• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2002

This paper develops a finite element model for crashworthiness analysis ova small-sized bus. The full vehicle finite element model is composed of 31,982 shell elements,599 beam elements,42 bar elements, and 34,204 nodes. The model uses four material models (such as elastic, elastic-plastic(steel), rigid. and elastic-plastic (rubber) material model) of PAM-CRASH. The model uses four contact types to define sliding interfaces in ten areas. A frontal crash test using an actual vehicle with 30mph velocity to a rigid barrier is carried out. Vehicle pulses at lower part of left and right b-pillar are measured, and deformed shapes of frame and driver seat's lower left area are photographed. A frontal crash simulation using the developed full vehicle finite element model is performed with PAM-CRASH installed in super computer SP2. The simulation is performed with the same conditions as the test. The measured vehicle pulses and photographed deformed shapes from the test are compared to ones from the simulation to validate the reliability of the developed model.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2013

The estimation of occupant injury risk at crash accident is one of the most important assessments for the vehicle crashworthiness performance. The design of safety devices such as occupant restraining system also depend on the kinematics of occupant and its injury risk. The real world in-depth accident investigation provides detailed and realistic information of vehicle damage and occupant injury as well as the accident conditions. This paper introduces a statistical analysis of NASS/CDS database and domestic accident data to correlate speed change, vehicle damage extend, and occupant injury at frontal crash. The maximum crush extend shows a linear relationship with the effective impact speed. The injury risks of the occupant with and without restraining were also respectively quantified with the crush extend. This result can be effectively used for the emergent rescue of crash victims with automatic crash notification system.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 AEB(Autonomous Emergency Braking)가 장착된 승용차의 차대보행자 충돌상황에 관한 AEB의 기능을 평가하는 실험을 실시하였다. 실차 실험은 2017년식 3,000cc 차량을 대상으로 약 30~60km/h의 속도에서 보행자 정면 및 측면 충돌 시나리오를 설정하여 수행되었다. 실험 결과, AEB가 장착된 차량은 약 30km/h 속도로 주행시 모든 실험조건에서 AEB가 작동하여 보행자 더미를 충돌하기 전에 정지하였다. 그러나 약 40~60km/h의 속도에서는 모든 실험조건에서 실험차량의 AEB 작동으로 속도는 감소되었으나 보행자 더미와는 충돌하였다. 이러한 속도 변화에 대한 paired t-test를 실시한 결과, 유의확률 0.05에서 AEB에 따른 속도차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 AEB의 속도 감소 폭은 차량실험 시나리오별로 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로부터, 현재의 AEB는 차량 속도가 30km/h에서는 보행자와의 충돌을 예방할 수 있으나, 40~60km/h 속도에서는 차량 감속을 통한 보행자의 상해정도는 경감시킬 수 있으나 보행자와의 충돌을 피할 수 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2010

Currently various safety tests are being performed in many countries with growing interest in vehicle safety. However the vehicles which have good safety performance in these tests could not secure the good performance in real car to car accident. So new test protocol using progressive deformable barrier (PDB) was proposed by EEVC in Europe, NHTSA in USA and some vehicle manufacturers, etc. The target of PDB test is to control partner protection in addition to self-protection on the same test. The proposal is to update current ECE R.94 frontal ODB test. So barrier, impact speed, overlap are changed to avoid bottoming-out in the test configuration. In this paper 3 different tests (R.94, EuroNCAP and PDB test) were carried out using current production vehicles with same structure. The results of these tests were compared to understand PDB test. As a result PDB test shows the highest vehicle deceleration and dummy injury because PDB offers a progressive increase in stiffness in depth and height. However vehicle intrusion was affected with rather test velocity than stiffness of deformable barrier. PDB deformation data is used for partner protection assessment using PDB software and it shows that the test vehicle is rather not aggressive.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2004

In the proto design stage of a new car, the performances of an occupant protection system can be evaluated by CAE even though the real test should be carried out. The number of the real test is reduced by the exact predictions followed by the appropriate design recommendation. However, the existing researches using CAE in predicting the performances do not consider the uncertainties of parameters. That often leads to inconsistency between test and CAE. In this research, the robust design of a protection system such as airbag and load limiter is suggested considering the frontal crash. The parameter design scheme of the Taguchi method is introduced to obtain the robust design of arbitrary airbag and load limiter. It is performed based on the frontal crash test condition of US-NCAP with an arbitrary passenger car. The variances of the performances such as HIC, chest acceleration and probability of combined injury are calculated by the outer array and the Taylor series expansion. Through the analysis of the Taguchi method, the robust optimum is determined.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2010년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.601-607
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• 2010

비신호교차로 사고를 대상으로 신호기 운영방법과 차로폭에 따른 고령운전자 교통사고 특성을 파악하기 강화군, 무주군, 원주시, 보령시의 3년간(2007년-2009년) 교통사고 데이터를 사용하여 일반운전자와 고령운전자의 사고를 비교, 분석하였다. 그 결과, 고령운전자 교차로 교통사고는 점멸신호기로 운영되는 교차로사고는 일반운전자보다 다소 높았으며, 정면충돌사고 일반운전자 사고의 8배나가 높게 나타났다. 또한 고령운전자 교차로 교통사고는 차로폭이 6m초과 13m이하의 교차로에서 41.0%가 발생하여 왕복 3-4차로에서의 교차로에서 고령운전자의 교통사고 발생률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 고령운전자의 교차로 교통사고 예방을 위해서는 6m초과 13m이하의 도로에 대한 대책이 마련되어야 할 것이며, 점멸신호기로 운영되는 교차로에 대한 점검이 필요하다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2012

Prasad and Mertz published head injury risk curves for skull fracture and for Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ${\geq}4$ brain injury due to forehead impacts based on the 15 ms HIC criterion. KNCAP adopted the HIC36 criterion for the male dummy and the HIC15 criterion for the female dummy. In this paper, it was studied that which of the HIC15 and HIC36 was more effective for the male dummy head injury evaluation. The frontal US-NCAP data for the 7 vehicles from the NHTSA test database were used to evaluate the head injuries. In the case of using the HIC15 and evaluation range 250~700, the discrimination of the rating for the occupant head injury was increased.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2014

Front side member of the front impacted vehicle plays a key role in minimizing the impacting load transferred to the compartment. To perform that required function, axial collapse should be dominant during side member crashing and, prior to designing side member, it is crucial to minimize bending moment occurred at the front end. In this study, for FE model of a SUV front body, front impact analyses were carried to find out bumper stay design which effectively develope axial collapse in the side member. As a previous work, the thickness of side member reinforcement were changed. Next, the inner thickness of bumper stay was increased. Also, the bead shape and location were modified. Final front body model showed much more axial collapsed mode and enhanced crash performance. In addition, a stay of octagon section was adopted and that model exhibited distinctive increase in impact energy absorption.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.314-314
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• 2000

This study deals with the analysis of the effectiveness of a safer belt in frontal crash. ATB, Articulated Total Body, program is used as a dynamics solver of the occupant model. ATB is a public code, however, the program is somewhat cumbersome to use due to lack of sufficient user interface. A preprocessor and a postprocessor are, therefore, developed for a user friendly graphic interface in Windows environment. Dialog boxes are used for an interface with GEBOD, Generator of Body Data, for human anthropometry and with ADAMS for vehicle dynamics. It is found through three test simulations that simulated results are in good agreement with those obtained by ATB. The effect of the initial slack of safety belt is investigated for frontal crash using the developed program.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2017

In order to improve occupant protection in frontal crash, the IIHS introduced a small overlap frontal crash test in 2012. When the front corner of a car collides with another car or object, such as utility pole the test replicated the sequence of events. Because occupants move simultaneously forward and toward the side of the vehicle this test is challenging for some airbag and safety belt designs. In the small overlap frontal test, a car travels at 64 km/h toward a rigid barrier. A hybrid III dummy is positioned in the driver seat. 25% of the total width of the car strikes the barrier on the driver side. After review of small overlap frontal test protocol and overall rating, six run-throughs were performed according to the original test method.