• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2005

Purpose : We performed the study to evaluate the value of the follow-up echocardiogram performed 6 months to 1 year after the onset of Kawasaki disease(KD), as recommended by American Heart Association(AHA) guidelines, when echocardiograms in the convalescent period were normal. Methods : Patients were selected from 147 cases diagnosed with KD at Pusan Paik hospital from January 2000 to October 2003. A total of 45 KD patients belonged to AHA risk level I and II were performed follow-up echocardiography. The patient's medical records and echocardiogram were reviewed. Additionally, we sought the opinion of pediatric cardiologists on the subject by means of a multiple-choice survey. Results : 37 children were belonged to AHA risk level I and the remaining 8 patients were belonged to risk level II. Of these 45 children, none were noted to have abnormalities on later follow-up echocardiogram. In the results of questionnaire, 37 percent of the participants advocate no follow-up after convalescent period for risk level I, and 33.3 percent favor periodic follow-up with echocardiography for risk level II up to one year. But there were no consensus about the diagnostic criteria of coronary abnormalities and how to follow-up these patients. Conclusion : All children with KD should have an echocardiogram at present and a follow-up study 6 to 8 weeks after the onset of fever. However, additional echocardiographies are not justified if the 6- to 8-week follow-up echocardiogram is normal. We would recommend that the more reasonable diagnostic criteria for coronary abnormalities and the Korean guidelines for long-term cardiovascular management and follow-up of KD need to be established.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.192-199
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• 1998

1. 조사 대상자들의 평균 키와 체중은 각각 161.00$\pm$4.15cm, 50.45$\pm$8.15kg이었으며 BMI는 19.81$\pm$3.98, 체지방율은 26.12$\pm$4.12, skinfold thickness는 40.40$\pm$12.56mm로 나타났다. 2. 조사 대상자들의 혈액성상은 적혈구 수, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크리트치, albumin, globulin, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, 총 중성지방을 측정하였으며 헤마토크리트치를 제외한 나머지 성상들은 모두 정상 범위에 속하였다. 헤마토크리트치는 정상범주에 미달되는 것으로 나타나 이로 말미암아 철분 결핍성 빈형에 노출될 확률이 아주 많음을 보였다. 3. 용돈별로 체지방율을 분류하여 분석한 결과 한달 용돈이 평균 20~30만원을 쓰는 group의 체지방율이 22.00%로서 정상 수준 이었으며, 30만원 이상 사용하는 group은 비만으로 나타났다.(p<0.05) 한편, 그 외의 group들은 체내 체지방율 수준도 정상 수준인 20~25%를 넘어 체중으로 나타났다. 또한 30만원 이상 사용하는 group은 다른 group보다 RBC(million/㎣), Hb(g/이), Hct(%) 모두가 낮게 나타났으며, 빈혈로 판정될 수 있는 수준이었다. 4. 다이어트 빈도별 각 요인들간의 상관관계를 살펴보면 다이어트 시도를 자주 한다고 답변한 group이 거의 실시하지 않는다., 실시해 본 적이 없다라고 대답한 group보다 체중과 BMI가 유의적으로 낮았다.(p<0.05) 그러나 skinfold thickness(mm)와 체지방율은 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 비록 다이어트 실시를 자주할 경우 절대적인 체중감량은 감소되지만 체내 지방량이 감소되는 것은 아니라고 판단된다. 5. 다이어트 실시기간에 따라 혈액 성상을 분석한 결과, 4개월 미만 다이어트를 실시하였으나, 1개월 전부터 현재(설문지에 응답한 시점)까지 기간 중에는 다이어트를 실시한 적이 없다고 대답한 group의 Alb(g/dl)과 Glo(g/dl)의 수치가 다이어트를 실시한 적이 없다고 대답한 group에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다.(p<0.05) 6. 체중은 BMI와 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, BMI는 견갑골과도 높은 양의 상관관계를 가졌다. 상완부는 견갑골, skinfold thickness(mm), 체지방율과 높은 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 반면 Hb(g/dl), Hct(%)와는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 견갑골은 BMI 뿐 아니라 skinfold thickness(mm), 체지방율과 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, skinfold thickness(mm)는 체지방율과 유의적인 양의 상관관계가 있음이 나타났다. 7. RBC(million/㎣)는 Hb(g/dl) 및 Hct(%)와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, Hb(g/dl)도 Hct(%)와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. Alb(g/dl)은 Glo(g/dl) 및 TCH(mg/dl), HDL(mg/dl)과도 양의 상관관계를 가졌다. Glo(g/dl)은 TCH(mg/dl)과 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, TCH(mg/dl)은 Alb(g/dl), Glo(g/dl)이에도 TTG(mg/dl), LDL-cho(mg/dl) HDL-cho과도 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. TTG(mg/dl)은 LDL-cho(mg/dl)과는 양의 상관관계를 HDL-cho(mg/dl)과는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2014

Purpose: Vitamin D has been known to play an important role in the central nervous system and brain functions in the human body, and cumulative evidence has shown that vitamin D deficiency might be linked with various mental health conditions. Epidemiologic studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with higher risk of depression in the US and European populations. However, limited information is available regarding the association between vitamin D status and depression in the Korean population. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between vitamin D levels and prevalence of depression. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using nationally representative data from the 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from which serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were available. A total of 18,735 adults who had available demographic, dietary, and lifestyle information were included in our analysis. We defined "depression" with a diagnosis by a physician. "Depressed condition" was defined as having feelings of sadness or depression without diagnosis by a physician. Results: The prevalence of depression was 1.63% and 5.43% in Korean men and women, respectively; 12.5% of men and 26.1% of women were defined as the group having depressed conditions. In multivariate logistic regression models, no significant associations were observed between vitamin D status and prevalence of depression or depressed conditions in Korean men and women. Conclusion: We found no association between vitamin D insufficiency and depression/depressed conditions in Korean adults. Future large prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this relationship.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1129-1135
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• 2013

In this, three types of natural gas were employed to investigate the effect of low-calorific natural gas on the performance of and emissions from a heavy-duty CNG engine. The performance and emission characteristics were analyzed by conducting a full-load test, WHSC mode test, and WHTC mode test. The results showed that the torque of low-calorific natural gas with $9,800kcal/Nm^3$ of higher heating value decreased by 4.4 compared to that of the current natural gas with $10,400kcal/Nm^3$ of heating value. With low-calorific fuels, CO, $CO_2$, and $NO_x$ emissions decreased. However, THC emissions increased. According to the WHSC and WHTC mode test results, the thermal efficiency increased and the emission characteristics showed a similar trend to the full-load test results. Low-calorific natural gases cause a decrease in torque at full-load operation conditions and an increase in hydrocarbon emissions.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2011

Bridge Weigh-in-Motion(BWIM) system calculates a travelling vehicle's weight without interruption of traffic flow by analyzing the signals that are acquired from various sensors installed in the bridge. BWIM system or data accumulated from the BWIM system can be utilized to development of updated live load model for highway bridge design, fatigue load model for estimation of remaining life of bridges, etc. Field test with moving trucks including various load cases should be performed to guarantee successful development of precise BWIM system. In this paper, a numerical simulation technique is adopted as an alternative or supplement to the vehicle traveling test that is indispensible but expensive in time and budget. The constructed numerical model is validated by comparison experimentally measured signal with numerically generated signal. Also vehicles with various dynamic characteristics and travelling conditions are considered in numerical simulation to investigate the variation of bridge responses. Considered parameters in the numerical study are vehicle velocity, natural frequency of the vehicle, height of entry bump, and lateral position of the vehicle. By analyzing the results, it is revealed that the lateral position and natural frequency of the vehicle should be considered to increase precision of developing BWIM system. Since generation of vehicle travelling signal by the numerical simulation technique costs much less than field test, a large number of test parameters can effectively be considered to validate the developed BWIM algorithm. Also, when artificial neural network technique is applied, voluminous data set required for training and testing of the neural network can be prepared by numerical generation. Consequently, proposed numerical simulation technique may contribute to improve precision and performance of BWIM systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.118-122
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• 2016

When a geometric size of moonpool and an inflow velocity are determined based on the similarity of Froude number, Reynolds number is depending on the scale ratio of moonpool geometry. It means that different characteristics of flow fluctuations in moonpool can be observed depending on the scale ratio of moonpool even though Froude number is the same. In the present study two dimensional numerical simulations were performed to investigate the influence of scale ratios on the flow characteristics inside the moonpool. The inflow velocity at several scale ratios was determined to keep Froude number constant. A periodic response was observed in a small size of moonpool while a large moonpool showed complicated fluctuations with various amplitudes and frequencies, which made it difficult to distinguish the statistical steady-state response from the temporal responses in the case of large moonpool. The similarity of Froude number gave rise to a spectral characteristic which was inversely proportional to the square root of scale ratios ($f_{0.5}{\approx}{\sqrt{2}}f_1{\approx}2f_{2.0}$) but a low frequent occurrence of strong vortex ($f_{2.0}=0.07$)which is observed inside the large moonpool was characterized depending on scale ratios.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to obtain baseline data for establishing oral health policy and developing oral health among industrial workers. A question was used to question paper 226 workers of D heavy industrial company in Sacheon-City. The result obtained were as follows: 1.Generally dental patients asked to not prevention treatment but treatment of dental disease. 2.Most of workers respondent that their oral health is so so.(52.2%). 3.Respondents reported 76.1% of dental calculus, 55.8% of sensitive to cold and hot things. 4.Oral health attitude is tooth brushing experience (39.8%), scaling experience (75.7%), when brushed area all teeth, gingiva and tongue(47.3%). 5.81.8% of respondents received no teeth pain when brushing time is over 3 minutes and 83.7% of smokers had calculus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.295-306
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• 2018

Purpose: Koreans' internet and smartphone usage hours are steadily increasing and the dependence of young people on smartphones is causing social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine health and dietary habits, as well as hair mineral contents according to the level of dependence of smartphone use among adolescents to clarify the interrelation of smartphone dependence, lifestyle, dietary behavior, and mineral nutrition status. Methods: A total of 80 smartphone-addicted adolescents participated in this study and were divided into three groups (general, potential and danger group) according to smartphone dependence. The subjects' lifestyles and dietary behaviors were then surveyed, and hair mineral contents were analyzed. Results: Higher smartphone dependence was associated with lower average weekly sleeping time and later first smoking age. In the danger group, the rate of eating fast and the rate of snacking twice a day was also relatively high. Parents (45.0%) and mobile (30.0%) were the factors having the greatest influence on an individual's dietary behavior. In the hair mineral analysis, all subjects had lower selenium concentrations and higher lead concentrations than normal. In addition, the levels of aluminum in the danger group were higher than in the normal range and the highest among the three groups. Conclusions: It is necessary to guide adolescents to use smartphones correctly and manage dietary habits. In addition, careful attention is needed the mineral nutritional status of smartphone-addicted adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1385-1393
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrient intake status and dietary behaviors in elementary school children. The subjects were 98 boys and girls in the 4~6 grade and divided into three groups by body shape. The protein intakes of the subjects were higher than the Korean EER (estimated energy requirements). Especially male over weight group had more than twice intakes (216.0% ) comparing the Korean EER. The mean daily intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C in all subjects did not meet the Korean RI (recommended intake). The vitamin C intake of male underweight group was only 43.2% comparing the Korean RI. Rice & cereals were main food sources of energy, protein and iron, and milk & milk products were main food sources of calcium. As their weights were high, the meal volume and the rate of skipped meal were shown to be high (p<0.05). Thus, this study implicates that desirable nutrition education may be needed for overweight and underweigh children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.330-341
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary habits, food intakes, nutrient intakes, and diet quality of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a health screening and promotion center. Methods: The total number of study subjects was 10,111 adults, where 3087 subjects (30.5%) were diagnosed as NAFLD. The dietary intakes were obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. They were then compared with the dietary reference intakes could be used in the future for development of diet and nutrition guidelines s (KDRIs). Results: Mean age of subjects in the normal group was $52.9{\pm}10.3yrs$ and body mass index (BMI) was $22.4{\pm}2.6kg/m^2$, and those of the NAFLD group were $55.1{\pm}9.2yrs$ and $25.4{\pm}2.9kg/m^2$. BMI, blood pressure of the NAFLD group were significantly higher than those of the normal group. The rates of skipping breakfast, overeating, and eating out were significantly could be used in the future for development of diet and nutrition guidelines er in the NAFLD group (p < 0.05, p < 0.000, p < 0.000 respectively). The speed of eating was fast in the NAFLD group (p < 0.000). The NAFLD group consumed significantly higher amounts of grains, meats, fish, seaweeds, kimchies, sugars, sweets, coffee, teas, and oils compared to the normal group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, intakes of starch products, fruits, milk, and milk products were significantly lower in the NAFLD group compared with those of the normal group (p < 0.05). Riboflavin, calcium, and dietary fiber nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of the NAFLD group were significantly lower than those of the normal group. The Korean's dietary diversity score (KDDS) of the NAFLD group was lower than that of the normal group. Conclusion: In conclusion, we suggest that diet guidelines, such as increasing the intake of calcium and dietary fiber, reducing the intake of energy, fat, and simple carbohydrates, are necessary to improvement of NAFLD. The results could be used in the future for development of diet and nutrition guidelines for NAFLD.