• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the snack meal management for infants and toddlers and the demand for snack products according to mothers' sustainable dietary style in the Jeonbuk area. Methods: The participants were 359 mothers in the Jeonbuk area. The data was analyzed using factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, and χ²-tests with SPSS v. 25.0. According to the sustainable dietary style, the situation of providing snacks at home, the purchasing behavior for snack products, and the satisfaction and, demand for snack products were investigated. Results: Using the K-clustering method, the sustainable dietary style of the subjects was categorized into 3 clusters. Cluster 1 was the family health-seeking group, cluster 2 was the sustainable dietary trend group, and cluster 3 was the sustainability-interested group. The frequency of snack intakes according to the cluster groups showed a significant difference (p < 0.001). Fruits were the snack item most frequently consumed by all the cluster groups. Approximately 92.8% of mothers had purchased snack products, and 95.2% of the subjects were satisfied with them (p < 0.05). The main reason for satisfaction with the snack products in all the cluster groups was the various kinds of products with considering the growth stage of children. Clusters 2 and 3 required the development of snack products using organic food materials, while cluster 1 required the snack products to be supplemented with various nutrients. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop various snack products according to the sustainable dietary style and the needs of mothers so that these snacks can increase the satisfaction of mothers with the snack products and lead them to better snack purchasing behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.281-294
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• 2018

Molecular analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region sequences revealed that the strains used in this study, which were formerly identified as Panellus serotinus, are Panellus edullis. After Universal Fungal PCR Fingerprinting (UFPF) analysis, eight strains of P. edulis were divided into two groups. We conducted fundamental research on mycelial growth and sawdust cultivation to understand the cultural characteristics of eight wild P. edulis strains collected from Korean forests. All strains showed faster and denser mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) than on other media (malt extract agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar). Optimal conditions for mycelial growth were: $20^{\circ}C$ on PDA, $25^{\circ}C$ on potato dextrose broth (PDB), and pH 5~8 on PDB at $25^{\circ}C$. Two strains (NIFoS 2407, 3993) were selected as excellent strains based on mycelial growth and density on PDA. NIFoS 2792 showed high cellulase activities on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar, and NIFoS 2387 and 2804 exhibited high laccase activities on ABTS-containing agar media. The mycelial growth of P. edulis was the fastest on Quercus acutissima and Q. mongolica sawdust media, and mycelial density was the highest on Quercus spp. sawdust-containing media. Sawdust cultivation of P. edulis was successful. The conditions were 80~85 days of cultivation period after spawn inoculation, 10~11 days for primordial formation at $17{\sim}18^{\circ}C$, and 15~20 days for fruiting growth. NIFoS 2804 and 3993 were selected as good strains in terms of cultivation period and mushroom production. These results could be useful for the artificial cultivation of P. edulis.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.959-968
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• 2016

In this study, the Delphi Method was conducted to extract variables as effects of integrated education. Forty-six experts engaged in both the integrated education and research fields participated in this study. The Delphi survey was conducted for three rounds. In the first round, an open questionnaire was given asking variables possibly considered as effects of integrated education. In the second round, variables induced from analysis of the first survey results were given and the degree of agreement for each variable was determined according to the Likert scale. In the third round of the survey, mean, standard deviation, and the first and third quartile calculated using the results of the second survey were given to experts to determine their degree of assent. In addition, categories for variables were suggested. The degree of agreement for appropriateness of categorization and relative importance were determined As a result, a total of 18 variables were chosen except for career awareness. They were categorized according to their definition and properties into five categories: 'creativity' (flexible thinking, associative thinking, intuitive thinking, creative thinking), 'problem solving' (meta-cognition, problem recognition and solving, critical thinking, decision making ability, ability of knowledge application, knowledge and information processing skills), 'integrative perception and sensitivity' (concern and interest in various disciplines, understanding and acceptance of difference, integrative thinking), 'interpersonal relations' (communication skills, cooperation), and 'disciplinary literacy' (humanistic imagination, basic knowledge and literacy of each discipline, academic motivation). The degree of agreement was high in variables included in 'creativity' and 'problem solving' categories and the frequency of choosing the importance was high in variables included in 'integrative perception and sensitivity'. The educational implication related to implementation and practice of integrated education were discussed on the basis of results.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.194-204
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• 2006

Background : Even though tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public concern in Korea, there is little data on the management of TB patients and its outcomes in the private sector. This study evaluated the status of TB treatment in the private sector. Methods : Sixteen-hundred-sixty-six TB patients who were notified in a private university hospital from 2001 to 2002 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into pulmonary ($TB_P$), extrapulmonary ($TB_E$), and combined ($TB_{P+E}$) groups, and were also divided into initial and retreatment groups. The clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatment regimens, and outcomes were analyzed and compared. Results : The mean age of the 1,666 patients was 48.9 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1. The number of patients in the initial and retreatment groups of $TB_P$, and those of ($TB_E+TB_{P+E}$) were 809, 276, 480, 101, respectively. A bacteriological study was performed in 92.0% of cases, and a positive culture was confirmed in 58.1% and 31.7% of patients with TBP and ($TB_E+TB_{P+E}$), respectively (p<0.05). The AFB smear was positive in 45.4 % of the $TB_P$ patients. PCR was carried out in 60.4% of the ($TB_E+TB_{P+E}$) group. The MDR was detected in 14.0% of isolates. Overall, the treatment completion, default, and death rates were 70.2%, 13.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Conclusion : Even though the management of TB patients in a private hospital was satisfactory in terms of the national guidelines, the high default rate was is still a problem. Efforts to decrease the default rate either independently or in cooperation with the public sector will be needed.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.98-108
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• 2013

The number of Hi-Pass lanes became 793 lanes at 316 expressway tollgates in 2011 due to the increase in the Hi-Pass use. In spite of the increase in the number of Hi-Pass lanes, there have been increased potential risks in tollgates where vehicles using a Hi-Pass lane must weave with other vehicles using a TCS lane. Therefore, there is a need for study on the safety in tollgates. To this end, this study aims at developing a methodology to evaluate the performance measures of diverse location countermeasures of Hi-Pass lanes in an efficient and systematic way. This study measured the mobility, safety and the convenience of installation and operation of Hi-Pass lanes using a microscopic traffic simulation tool, the surrogate safety assessment model and survey. In addition, this study aggregated the above three performance indexes using weight factors estimated using the AHP technique. For the test site, Dongsuwon interchange was selected. After building the microscopic traffic simulation model for the test site, the location countermeasures of Hi-Pass lanes applicable to the test site were compared with each other in terms of the mobility, safety and installing and operating convenience. As a result, there has been no apparent difference in mobility index based on delays. However, the countermeasures where Hi-Pass lanes are located in inside lanes generally showed better safety performance based on the number of conflicts. In addition, countermeasures with neighboring Hi-Pass lanes were favorable in terms of the safety and the convenience of installation and operation. The methodology proposed in this study was found to be useful to support decision makings by providing critical and quantitative information regarding the mobility, safety and the convenience of installation and operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1592-1599
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• 2013

Despite numerous studies regarding overweight or obese children, only a limited number of studies have investigated the effect of underweight. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of underweight among school-aged children. A total of 493 students (86 underweight and 407 normal weight students) aged 11 to 13 years were included in our study. Socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, health information, self-perception of weight, weight-control efforts and birth-related information were collected by using survey questionnaires for children and parents. Dietary information was obtained by two 24-hour food records, which were completed by both children and their parents. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in girls than boys, and the frequency of medical treatment and flu symptoms were higher in underweight children than normal ones. Overall, girls tended to overestimate their own weight; this misclassification was greater among underweight girls. Birthweight was positively correlated with current weight (P<0.05) and height (P<0.01) in girls, but these correlations were not seen in boys. In conclusion, underweight girls had inappropriate self-perception of weight, and underweight in girls may be related with birthweight and inadequate dietary intakes. Therefore, it is important to build a well-designed framework that integrates efforts of home, school, and community to maintain a healthy weight with balanced diet and exercise throughout the lifetime.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2013

Microbial community analysis was performed on Tarak, a traditional Korean fermented milk product, by 16S rDNA cloning and pyrosequencing to obtain basic data for the standardization and systematization of the Tarak manufacturing process. Microbial analysis of the prokaryotic community revealed a slight difference in microbial abundance between Bontarak (n) and Tarak (n+1), but Firmicute was dominant at the phylum level. At the genus level, the Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc genera constituted over 90% of the population in Bontarak, but Lactococcus was the dominant genus in Tarak. Bontarak and Tarak showed further differences at the species level. Leuconostoc citreum was the dominant species in Bontarak, constituting 40% of the population. In eukaryotic community analysis, all samples were composed of Ascomycota at the phylum level. At the genus level, Saccharomyces was dominant in Bontarak (85% of the population), while Issatchenkia was dominant in Tarak (95% of the population). At the species level, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was detected at a relative abundance in Bontarak (82%), and Pichia kudriavzevii was the dominant species in Tarak, with a relative abundance of 95%. Sensory evaluation indicated that Tarak had a better appearance and texture than Bontarak. As sweetness was not significantly different between the two samples just slightly higher in Tarak, this was likely due to a significant decrease in sourness in Tarak. These results suggest that the microbial community used affects the quality of Tarak produced. Thus, a stable microbial community must be maintained for the production of Tarak with consistent quality.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2016

Purpose Recent retrospective studies are being actively conducted to analyze the survival of patients with SUVmax, MTV, TLG, such as information from a variety of PET originating. However, there is no clear way is difficult to accurately measure the volume of the tumor may be the difference between the caster is raised. In this study, to evaluate compare the volume measuring methods according to the characteristics of the tumor. Materials and Methods 18F-saline to fill the NEMA IEC Body Phantom insert the volume of balance and imbalance in phantom were acquired to the Biograph truepoint 40 (Siemens medical system, Germany) PET/CT scanner. The ratio of the volume and Background was acquired as 3.0, 5.0, 8.0, 18, 40. Clinical patients were randomly selected 120 people in staging patients with cancer of the digestive system from the year 2010 until the year 2014. Measurement methods were used a 40% threshold, 50% threshold and gradient segmentation technique, i.e. PET EDGE. Five years of experience of the two radio-technologist and one doctor was measured by repeated three times. Analysis methods were Intraclass correlation coefficient and Pearson correlation. Results In Phantoms, the 40% threshold method gave the best concordance between measured and actual volumes (r = 0.992, 0.997). In clinical patient outcome agreement between observers EDGE it is as high as 0.999 (CI: 0.998-0.999). And there were no statistical significance of the difference between the measurements (P = 0.620). 40% threshold method showed the best correlation between the measurements (r = 0.953). Increasing the ratio of tumor to background decreased the influence of a measuring method. Conclusion How to measure volume of the tumor in the patient was clinically most useful is 50% and the lowest impact on the characteristics of the tumor. Therefore, to reduce the background of the patients in PET/CT scan, it should be required research and effort.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to know whether or not any wrongful description or simple errors were in photosynthesis unit of Biology II textbook under 7th national curriculum and if so, to know whether or not high school teachers recognized and corrected properly the mistakes. The mistakes in photosynthesis unit of text books were determined by the comparison with several reference books and through examination by three plant physiologists in 8 different Biology II textbooks. After the mistakes were analysed, the survey using contents of textbook containing the mistakes was conducted on high school teachers teaching Biology II. As a result, 48 mistakes were determined in 13 subjects. As many as four mistakes were found even in one subject in a certain textbook and a same mistake was found repeatedly in several textbooks. The survey result showed that the teachers who pointed exactly the mistakes out corrected properly, however, the percentage of these ones out of 35 teachers replied to survey was less than 50%. The ratios of correction out of total number of responses were high in question #6 (43%), #4-3 (40%), and #1-2 (32%) which were containing a simple mistake in graph, a wrong word and a wrong picture, respectively. But, no one pointed out and made correction in question #5-1 and #5-2 which were containing Z scheme of light reaction without the legend of vertical axis that should be explained as electron energy or standard reduction potential. The result indicates the possibility that the mistakes in photosynthesis unit of Biology II textbook can be corrected and teached properly by teachers may be low. In order to reduce the possibility that students may have misconceptions about photosynthesis, the list of print's errors should be provided to the teachers and/or the training program and/or workshop for in-service high school biology teachers was recommended.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.205-210
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• 2006

Purpose: FDG uptake on positron omission tomography (PET) has been considered a prognostic indicator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of maximum value of SUV (maxSUV) in recurrence prediction in patients with surgically resected NSCLC. Materials & methods: NSCLC patients (n=42, F:M =14:28, age $62.3{\pm}12.3$ y) who underwent curative resection after FDG-PET were enrolled. Twenty-nine patients had pathologic stage 1, and 13 had pathologic stage II. Thirty-one patients were additionally treated with adjuvant oral chemotherapy. MaxSUVs of primary tumors were analyzed for correlation with tumor recurrence and compared with pathologic or clinical prognostic indicators. The median follow-up duration was 16 mo (range, 3-26 mo). Results: Ten (23.8%) of the 42 patients experienced recurrence during a median follow-up of 7.5 mo (range, 3-13 mo). Univariate analysis revealed that disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly correlated with maxSUV (<7 vs. $\geq7$, p=0.006), tumor size (<3 cm vs. $\geq3$ cm, p=0.024), and tumor tell differentiation (well/moderate vs. poor, p=0.044). However, multivariate Cox proportional analysis identified maxSUV as the single determinant for DFS (p=0.014). Patients with a maxSUV of $\geq7$(n=10) had a significantly lower 1-year DFS rate (50.0%) than those with a maxSUV of <7 (n=32, 87.5%). Conclusion: MaxSUV is a significant independent predictor for recurrence in surgically resected NSCLC. FDG uptake can be added to other well-known factors in prognosis prediction of NSCLC.