• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2014

Speech discrimination is affected by the speed of speech. The speed of speech can be adjusted at the pause duration, the pause duration can take the resting time to avoid in overloading information. The study will be examine the effects of aging and audiological rehabilitation, and the auditory processing as basic research to investigate the normative data. 7 boys and 8 girls were participated. They have no problem with speech language pathologically and audiologically. There are 4 sets of test implement, and each test set was made out with 20 3-syllable words. Pause duration of all of these words are adjusted in normal(250 ms), slow(500 ms) and very slow(1000 ms). There are 4 words for a multiple-choice that including one word with written correctly and three words with written 1 phoneme wrong. Participant hear the word, and then have to choose one. Speech discrimination score in 250, 500, 1,000 ms of pause duration were $73{\pm}19.4%$, $84{\pm}12.2%$, $88{\pm}8.8%$, respectively.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the Fagopyrum esculentum (F. esculentum) extracts and vitexin are as the results of microarray, cell proliferation, cell wound recovery, cell cycle, microphage pattern and protein analysis for damage improvement caused by UVB-induced damage. Microarray results showed that UVB-induced increase in DRAM1, Atg2a and Atg13 genes was reduced in F. esculentum ethanol extract and vitexin. Cell proliferation, wound repair, cell cycle, and microphage patterns were improved in F. esculentum ethanol extract and vitexin, while buckwheat ethanol extract and vitexin decreased in both DRAM1, Beclin-1, and LC3 I/II in the vitexin treatment group and p-mTOR and survivin were all increased in protein analysis. It is thought that it can recover to normal and control autophagy, one of the causes of cell aging caused by UVB, to inhibit and regenerate cell death. F. esculentum ethanol extract and vitexin can be used as a functional cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Recently, the functions of smart speakers have diversified, and the penetration rate of smart speakers is increasing. As it becomes more widespread, various techniques have been proposed to cause anomalous behavior against smart speakers. Dolphin Attack, which causes anomalous behavior against the Voice Controllable System (VCS) during various attacks, is a representative method. With this method, a third party controls VCS using ultrasonic band (f>20kHz) without the user's recognition. However, since the method uses the ultrasonic band, it is necessary to install an ultrasonic speaker or an ultrasonic dedicated device which is capable of outputting an ultrasonic signal. In this paper, a smart speaker is controlled by generating an audio signal modulated at a frequency (18 to 20) which is difficult for a person to hear although it is in the human audible frequency band without installing an additional device, that is, an ultrasonic device. As a result with the method proposed in this paper, while humans could not recognize voice commands even in the audible band, it was possible to control the smart speaker with a probability of 82 to 96%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) on the activities of brain lipid peroxidation related enzymes in ethanol administrated rats of selenium(Se) deficiency. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed Se deficiency diets containing one of the three levels of Met (0, 3, 9g/kg diet) and ethanol(2.5g/kg of body weight) was administrated as 25v/v% ethanol treated groups orally. The rats sacrificed after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding periods. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity was increased in ethanol treated groups and was higher Met normal group than Met deficiency and excessive groups at 5 and 10 weeks dieting. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was decreased in ethanol treated groups and significantly decreased in Met deficiency group. Monoamine oxidase activity in brain was increased in ethanol treated groups and was predominently increased in Met deficiency groups. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased in ethanol treated groups and tended to increase in proportion to level of dietary methionine. Glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities and lipid peroxide content were increased by ethanol administration and were higher Met deficiency group than normal and excessive groups.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2022

The purpose of the this study is to observe the effects of healthy adults' age on temporal features of speech and identify which could differentiate older and young adults. We examined speech rates(i.e., overall speaking rate, articulation rate), occurrence of pause, and duration of pause per utterance by utilizing the National Institute of Korean Language's open corpus. We selected a total of 30 healthy adults (10 young, 10 middle-aged, and 10 older adults) in this study. There were significant differences among the groups in the overall speaking rate, articulation rate, total occurrence of pause, the occurrence of pause between syntactic words, total duration of pause, and duration of pause between syntactic words. The older and middle-aged adults showed slower speech rates and longer and more frequent pause than young adults. But there were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of pause within syntactic word. The overall speaking rate significantly differentiated older adults from young adults. These findings suggested that the effect of speakers' age was reflected in gradual changes in the temporal features of their speech.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1699-1706
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidative effects of chungkukjang fermented using Bacillus subtilis DJI (DJI CJ) in rats fed high cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 185-195 g were divided into 6 groups: normal group (N), high cholesterol group (C), high cholesterol and DJI CJ with no salt group (C-CJN), high cholesterol and DJI CJ added with solar salt group (C-CJS), high cholesterol and DJI CJ added with refined salt group (C-CJR), and high cholesterol and commercial CJ group (C-CCJ). The body weight gain and food intake in all four CJ groups were lower than C group. The serum activities of AST and ALT that were elevated by high cholesterol diet were significantly decreased by CJ supplemented. The hepatic activities of catalase and SOD in C group were increased to 20.59% and 18.72%, respectively, compared with N group, but those of C-CJN, C-CJS, C-CJR, and C-CCJ groups were similar to those of N group. Liver TBARS contents were significantly decreased in all CJ groups, compared with C group. The contents of brain lipofuscin in C-CJN, C-CJS, C-CJR, and C-CCJ groups were remarkably inhibited about 20.86%, 22.06%, 14.73%, and 12.88%, respectively, compared with C group. There were no significant differences among DJI CJ groups in antioxidative effects. According to this study, DJI chungkukjang or commercial chungkukjang seems to protect tissues from oxidative stress by stimulating antioxidative systems in rats fed a high cholesterol diet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.239-239
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• 1994

신경쇠약의 치료로 상용하며, 빈혈의 치료와 예방의 효과가 있으며, 노화방지에 도움이 되어 민간약으로는 장수(長壽)약으로 꼽히고 있는 구기자가 글루타메이트에 의한 신경독성을 차단하며, 이러한 효과는 구기자의 성분 중 betaine에 의하여 나타난다. Betaine이 어떠한 작용 기전에 의하여 글루타메이트에 의한 신경독성을 차단하는 지를 밝히기 위하여 글루타메이트가 작용하는 각기 다른 수용체인 NHDA 및 non-NMDA 수용체에 어떻게 작용하는 지를 알아보았다. 각 수용체의 선택적인 효능제인 NMDA, kainate 및 quisqualate 각각을 사용하여 인위적으로 독성을 유도시킨 후 이에 대한 betaine의 작용을 알아 본 결과 betaine은 quisqualate에 의하여 유도된 신경독성에서 모두 유사한 정도의 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 효과는 betaine과 구조가 유사한 glycine의 다른 구조 유사체인 dimethylglycine이나 sarcosine과는 다른 작용양상을 나타내는 것이다. Dimethylglycine과 sarcosine은 kainate에 의한 독성에 대하여 미약한 효과를 나타냈으나, NMDA에 의한 독성에는 정상대조군의 LDH 값의 50% 이상에까지 이르게하는 효과를 나타내는 것으로 보아 이들이 NMDA에 의한 신경독성을 효과적으로 차단한다는 것을 암시해 준다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 betaine의 글루타메이트에 의한 신경독성을 차단하는 효과는 다른 glycine 구조 유사체처럼 glycine과 경쟁적으로 작용하여 나타나는 결과는 아니라고 여겨진다. 또한 글루타메이트에 의한 신경독성이 일어나는 기전 중의 하나가 calcium 이온의 세포내의 과도한 유입으로 인한 것으로 알려져 있으나 세포내의 calcium 이온의 양을 측정하여 본 결과 betaine은 글루타메이트로 인한 세포내 calcium 이온의 증가에 대하여 별다른 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 betaine의 글루타메이트에 의한 신경독성 차단 효과는 이미 미생물에서 보고된 바 있는 betaine의 세포내 삼투압에 대한 보호작용이나 항산화작용과 관련된 기전에 의하여 나타나는 것일 가능성이 높은 것으로 추측되어진다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.841-847
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• 2007

최근 삶의 수준의 향상과 의학 기술의 발전으로 노인 인구가 증가하고 있다. 하지만 늘어나는 노인 인구에 비례하여 신체적 노화로 거동이 어려운 노인의 수 또한 증가하는 추세이다. 실제로 많은 노인 인구가 거동이 불편해 정상적인 생활을 하지 못하고 있기 때문에 보행 시 적절한 힘을 보조해 줄 수 있는 보행 보조 장치의 개발이 필요하다. 이 같은 보행 보조 장치를 개발함에 있어 보행자의 보행 패턴이 고려된다면 보행자의 걸음걸이에 맞춰 자연스럽게 힘을 보조해 줄 수 있기 때문에 보행자의 보행 단계 분류에 관한 연구가 선행되어야 한다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 하지 근전도 신호를 이용해 보행 단계를 구분하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 근전도 신호는 근육이 움직일 때 발생하는 아주 작은 전기적인 신호이다. 근전도 신호는 작은 잡음에도 민감하며, 전극을 부착하는 근육의 위치에 따라서도 값의 차이가 크기 때문에 근전도 신호의 획득 및 처리 방법이 중요하다. 위를 위해 피실험자 별 근육의 위치와 보행 속도를 달리하여 근전도 신호를 획득하고 획득한 신호로부터 여러 특징 값을 추출한다. 그리고 새로운 데이터에 대해 적응성이 강하고 시간에 따라 변하는 근전도 신호의 특성을 잘 반영할 수 있으며 각 집합(class)의 비선형 분리가 가능한 퍼지 최대-최소 신경망(Fuzzy Min-Max Neural Network: FMMNN)을 이용해 보행 단계를 분류해 본다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안한 방법의 타당성을 검증해 보고 보행자, 보행속도, 근전도 측정을 위한 근육의 위치가 보행 패턴 분류에 미치는 영향을 알아본다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.68-74
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• 2014

Recent research on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has shown that cognitive and memory decline in this disease is accompanied by disruptive changes in the brain functional network. However, there have been no graph-theoretical studies using $^{11}C$-PIB PET data of the Alzheimer's Disease or mild cognitive impairment. In this study, we acquired $^{18}F$-FDG PET and $^{11}C$-PIB PET images of twenty-four normal aging control participants and thirty individuals with MCI from ADNI (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) database. Brain networks were constructed by thresholding binary correlation matrices using graph theoretical approaches. Both normal control and MCI group showed small-world property in $^{11}C$-PIB PET images as well as $^{18}F$-FDG PET images. $^{11}C$-PIB PET images showed significant difference between NC (normal control) and MCI over large range of sparsity values. This result will enable us to further analyze the brain using established graph-theoretical approaches for $^{11}C$-PIB PET images.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.166-174
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• 2015

In this study, an efficient whole cell-based biotransformation for the production of liquiritigenin was developed using Laetiporus sulphureus CS0218 as biocatalyst and aqueous extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis as co-substrate, respectively. In order to determine the efficacy of this method, the optimal bioconversion conditions including mycelial growth, three important enzyme activities (${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\alpha}$-rhamnosidase and ${\beta}$-xylosidase), and apparent viscosity of culture broth were monitored. After optimization, aqueous extracts of G. uralensis were added to the culture medium to directly produce algycone liquiritigenin. By applying this strategy, 67.5% of liquiritin was converted to liquiritigenin at pH 3.0 after 9 days of incubation and finally liquiritigenin was purified from the reaction mixture. And then, their biological activities including anti-oxidant and superoxide dismutase were observed. In fact, purified liquiritigenin was capable of bi-directional functions (i.e., either up-regulation or down-regulation of SIRT1 which is associated with aging). The results indicate that this strategy would be beneficial to produce biologically active liquiritigenin and could be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food applications.