• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2021

This study aims to review the trends of the population outflows in the metropolitan area of Busan and to investigate the factors that affect population out-migration to the Seoul metropolitan area. The following variables are considered for analysis: traditional population movement variables and quality of life variables, such as population, society, employment, housing, culture, safety, medical care, greenery, education, and childcare. The 'domestic population movement data', provided by the MDIS of the National Statistical Office, was used for this research. Out of the total of 57 million population movement data in the period 2012 - 2017, population outmigration from Busan to the Seoul metropolitan area was extracted. Independent variables were drawn from public data sources in accordance with the temporal and spatial settings of the study. The multiple linear regression model was specified based on the dataset, and the fit of the model was measured by the p-value, and the values of Adjusted R2, Durbin-Watson analysis, and F-statistics. The results of the analysis showed that the variables that have a significant effect on population movement from Busan to the Seoul metropolitan area were as follows: 'single-person households', 'the elderly population', 'the total birth rate', 'the number of companies', 'the number of employees', 'the housing sales price index', 'cultural facilities', and 'the number of students per teacher'. More positive (+) influences of the population out-movement were observed in areas with higher numbers of single-person households, lowers proportions of the elderly, lower numbers of businesses, higher numbers of employees, higher numbers of housing sales, lower numbers of cultural facilities, and lower numbers of students. The findings suggest that policies should enhance the environments such as quality jobs, culture, and welfare that can retain young people within Busan. Improvements in the quality of life and job creation are critical factors that can mitigate the outflows of the Busan residents to the Seoul metropolitan area.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.337-357
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• 2021

Because the growth of paddy rice is affected by meteorological factors, the selection of appropriate meteorological variables is essential to build a rice yield prediction model. This paper examines the suitability of multiple meteorological datasets for the rice yield modeling in South Korea, 1996-2019, and a hindcast experiment for rice yield using a machine learning method by considering the nonlinear relationships between meteorological variables and the rice yield. In addition to the ASOS in-situ observations, we used CRU-JRA ver. 2.1 and ERA5 reanalysis. From the multiple meteorological datasets, we extracted the four common variables (air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and precipitation) and analyzed the characteristics of each data and the associations with rice yields. CRU-JRA ver. 2.1 showed an overall agreement with the other datasets. While relative humidity had a rare relationship with rice yields, solar radiation showed a somewhat high correlation with rice yields. Using the air temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation of July, August, and September, we built a random forest model for the hindcast experiments of rice yields. The model with CRU-JRA ver. 2.1 showed the best performance with a correlation coefficient of 0.772. The solar radiation in the prediction model had the most significant importance among the variables, which is in accordance with the generic agricultural knowledge. This paper has an implication for selecting from multiple meteorological datasets for rice yield modeling.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.188-195
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the growth and quality characteristics of melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars and the irrigation requirements for cultivars. In our previous study in 2019, twelve melon cultivars including 'Dalgona' were examined for their cultivar characteristics under the same irrigation condition for all cultivars, and sorted into several groups based on different growth condition; for the internode length (from 0 to 20th node), leaf area, and fruit weight, 'Kingstar' belonged to the largest group, 'Worldstar' the middle group, and 'Dalgona' the smallest group. After analyzing the results of the previous experiment, 'Dalgona', 'Worldstar', 'Kingstar', and 'Rubyball' were selected as test cultivars for the growth group in 2020, and irrigated according to different irrigation levels for each cultivar. The control of the irrigation volume for each melon cultivar by monitoring the drainage rate during the cultivation periods showed that all four cultivars required a similar amount of irrigation in the 'early growth' stage where crops grew at about the same rate. From 'flowering time', however, the change in irrigation requirements showed a similar tendency for 'Worldstar' and 'Kingstar' and for 'Rubyball' and 'Dalgona' respectively. A sudden change in each irrigation volume was observed from the fruit set; 'Dalgona' began first to decline and 'Rubyball' was second, followed by 'Worldstar' and 'Kingstar'. In conclusion, the irrigation volume was the largest in 'Kingstar', followed by 'Worldstar', 'Rubyball', and 'Dalgona' in the same order as the growing amount of plant length, leaf area, and fruit weight. Therefore, it is necessary to control exactly the irrigation volume by reflecting the unique growth characteristics of each cultivar for the production of high-quality fruit in melon hydroponics, and especially to use great care when different cultivars are cultivated together.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.77-94
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional characteristics of mesiodens using Cone-beam Computed Tomography(CBCT) and analyze the factors affecting complications and anesthetic methods of extraction. This study evaluated 602 mesiodens of 452 patients who underwent extraction of mesiodens at the department of Pediatric Dentistry in Seoul National University Dental Hospital between 2017 and 2019. The ratio of mesiodens patients over total patient per year was gradually increased over the past 20 years. Mesiodens with labio-palatally horizontal direction while root directing labial were the most common among the mesiodens with horizontal direction. Mesiodens were the most common at the cervical side of the adjacent teeth(37.0%) and mesiodens located in the near-palatal side were observed about 3.83 times higher than the far-palatal side. Most of the mesiodens(82.1%) were in contact with adjacent permanent teeth on all three sides of the CBCT and 46.2% of mesiodens had curved roots. The patient's age, vertical position, presence of complications, and proximity showed a significant difference in the selection of general anesthesia among anesthetic methods. The direction and vertical position of mesiodens had a significant effect on complications. These results provide a better understanding of mesiodens for establishing an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.569-577
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• 2018

Purpose : The study looked at how effective each group wearing MyoVison lens, MC lens, and Single Vision lensdepending on their parents' myopia condition. Methods : The study observed the changeof spherical equivalent among customers, who visited between January 2010 and December 2016,of an optical shop in Incheon Metropolitan City. And we observed MyoVision 152 eyes, MC Lens 86 eyes and Single Vision lens 270 eyes. This study was conducted using SPSS ver18, which analyzes the changes in average values of MyoVision, MC Lens, and Single Vision for a year.In each group, the differences in the group were compared using the Paired T-test and then one-way ANOVA (post-hoc; Bonferroni) Results : Group-to-group comparisons showed that MyoVision and MC Lens have a shorterinhibition than Single Vision. In particular, MyoVisionand MC Lens showed different relief effects depending on the degree of refraction of parents.When both parents had normal refractive, the change between MyoVision and Single Vision lens was $-0.35{\pm}0.05D$. When the father had a refraction MC lens were $-0.36{\pm}0.14D$ more effective than Single Vision. When only the mother had refraction, the mean value between MyoVision and Single Vision lens was $-0.37{\pm}0.06D$, and the mean between MC lens and Single Vision lens was $-0.38{\pm}0.08D$. And when both parents had refraction problems, the mean value change between MyoVision and Single Vision lens was $-0.28{\pm}0.07D$, and $-0.31{\pm}0.07D$, respectively. Conclusion : MyoVision and MC Lens appeared to have no effect on the functions of mitigating myopia in within group comparisons, but MyoVision and MC Lens showed reducing myopia than Single Vision in between group.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.36
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• pp.505-530
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of learning methods for education to transmit the items designated as intangible cultural heritages focusing on Seoul-gut. Recently, as the Act on the Preservation and Promotion of Intangible Cultural Heritages was promulgated, 'the archetype' instead of 'the prototype' has become highlighted as a crucial axis for transmission. Although there are some controversies over the definition of the archetype among scholars, it is now possible for transmitters to make use of transformations rather freely being freed from strict orientation to the prototype to follow some fixed frame. Examining learning methods used in education to transmit mudang-gut, one of the items designated as intangible cultural heritages, however, this author has found that the prototype is still emphasized or in the center of learning instead. Presenting learning methods employed for Hwanghaedopyeongsansonoreum-gut of a national intangible cultural heritage, Namijanggunsadang-gut of Seoul Special City's intangible cultural heritage, and Bonghwasandodang-gut as examples, this researcher intends to reveal the reality. In the recent situation that education centering around academies is being widely spread to transmit mudang-gut, setting forth the designation of some of the items as intangible cultural heritages, they are publishing articles on newspaper as an advertisement to encourage learning about mudang-gut. Responding to the advertisement, there are more and more shamans intending to learn mudang-gut coming to the society for preserving items designated as intangible cultural heritages. They can, of course, perform mudang-gut on their own but come to learn it as there is no fixed or definite system for it. Even though the concept of the archetype was introduced, as now it is possible to learn the fixed frame through learning about the prototype regarding the item of mudang-gut as an intangible cultural heritage, those involved in shamanism are coming to it more and more. As transmitting the prototype rather deteriorated the liveliness of gut, those involved in shamanism are coming to it to learn about gut thinking that it is where they can learn the basic frame and also acquire more detailed knowledge about shamanism. Therefore, it is needed for the item of mudang-gut designated as an intangible cultural heritage to accept the aspects of change and develop new methods of education to transmit intangible cultural heritages.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.47
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• pp.191-216
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• 2017

Among 20th century Western ideologies (Western civilization), existentialism is a spirit of the times to restore humanity as rationality and advanced technology have driven mankind to impoverishment and death, experiencing the First and Second World War, Great Depression, Fascism and the Spanish Civil War. In his literature, $Andr{\acute{e}}$ Malraux records his existential agony of how mankind lives and faces death by questioning the fateful life and death of characters. For Malraux's characters, the absurdity of existence related to the human identity means self-examination. Malraux explores existential consciousness and actions of characters in the presence of a concept known as death relative to terror, revolution, and adventure. Malraux deftly addresses the concept of death in his literary works, and it has being emphasized as a central subject for philosophical speculation. In Les $Conqu{\acute{e}}rants$(1928), La Voie Royale(1930), La Condition Humaine (1933), L'Espoir(1937), Malraux suggested a philosophical thesis of the meaning of life through characters in tragic situations, and sought out the consciousness of being and the existential meaning through how the characters control their fate. Malraux, in such a tragic perspective of the world, portrays humanity, affirmation of life, and characters' consciousness and actions in denying death. The agony of death triggers escapist behavior such as having unpredictable instinctual desires such as gambling or smoking opium, but these are desperate struggles to flee from frustration and related to the question of one's existence. What is always emphasized with respect to Malraux's existentialism is the tragic metaphysics of the inevitable destiny of the human condition eventually leading to the question of how humans ultimately confront death. But as characters unite in times of war, revolution and adventure in the novel, such cooperative actions symbolizes a keen sense of solidarity reflecting a camaraderie that transcends individualism. Fellowship among people who voluntarily gather for the common cause of philanthropy and restoring humanity is possible because of the underlying human greatness to sacrifice for such a noble cause. Therefore, Malraux's camaraderie includes the victory of existentialism in creating a world of humanism.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.48
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• pp.289-323
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• 2017

L'Espoir, a novel by Andre Malraux, contains traits of the genre of literacy reportage that depicts the full account of the Spanish Civil War as non-fiction based on his personal experience of participating in war; the novel has been dramatized into a semi-documentary film that corresponds to reportage literature. A semi-documentary film is the genre of film that pursues realistic illustration of social incidents or phenomenon. Despite difference in types of genre of the novel and the film L'Espoir, such creative activities deserve close relevance and considerable narrative connectivity. Therefore, $G{\acute{e}}rard$ Genette's narrative discourse of novel and film based on narrative theory carries value of research. Every kind of story, in a narrative message, has duplicate times in which story time and discourse time are different. This is because, in a narrative message, one event may occur before or later than another, told lengthily or concisely, and aroused once or repeatedly. Accordingly, analyzing differing timeliness of the actual event occurring and of recording that event is in terms of order, duration, and frequency. Since timeliness of order, duration, and frequency indicates dramatic pace that controls the passage of a story, it appears as an editorial notion in the novel and the film L'Espoir. It is an aesthetic discourse raising curiosity and shock, the correspondence of time in arranging, summarizing, deleting the story. In addition, Genette mentions notions of speech and voice to clearly distinguish position and focalization of a narrator or a speaker in text. The necessity to discriminate 'who speaks' and 'who sees' comes from difference in views of the narrator of text and the text. The matter of 'who speaks' is about who portrays narrator of the story. However, 'who sees' is related to from whose stance the story is being narrated. In the novel L'Espoir, change of focalization was ushered through zero focalization and internal focalization, and pertains to the multicamera in the film. Also, the frame story was commonly taken as metadiegetic type of voice in both film and novel of L'Espoir. In sum, narrative discourse in the novel and the film L'Espoir is the dimension of story communication among text, the narrator, and recipient.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.48
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• pp.361-389
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• 2017

This essay examines 'precarity politics' by Judith Butler, a well-known gender theorist and queer philosopher, in Notes Towards a Performative Theory of Assembly (2015) focused on concepts as unchosen cohabitation of Hannah Arendt and unwilled proximity of Emmanuel Levinas. Butler's precarity politics is the condition of our dispossessed political beings with fundamental vulnerability and interdependency that cannot choose with whom we will live on this Earth. Butler's political ethics is twofold: on one hand, she examines significance of 'action'' the most significant vita activa in the public area, and 'plurality'' the condition-not only the necessary condition but the possible condition-for a political life suggested by Hannah Arendt in Human Condition; on the other hand, Butler reflects upon global precarity based on a diasporic precarious life in the social world towards freedom and equality. Unchosen cohabitation of plural humans on Earth, and global pervasion of precarity, that indicates "politically induced condition in which certain populations suffer from failing social and economic networks of support and become differentially exposed to injury, violence, and death," so called "differential distribution of precariousness," are practical possibilities of ethical and equal cohabitation of different ethnic groups in the social world. Ethical obligations or ethical demand to respond to others' suffering in distance and proximity originated from precarity politics, mentioned in Precarious Life, Parting Ways, and Frames of War, could be non-foundational joint of plural people living together globally. We should presume the 'reversibility' of distance and proximity in others' suffering, based on responsiveness and responsibility of others, if we want to stay attuned to the pain of others we never chose to live together. That is the significance of Butler's 'precarity politics' with 'ethical obligation' to accept 'unchosen plurality' of living population on Earth, and 'reversibility between of distance and proximity,' in her 'new plural and embodied body politics' or 'new corporeal ontology', through human primary vulnerability, fundamental interdependency, being exposed and responsive to suffering of others.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.130
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• pp.219-246
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• 2014

Do the particular good and the common good stand in relation of opposition or superiority each other? With regard to this question, some argue that the relevant Thomas texts reveal the superiority of the common good over the particular good, while others argue for the superiority of the particular good. The argument of this articles is, however, that closer examination of texts shows that Thomas Aquinas seeks to the unity of the common good and the particular good instead of seeing the conflict between them. It is true that Thomist moral and political theory emphasizes the value of the individual, but it should be noted that for Thomas the individual as individual does not exist, but shares specific formal determination with other members of the same species and, therefore, is the individualized, concrete universal. Good, meanwhile, means perfection which each being pursues and a thing is called good in the absolute sense when it actualizes its potentialities as a whole. An individual person is said to pursue only partial good, if it only seeks its perfection as an individual. The nature of individual person should be fully realized only in and through the community pursuing the common good. But the aim of living together which is rooted in the nature of human being as a rational being is for its members to live virtuously. The political community is said to try to bring its individual members to perfection, since the virtues are what renders human beings and their acts good. In this sense the particular good of the individual person is achieved through the pursuit of the common good and the common good is realized through the pursuit of the particular good so that they coincide each other. But this unity remains imperfect, when it would not be rightly ordered to its due end which is non other than the highest good, that is God. Accordingly the goodness of the human being in an absolute sense lies in the unity of the particular good and the common good rightly oriented towards the highest good, which is also called common good which every being pursues.