• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.183-192
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• 1993

A transmission electron microscopic study was performed to observe the ultrastructures of the male germinal cells and spermatozoa of Fibricola seoulensis. Spermatogonia were found in the periphery of the testis and characterized by large nuclei and comparatively little cytoplasms. Spermatocytes contained an oval to spherical nucleus. Their nuclear volume was little larger in comparative to that of cytoplasm, and the chromatin was comparatively little. The early spermatids were characterized by a great amount of cytoplasm, and numerous mitochondria encircled the nucleus. In a more advanced spermatids the electron-dense strands of chromatin appeared in the nucleus, and a pair of rootlet of the axoneme and a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) were observed near the nucleus. The sectioned spermatozoa were found in the testis and the seminal vesicle. Their cross sectional views were divided into 6 types when they were distinguished on the basis of the morphology and components. The spermatozoa of F. seoulensis showed two flagella of 9+1 type axoneme.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2010

To evaluate of oral toxicity of Epimedium koreanum nakai (EKN) water extract, three doses of EKN water extract (10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg/day) were administered to healthy Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. The results showed that there are no abnormal signs during the experimental period. The weights of testis and epididymis were increased dose-dependently, but seminal vesicle was decreased compared with control group. In hematology and serum chemistry, changes were observed within the normal ranges. In histological finding, slight to moderated changes were found but those were commonly or rarely encountered in the normal rats. These results suggest that no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of the oral application of EKN was considered to be more than 1000 mg/kg in SD rats under the conditions employed in this study.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 1984

Two cases of human infection by adult Spirometra erinacei were proved by collection of worms in Korea. The patients were 24 and 21-year old males residing in a mountainous village in Kangwon-do. They had the clinical complaints of abdominal pain and epigastric discomfort, revealing the diphyllobothriid eggs, $53~59{\times}37-42{\mu}m$ in size, in their stools. They were treated with 500 mg atabrine and purgated with magnesium salts, and 3~4 hours later several chains of tapeworm segments were recovered from the diarrheal stools. The recovered worms revealed the morphological characteristics of spiral-form or coiled uteri, separated vaginal opening from the cirrus sac, incorporated seminal vesicle into the cirrus sac, distribution of testes at the junction between proglottides, asymmetrical eggs with one pointed eggs, etc. and were identified as Spirometra erinacei (Rudolphi, 1819). The cases had the history of eating raw flesh of the snakes and these are considered the source of infection.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2001

임신기의 자성 생쥐에 저 농도의 BPA의 투여가 태아의 체중, 태아수 및 성비에 미치는 영향을 검토하고, 태어난 자손의 번식기관무게, 정액성상, 조직검사 및 혈액의 혈구 성분분석등 번식효율과 생리기능에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 실시하였다. 자성 생쥐에 corn oil(대조구), 0.05, 0.5 및 5.0mg BPA/kg b.w의 용량으로 1회 투여하고 투여 당일 날 웅성 생쥐와 교배 시켰으며, 3일 간격으로 5회 투여하였다. 임신기에 BPA의 투여가 웅성 자손의 체중에 미치는 결과는 각각 30.72, 30.80, 29.80 및 26.80g으로 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 체중을 나타냈으며(P<0.05), 정소의 무게는 BPA 투여구가 다소 높은 무게를 나타냈다. 정소상체, 정낭선 및 응고선의 무게는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). BPA의 투여후 태어난 웅성 산자의 총정자수, 생존율, 유효정자수 및 기형율에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이는 없었다. 또한 웅성 산자의 혈구화학치에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, RBC는 BPA 투여구가 각각 10.60, 10.96 및 10.35$\times$$10^{6}$㎣로서 대조구의 9.78$\times$$10^{6}$㎣보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 수치를 나타냈지만(P<0.05), WBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC 및 PLT는 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이는 없었다. 임신기에 BPA의 투여가 자성 산자의 체중에 미치는 결과는 각각 25.56, 25.38, 25.83 및 23.86g으로 5.0mg 투여구가 다소 낮은 체중을 나타냈다. 자궁의 무게는 BPA 투여구가 각각 0.0915, 0.0904 및 0.1016g으로 대조구의 0.0801g에 비해 다소 높은 무게를 나타냈으며, 난소의 무게도 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었다. BPA의 투여가 자성 산자의 혈구화학치에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, WBC는 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구보다 다소 낮은 수치를 나타냈으며, PLT는 BPA 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 수치를 나타냈지만 커다란 차이는 없었다 RBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH 및 MCHC는 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었다. 임신기에 BPA의 투여가 자손의 정소, 난소 및 자궁의 조직, 병리학에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 정소와 난소의 조직에는 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, 자궁에서는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구에서 자궁내막층이 현저하게 증식된 것으로 나타났다.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.283-288
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• 1996

A total of 31 human diphyllobothriasis cases have been reported in Korea. Authors experienced two more human cases of Diphyllobothrium latum infection, especially due to eating raw freshwater trout. Two cases were husband and wife in a famil residing in Chunchon city, Kangwon-do, who raw fish in October 1994. A 43-year old male(husband) was 69kg in body weight and healthy. A worm (6.65m in length; 8-l3mm in width) was expelled from him after, anthelmintic treatment. The second case(wife) was a 39-year old female who weighted 56kg. She complained about gastrointestinal trouble and abdominal discomfort. A worm (5.50m in length; 9-l3mm in width) was Obtained her after anthelmintic treatment. No scolex was collected from the two worms. Two patients were administrated with praziquantel(15mg/kg of body weight) and 15gm of magnesium sulfate as a purgative. Two worms identified as D. latum, .based on the following biological characters: extermal morphologies, coiling of uterus, the number of uterine loops, position of genital opening, morphologies of cirrus and cirrus sac and seminal vesicle on the histological sections, positions of vagina and uterine pore, distribution patterns of vitellaria, and microscopical and SEM morphologies of the egg.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.89-103
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• 2018

A genius "Prince of Mathematician" Gaussian and "Father of Communication" Shannon comes up with the creative idea of motivation to meet each other? The answer is a coin leaf. Gaussian found some creative ideas in the matter of obtaining a sum of 1 to 100. This is the same as the probability distribution curve when a coin leaf is thrown. Shannon extended the Gaussian probability distribution to define the entropy, taking the source symbol and the reciprocal logarithm to obtain the weighted average. These where the genius Gaussian and Shannon meet in the same coin leaf. This paper focuses on this point, and easily proves Gaussian distribution and Shannon entropy. As an application example, we have obtained the capacity and transition probability of Jeongju seminal vesicle, and the Shannon channel capacity is 1 when the equivalent transition probability is 1/2.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2002

Pratylenchus loosi Loof, 1960 is recorded for the first time from Korea. The nematode was isolated from the roots of tea (Thea sinensis L.) and soil around the roots from Yeongam-gun, Jeo-llanam-do and Namjeju-gun, Jeju-do, Korea. This species has two lip annuli. The female is 433-646 $\mu\textrm{m}$ long: a＝ 29.1-37.5, b ＝ 5.1-6.4, c ＝ 15.0-21.3, vulva(%) ＝ 73.0-85.4. The male body length is 408-512$\mu\textrm{m}$ long: a＝36.1-40.0, b＝4.8-6.7, c ＝17.0-19.0, and spicule ＝ 14.1-18.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$. The stylet is 11.6-18.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$ long and the number of incisures is four. The shape of spermatheca filled with sperm is broadly rounded, oval and quadrangular The shape of tail is narrowly round to subacute.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.141-152
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• 1984

Aspergillus niger van Tieghem was cultured by the method of synchronous and submerged culture. Throughout the culture, sporulation was occured. Highly phosphorylated nucleotides in sporulating mycelia were detected to assure whether the eucaryotic Aspergillus niger produce these substances or not during the differentiation. Phosphorylated nucleotides were extracted from the conidiophore, bearing mycelia and spore forming body, these nucleotides were identified by TLC with P.E.I. cellulose. Guanosine tetraphosphate was found in both phialide forming mycelia and spore forming body. The contents of free amino acids were assayed and its level was found to increase at early stage of sporulation. The effects of 8-azaguanine examined, it was found to prevent spore formation and to made abnormal structure. The effects of inosinic monophosphate and guanosine monophosphate on spore formation were examined, spore formation was enhanced by these nucleotides.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.139-142
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop a system of clinical application of reconstructed dose that includes dose reconstruction, reconstructed dose registration between fractions of treatment, and dose-volume-histogram generation and to demonstrate the system on a deformable prostate phantom. To achieve this purpose, a deformable prostate phantom was embedded into a 20 cm-deep and 40 cm-wide water phantom. The phantom was CT scanned and the anatomical models of prostate, seminal vesicles, and rectum were contoured. A coplanar 4-field intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan was used for this study. Organ deformation was simulated by inserting a "transrectal" balloon containing 20 ml of water. A new CT scan was obtained and the deformed structures were contoured. Dose responses in phantoms and electronic portal imaging device (EPID) were calculated by using the XVMC Monte Carlo code. The IMRT plan was delivered to the two phantoms and integrated EPID images were respectively acquired. Dose reconstruction was performed on these images using the calculated responses. The deformed phantom was registered to the original phantom using an in-house developed software based on the Demons algorithm. The transfer matrix for each voxel was obtained and used to correlate the two sets of the reconstructed dose to generate a cumulative reconstructed dose on the original phantom. Forwardly calculated planning dose in the original phantom was compared to the cumulative reconstructed dose from EPID in the original phantom. The prescribed 200 cGy isodose lines showed little difference with respect to the "prostate" and "seminal vesicles", but appreciable difference (3%) was observed at the dose level greater than 210 cGy. In the rectum, the reconstructed dose showed lower volume coverage by a few percent than the plan dose in the dose range of 150 to 200 cGy. Through this study, the system of clinical application of reconstructed dose was successfully developed and demonstrated. The organ deformation simulated in this study resulted in small but observable dose changes in the target and critical structure.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-53
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• 1993

F. moniliforme MRC 826, a common fungal contaminant of com, has been known to produce a group of mycotoxins, the fumonisins. By thin layer chromatography, fumonisin $B_{1}$ was detected in the F. moniliforme MRC 826 com culture material(CM) extracts. This study was performed to compare the toxicity and carcinogenicity of F. moniliforme MRC 826 CM with those of aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$ in rats. The toxicity was tested over a period of 7 days in ten female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Treatment group were fed a 1 : 1 mixture(wt/wt) of ground CM and basal diet in powder form, while other negative control group were given basal diet alone. The principal pathological changes in rats treated with 50% CM were hepatocellular hydropic degeneration and renal tubular necrosis. The cancer-promoting activity of CM was evaluated in the rat liver diethylnitrosamine-two thirds partial hepatectomy(DEN-PH) model for carcinogenesis. 70 male SO rats(ca. 170 g) were randomized into 5 groups. Group I served as the positive controls and received the basal diet containing 2 ppm $AFB_{1}$ group 2 received 5% CM, group 3 received 2.5% CM, group 4 received 5% normal com and group 5 received 2.5% normal com. 5% treated group showed cancer promoting activity in rat liver using DEN as initiator and the induction of glutathione S-transferase placental form positive foci as an end point after 6 weeks of promotion.