• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-57
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• 1995

This study was conducted to collect and analyze previous information in order to manage efficience, improve experience effect and promote employment rate. The questionnaire interview with 27 chief of dental Laboratory refered clinical experience in technology department about clinical experience in 14 Jumior colleges were also investigated. The results were summarried as follows : The portion of age of 35-39 among chief of dental Laboratory was 40.7% which was the highest, that of male was 96.3%, that of junior college graduate was 97.5%, that of 10years experience was 92.6% and that of ceramic technician was 85.2%, 63.0% dental laboratory for clinical experience was a bore space of 30pyong. Aspect of dental laboratory management, manufacturing all part of prosthetic restoration was 29.6%, othodontic appliance and ceramic restoration was 7.4%, 3.8%, each. The percentage of 40.7 was having connection with 30-3a dental clinics and referring case per day was 10-19 cases(40.7%), manufacturing time of referred prosthetic restoration was 3-4 days(77.8%), places preparing seminar room for education was 29.6%, above a place of 40pyong was 11.1% 30-34 pyong and 35-39 pyong was 7.4% each. During training of 2 years education course student, 18.5% was rack of thorough occupational career. While 44.4% will want the more salary among 3years education course student, 74.1% will expect the more dental techmicians would engaged in their field, 51.9% will hope improve of their theory and practice, 29.6% be expected better skill and 14.8% be expected better theory. Attitude of clinical experience places was distributed by 59.3% of offering only experience chance, 25.9% of wasting time and 29.0% of annoying. The big emphasis of climical experience was thorough occupational career(44.4%). The clinical experience places of our college were selected after direct visiting, so their condition of management was not that bad but most of dental laboratory were poor in management state and working environment. Therefore it is difficult to choose appropriate places and dental Laboratory are also limited manpower and time as suppliers. So that it recommended to induce flexible management of experience period by interval and rotation of experience places among college and to applicate intern-system for employment ant industry-college cooperation aspect.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.421-431
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to provide guidelines for the diagnosis and successful treatment of orthodontic treatment with upper premolar extraction only Methods: The sample group consisted of 40 patients (20 with upper premolar extraction only, 20 with both upper and lower premolar extractions) who showed an overjet of more than 7 mm and were finished successfully. Lateral cephalographs were taken before and after orthodontic treatment. Landmarks showing the position of the upper and lower incisors and the position of the upper and lower lip were determined and angular measurement of these values were obtained for statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney test). Results: At pre-treatment, the position of the lower incisor was less labially inclined and the convexity of the lower lip was smaller in the upper premolar extraction only group than in the upper/lower premolar extraction group. At post-treatment, there was no difference in all measurements except for the position of the lower incisor. A comparison of changes between pre- and post-treatment showed that the retraction of upper & lower incisors and the decrease in convexity of the lower lip were greater in the upper/lower premolar extraction group. Conclusions: Treatment by upper premolar extraction can be of benefit for patients whose lower incisor proclination and lower lip protrusion are not excessive.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.53
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• pp.29-52
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence exerted by integration of newsroom upon creation, organization, and operation of news, efficiency during the process of creating news, and the qualitative level of journalism. This study has also utilized a quantitative and qualitative survey method that compares the results of survey on perception of media personnel with the results of case studies. The survey on perception is based on a questionnaire survey separately conducted on changes to organizational operation after integration among executives of top 170 newspapers in USA selected based on circulation. The details of survey include the influence of 1) Change in the system of news coverage and reporting, 2) Qualitative change to journalism, and 3) The differing backgrounds of constituent members upon operation of the integrated newsroom. Moreover, to find out whether the quantitative index shown by the perception survey is actually reflected on the media which operates an integrated newsroom, this study has conducted an in depth interview with related personnel of New York Times and Media General in USA, TMG of UK, Nordjyske of Denmark, and CBS in Korea and also engaged in literature survey. The results of the surveys are as follows. First, this study found that unlike the assertions of many earlier studies, integration of the newsroom generally exerts positive influence upon the organizational operation of a media corporation. Second, after integration, inefficiency of the past for the organization in general including coverage and reporting system, communication within and outside the organization, output of journalists, etc. decreased, and synergistic effect was created. Third, integration of the newsroom generally exercised positive influence upon enhancing the qualitative level of journalism. Fourth, while the current personnel of media generally offered positive assessment of integrating constituent members of differing backgrounds as one newsroom, the case study also showed that there are many negative aspects to it.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.201-210
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• 2003

The world is preparing another unseen war, that is, the cultural war of digital economy which will dominate the new millenium. As the “contents”, which are composed of various ingredients of media, gain vitality, the developed nations are in preparation of the war with the “cultural industry” weapons. The digital economic experts say that the left out nations will become economic colony in the new millenium age. The most important characteristics of cultural industry is the unity of creativity and culture which is all the more improved on the basis of the culture created upon knowledge. This leads to competition between nations or regions, and to survive one has to develop the industrial structure through cognition of its own cultural value. Furthermore, it is not a short-term development and investment of cultural products but a study on the method to graft the cultural value to the industry itself. The multi-media period does not accept an independent medium, and the contents products are becoming the leading industry since il is proved that they last semi-permanently in the digital world. The victory lies in the quality and quantity of the contents as the high ability and variety of the technology of media advance in accordance to the market principles. Since the culture, science and economy are becoming one complex structure, all nations of the world are trying the evolve a unique design of their on culture on the basis of the global universality. In consequence, we should excavate a uniqueness from our cultural heritage and develop into a korean design which will be recognized in the world market. The value of our cultural property should not only be used as academic and research purposes but should be re-evaluated with modem view, recognized as the core element that decides the quality of life and developed into exclusive designs. The korean designs represent the mould concept of our people which evolves from the mould or shape alphabet of Korea To meet the requirements of the changing world and in preparation of the cultural competitive age, it is never too early to make a data on the korean designs through their analysis and evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.129-140
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• 1998

In this study two sites were selected to investigate groundwater contamination and spatial relationship between pollution level and its source. One is the Asan area, agricultural district where pollution sources are scattered. The other is the Gurogu area of Seoul city, industrial district where industrial complex and residential areas are located. Groundwater samples collected from these districts were analysis for chemical constituents. The attribute value files of the chemical constituents of groundwater and the spatial layers have been constructed and the pollution properties have been investigated to find out spatial relationships between the groundwater constituents and pollution sources using CIS. Relatively high contents of Si and HCO$_3$ in groundwater from the Asan area reflect the effect of water-rock interaction, whereas high contents of Cl, NO$_3$, SO$_4$and Ca in groundwater from the Gurogu area are due to the pollution of various sources. Pollution over the critical level of Korean Dinking Water Standard has been investigated from 15 sampling sites out of 40 in the Asan area, and 33 sampling sites out of 51 in the Gurogu area. There is pollution of NO$_3$, Cl, Fe, Mn, SO$_4$and Zn in groundwater from the Gurogu area, and that of NO$_3$, SO$_4$and Zn in groundwater from the Asan area. Principal pollution in both areas is NO$_3$contamination. Deep groundwater from the Asan area is not contaminated with NO$_3$except for one site and most of shallow groundwater near the potential point sources such as factory and stock farm is contaminated seriously. Groundwater from the Gurogu area has been already polluted seriously considering the fact of contamination of deep groundwater. This study reports a spatial relationship between the pollution level and pollution source using GIS.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the contents of meat and non-meat ingredients, calorie, fatty acid composition, and cholesterol contents of processed meat products of which informations are being provided for consumer and partly required for the current labeling system in Korea. A total of sixty-one domestic processed meat products produced from 6 domestic meat companies were collected at the large supermarkets in Suwon city; 1) 31 ham products(3 loin hams, 6 press hams, 20 mixed press hams and 2 fish hams), 26 sausage products(15 pork sausages, 7 mixed sausages and 4 fish sausages) and 4 ground processed meat products. Soy protein and com starch were widely used as non-meat ingredients for the most of processed meat products. The contents of meat, protein, fat, cholesterol contents, and calories were 75-98, 12-23, 1-16%, 7-50 mg/100g, and 1,620-3,127 cal/g for ham products and 60-96, 5-17, 3-27%, 5-73 mg/100g, and 1,271-3,546 cal/g for sausage products, respectively. The saturated(SFA), monounsaturated(MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) contents of ham products were 31-40, 44-53 and 60-72%, and those of sausage products were 17-38, 34-61, and 13-37%, respectively. The ranges of meat contents and nutritional compositions were considerably broad even in the same type of the meat products. Therefore, the labeling system of the nutritional facts for ham as well as sausage products is necessary to categorize the quality level and thus to give the nutritional information to consumer for better choice of products in market.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2000

Tunnelling has been created as a great extent in view of less land space available because the growth of population in metropolitan has been accelerated at a faster pace than the development of the cities. In tunnelling, it is often faced that measures are obliged to be taken without confirmation for such abnormality as diverged movement of surrounding rock mass, growing crack of shotcrete and yielding of rockbolts. In this case, it is usually said that the judgments of experienced engineers for the selection of measure are importance and allowed us to get over the situations in many construction sites. But decrease of such experienced engineers need us to develop the new system to assist the selection of measures for the abnormality without any experiences of similar tunnelling sites. In this study, After a lot of tunnelling reinforcement methods were surveyed and the detail application were studied, an expert system was developed to predict the safety of tunnel and choose proper tunnel reinforcement system using fuzzy quantification theory and fuzzy inference rule based on tunnel information database. The expert system developed in this study have two main parts named pre-module and post-module. Pre-module decides tunnel information imput items based on the tunnel face mapping information which can be easily obtained in-situ site. Then, using fuzzy quantification theory II, fuzzy membership function is composed and tunnel safety level is inferred through this membership function. The comparison result between the predicted reinforcement system level and measured ones was very similar. In-situ data were obtained in three tunnel sites including subway tunnel under Han river. This system will be very helpful to make the most of in-situ data and suggest proper applicability of tunnel reinforcement system developing more resonable tunnel support method from dependance of some experienced experts for the absent of guide.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.652-657
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• 2018

Breeding control in a farm is a very important factor affecting milk productivity. Breeding management is important for the early detection of estrus, and reliable, automatic, more accurate, and faster monitoring of the timing of dairy cows is essential for farmers. This study measured the accuracy of estrus using the estrus indications, changes in activities, rumination activities, ruminal temperature, and pH. The biomedical information device S1 used in this study provided an estrus notice using the rumen temperature, pH, cow activities, and number of drinking estimations, which were inserted in the rumen through the oral route. The S2 device was used in the estrus notice for the rumen activities and cow activities. The data collected on the instrument were collected at intervals of 2 hours per day at the reference days (RD: -7~-3, +7~+ 3) +2), 7 days before insemination, and 7 days after insemination. The activities of the S1 device used in this paper increased with increasing number of insemination days (-1: $12.5{\pm}1.03/day$; 0: $12.9{\pm}1.73/day$) compared to the reference day (RD: $10.2{\pm}1.0/day$). The activities of the S2 device was also found to increase from the reference day to the insemination day (0: $63.0{\pm}3.66$) compared to the reference day (RD: $40.3{\pm}2.68$). The number of daily drinks in S1 decreased from the reference day (RD: $5.9{\pm}0.89/day$) to before the insemination day (-2: $5.6{\pm}0.98$; -1: $5.7{\pm}0.96$); +2: $6.0{\pm}0.73$). The number of daily drinks on the insemination day (0: $6.3{\pm}0.86$; +2: $6.0{\pm}0.73$) was similar to the reference day. The number of daily rumination in S2 decreased from the reference day (RD: $493.8{\pm}10.92$) to the insemination day (-1: $390.2{\pm}13.36$; 0: $354.1{\pm}16.71$).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1153-1163
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patients' satisfaction with the quality of hospital food service in Busan area. For the purpose, questionnaires were distributed to 271 hospitalized patients in 4 hospitals (three hospitals for self-operated foodservice, one for contracted foodservice) within 130 beds. The average scores were -0.99/5.00 for quality satisfaction of meal characteristics, -0.68/5.00 for service characteristics, and -0.37/5.00 for nutrition characteristics. The items of low scores in quality satisfaction were treatment of complaints, nutrition of meals, provision of nutritional information, the seasoning of the meals, selective menu, and sanitation of the meals. At the expectation and perception grid, high expectation and high perception items were cleanliness of employees' clothes, cleanliness of dish, employees' courtesy, exactness of meal time, and sanitation of the meals. High expectation and low perception items were treatment of complaints and nutrition. The patients with little appetite showed significantly (p<0.01) lower average scores in meal, service, and nutrition characteristics than those with much appetite. The self-operated foodservice operation had significantly (p<0.01) higher average scores in meal, service, and nutrition characteristics than those of the contracted foodservice operation. The patients hoped to improve the taste of cooked rice and side dish, quantity of the side dish, variety of menu, and sanitation of the meals.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.241-263
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• 2010

KoFlux is a Korean network of micrometeorological tower sites that use eddy covariance methods to monitor the cycles of energy, water, and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the key terrestrial ecosystems in Korea. KoFlux embraces the mission of AsiaFlux, i.e. to bring Asia's key ecosystems under observation to ensure quality and sustainability of life on earth. The main purposes of KoFlux are to provide (1) an infrastructure to monitor, compile, archive and distribute data for the science community and (2) a forum and short courses for the application and distribution of knowledge and data between scientists including practitioners. The KoFlux community pursues the vision of AsiaFlux, i.e., "thinking community, learning frontiers" by creating information and knowledge of ecosystem science on carbon, water and energy exchanges in key terrestrial ecosystems in Asia, by promoting multidisciplinary cooperations and integration of scientific researches and practices, and by providing the local communities with sustainable ecosystem services. Currently, KoFlux has seven sites in key terrestrial ecosystems (i.e., five sites in Korea and two sites in the Arctic and Antarctic). KoFlux has systemized a standardized data processing based on scrutiny of the data observed from these ecosystems and synthesized the processed data for constructing database for further uses with open access. Through publications, workshops, and training courses on a regular basis, KoFlux has provided an agora for building networks, exchanging information among flux measurement and modelling experts, and educating scientists in flux measurement and data analysis. Despite such persistent initiatives, the collaborative networking is still limited within the KoFlux community. In order to break the walls between different disciplines and boost up partnership and ownership of the network, KoFlux will be housed in the National Center for Agro-Meteorology (NCAM) at Seoul National University in 2011 and provide several core services of NCAM. Such concerted efforts will facilitate the augmentation of the current monitoring network, the education of the next-generation scientists, and the provision of sustainable ecosystem services to our society.