조영제주입후의 자기공명영상보다 더 경제적이라고 할 수 있겠다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2014

Steel intermediate moment frames (IMFs) have been generally used as seismic load resisting systems (SLRSs) of a building to provide resistances against strong ground shaking. However, most of low and mid-rise steel buildings in Korea were constructed during pre-seismic code era or before the introduction of well-organized current seismic codes. It has been recognized that the seismic performance of these steel IMFs is still questionable. In order to respond to such a question, this study quantitatively investigates the seismic capacities of steel IMFs. Prototype models are built according to the number of stories, the levels of elastic seismic design base shear and the ductilities of structural components. Also, the other prototype models employing hysteretic energy dissipating devices (HEDDs) are considered. The collapse mechanism and the seismic performance of the prototype models are then described based on the results obtained from nonlinear-static and incremental-dynamic analyses. The seismic performance of the prototype models is assessed from collapse margin ratio (CMR) and collapse probability. From the assessment, the prototype model representing new steel IMFs has enough seismic capacities while, the prototype models representing existing steel IMFs provide higher collapse probabilities. From the analytic results of the prototype models retrofitted with HEDDs, the HEDDs enhance the seismic performance and collapse capacity of the existing steel IMFs. This is due to the energy dissipating capacity of the HEDDs and the redistribution of plastic hinges.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.14-27
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• 2004

This study approaches the effects of Balance Training on excercise performance and the prevention from the injuries caused by excercise. The subjects of the Balance Training program are female exercise beginners and the research period covers 8 weeks from January 10 to March 7, 2003. The research objects are 19 female golf beginners in 30s to 40s, who live in Seoul or Seongnam in Gyeonggi province and have played golf less than 6 months. The programs of the Balance Training and exercise performance were conducted to an 11 experimental group among the 19 research objects at the same time, and only the exercise performance program was applied to an 8 control group for 8 weeks. Before and after 8 weeks' application of the research programs to each group, the research subjects were examined, especially the components of their bodies, the balance and the performance capability were measured both before and after the test. The frequency of injuries by exercise was measured after the test, and the difference of the frequency was compared with the frequency before exercise. First, the experimental group, in a measurement of balance, showed that SN, MB, SAr and SAg of static balance decreased in a situation of MEO, MEC, GEO, GEC, TBEO, TBO, FHEO, FEO(p <0.05), but the control group increased. Second, the analysis on the change of exercise performance indicated better improvement in distance, ball speed, and accuracy of the experimental group than the control group(p<0.05). Third, the experience of injuries showed that there were 2 injuries in the experimental group and 11 injuries in the control group. The injured parts were 2 cases in the hands and fingers of the experimental group, and 1 case in the shoulder, 4 in the elbows, 4 in the hands and fingers and 2 in the lumber of the control group. From the above-mentioned results, it is recognized that the Balance Training program improved the exercise performance of female golf beginners and had good effects on the prevention from injuries. Accordingly, if this program is applied to sports-beginners, it will contribute to the improvement of the public health.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2018

The main goal of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the life satisfaction of elderly individuals living alone. We analyzed the data obtained in 2016 through "Survey on Residents'Quality of Life in Gyeonggi Province", performing stepwise multiple regression on 824 cases. The results were as follows: First, age, income, and education had a significant impact on life satisfaction, while sex, marital status, and employment had no influence on life satisfaction. Second, as individual-level factors, self-rated health, exercise, and participation in religious activities and social associations had a significant and positive impact on life satisfaction. Third, the results showed that both helping others in neighborhood and trusting people in the neighborhood, between-person factors, positively influenced their subjective quality of life, but receiving help from the neighborhood did not significantly affect life satisfaction. Fourth, satisfaction with cultural facilities, one of the physical environmental factors, was associated with life satisfaction. These results suggest that multi-level factors influencing life satisfaction should be considered to enhance the quality of life of elderly individuals. In particular, they suggest that when planning measures, it is necessary to consider built-environments for the elderly.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Background: Limitation of hamstring extensibility is often associated with various musculoskeletal problems such as alterations in posture and walking patterns. Thus, certain appropriate strategies need to be established for its management. Objects: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the neural mobilization technique and static stretching exercises on popliteal angle and hamstring compliance in young women with short hamstring syndrome (SHS). Methods: Thirty-three women with SHS were randomly assigned to either group-1 ($n_1=17$) that underwent the neural mobilization technique or group-2 ($n_2=16$) that underwent the static stretching exercises. Outcome measures included the active popliteal angle (APA) and a hamstring's electromyographic (EMG) activity at a maximum popliteal angle of the baseline. Intervention for each group was performed for a total time of 3-min (6 sets of a 30-sec application). Results: There were significant interactions between time and group in the APA [group-1 (pre-test to post-test): $69.70{\pm}8.14^{\circ}$ to $74.14{\pm}8.07^{\circ}$ and group-2: $68.66{\pm}7.42^{\circ}$ to $70.52{\pm}7.92^{\circ}$] (F1,31=6.678, p=.015) and the EMG activity of the hamstring (group-1: $1.12{\pm}.30{\mu}N$ to $.69{\pm}.31{\mu}V$ and group-2: $1.19{\pm}.49{\mu}V$ to $1.13{\pm}.47{\mu}V$)(F1,31=6.678, p=.015). Between-group comparison revealed that the EMG activity of the hamstring was significantly different at post-test between the groups (p<.05). Furthermore, in within-group comparison, group-1 appeared to be significantly different for both variables between pre- and post-test (p<.05); however, group-2 showed significant difference in only the APA between pre- and post-test (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the neural mobilization technique and static stretching exercises may be advantageous to improve hamstring compliance in young women with SHS, resulting in a more favorable outcome in the neural mobilization technique.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Response modification factors (R-factor) in 3-, 9- and 20- story steel Moment Resisting Frame (MRF) buildings. Each structure was designed using a R-factor of 8, as tabulated in the 2000 International Building Code provision (IBC 2000) and Korea Building Code (KBC) 2008. In order to evaluate the maximum and minimum performance expected for such structures, an upper bound and lower bound design were adopted for each model. Next, each analytical model was designed using different R-factors (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) and four different structural periods with the original fundamental period. For a detailed case study, a total of 150 analytical models were subjected to 20 ground motions representing a hazard level with a 2% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. In order to evaluate the performance of the structures, static push-over and non-linear time history analysis (NTHA) were performed, and displacement ductility demand was investigated to consider the ductility capacity of the structures. The results show that the dynamic behaviors for the 3- and 9-story buildings are relatively stable and conservative, while the 20-story buildings show a large displacement ductility demand due to dynamic instability factors. (e.g. P-delta effect and high mode effect)

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2017

Growing demand and rapid development of the synthetic fiber rope in mooring system have taken place since it has been used in deep water platform lately. Unlike a chain mooring, synthetic fiber rope composed of lightweight materials such as Polyester(polyethylene terephthalate), HMPE(high modulus polyethylene) and Aramid(aromatic polyamide). Non-linear stiffness and another failure mode are distinct characteristics of synthetic fiber rope when compared to mooring chain. When these ropes are exposed to environmental load for a long time, the length of rope will be increased permanently. This is called 'the creep phenomenon'. Due to the phenomenon, The initial characteristics of mooring systems would be changed because the length and stiffness of the rope have been changed as time goes on. The changed characteristics of fiber rope cause different mooring tension and vessel offset compared to the initial design condition. Commercial mooring analysis software that widely used in industries is unable to take into account this phenomenon automatically. Even though the American Petroleum Institute (API) or other classification rules present some standard or criteria with respect to length and stiffness of a mooring line, simulation guide considers the mechanical properties that is not mentioned in such rules. In this paper, the effect of creep phenomenon in the fiber rope mooring system under specific environment condition is investigated. Desiged mooring system for a Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit(MODU) with HMPE rope which has the highest creep is analyzed in a time domain in order to investigate the effects creep phenomenon to vessel offset and mooring tension. We have developed a new procedure to an analysis of mooring system reflecting the creep phenomenon and it is validated through a time domain simulation using non-linear mooring analysis software, OrcaFlex. The result shows that the creep phenomenon should be considered in analysis procedure because it affects the length and stiffness of synthetic fiber rope in case of high water temperature and permanent mooring system.