• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2017

Among 45 patients of herniation of intervertebral disc with $L_4$ to $L_5$ herniation, who underwent infrared thermography, the number of female was larger than male and the age of 50s was highest. From the results measured from the distribution table, we have confirmed that there was no significant difference depending on sex and age (p> 0.05). The region of the highest ROI temperature for patients with $L_4-L_5$ intervertebral disc prolapse was the back of the posterior right tibia, and followed by the back of the left shin bone-below the front right knee-below the front left knee. There was a significant difference depending on the measured site. The average ROI temperature for patients was $30.30{\pm}0.50$ whereas that for normal persons was $31.20{\pm}0.58$, yielding the temperature difference of $0.66{\pm}0.59$ between the two groups. The ROI of patients was lower than $31.20{\pm}0.58$ (p <0.05) because the significance of the sample, which has been obtained from the results of a sample t-test, was less than 0.05 (p <0.05). From further researches, it may necessary to develope the methodology for correcting data regarding thermal environment and, in addition, to develope a new thermal index based on it. Therefore, we can confirm that pre-treatment for infrared thermography is very important in order to minimize the procedure for correcting data. It is required that radiologists who inspect disc herniations should carefully observe and consider the patients during their measurements.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the heat generation in bone in vitro during the guided flapless drilling procedure and the effect of drilling methods on the heat generation. Materials and methods: A model that has missing the first and second mandibular molars bilaterally was used. In group A, classical flap implant surgery was performed. In group B, flapless implant surgery using surgical guide was performed. In group C, flapless implant surgery using surgical guide without up-and-down pumping motion was performed. Temperature was measured with k-type thermocouple and a real-time digital thermometer. The thermocouples were placed at 0.5 mm away from the osteotomy area at the depths of 3 mm and 6 mm. The measured values were evaluated with independent t-test. Results: The mean temperature generated was $27.2^{\circ}C$ ($SD{\pm}2.1^{\circ}C$) and $27.5^{\circ}C$ ($SD{\pm}2.3^{\circ}C$) for groups A and B, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. In group C, the mean temperature was $37.0^{\circ}C$ ($SD{\pm}3.4^{\circ}C$). There were statistically significant differences between groups B and C with respect to the mean temperature. Conclusion: These findings suggest that guided flapless drilling with up-and-down pumping motion may not significantly increase the bone temperature.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.353-365
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• 2019

A near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction model was set to establish a rapid analysis system of wheat germplasm and provide statistical information on the characteristics of protein contents. The variability index value (VIV) of calibration resources was 0.80, the average protein content was 13.2%, and the content range was from 7.0% to 13.2%. After measuring the near-infrared spectra of calibration resources, the NIRS prediction model was developed through a regression analysis between protein content and spectra data, and then optimized by excluding outliers. The standard error of calibration, R², and the slope of the optimized model were 0.132, 0.997, and 1.000 respectively, and those of external validation results were 0.994, 0.191, and 1.013, respectively. Based on these results, a developed NIRS model could be applied to the rapid analysis of protein in wheat. The distribution of NIRS protein content of 6,794 resources were analyzed using a normal distribution analysis. The VIV was 0.79, the average protein was 12.1%, and the content range of resources accounting for 42.1% and 68% of the total accessions were 10-13% and 9.5-14.6%, respectively. The composition of total resources was classified into breeding line (3,128), landrace (2,705), and variety (961). The VIV in breeding line was 0.80, the protein average was 11.8%, and the contents of 68% of total resources ranged from 9.2% to 14.5%. The VIV in landrace was 0.76, the protein average was 12.1%, and the content range of resources of 68% of total accessions was 9.8-14.4%. The VIV in variety was 0.80, the protein average was 12.8%, and the accessions representing 68% of total resources ranged from 10.2% to 15.4%. These results should be helpful to the related experts of wheat breeding.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2011

This study was conducted to study the environment effects on live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, and marbling score, which are the carcass traits of Hanwoo, based on the estimates and all the possible regression for the selection of variable and significance test for 231,382 heads that underwent the carcass measurements. The average and standard deviation for the live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, and marbling score were 654.79${\pm}$91.61 kg, 362.30${\pm}$67.15 kg, 59.52${\pm}$0.03%, 81.79${\pm}$12.21 $cm^2$, 11.39${\pm}$5.40 mm, 4.38${\pm}$2.29, respectively. The live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, and marbling score for cow were 532.79${\pm}$78.38 kg, 313.40${\pm}$44.90 kg, 56.50${\pm}$0.03%, 75.24${\pm}$10.69 $cm^2$, 11.82${\pm}$5.10 mm, 4.30${\pm}$2.06, respectively, while for bull were 619.74${\pm}$93.27 kg, 376.89${\pm}$48.62 kg, 58.61${\pm}$0.02%, 85.61${\pm}$10.46 $cm^2$, 5.64${\pm}$2.71 mm, 1.41${\pm}$0.83, respectively, and for steer were 681.78${\pm}$70.72 kg, 415.23${\pm}$49.43 kg, 60.19${\pm}$0.02%, 88.29${\pm}$10.27 $cm^2$, 12.71${\pm}$5.23 mm, 5.42${\pm}$1.99, respectively. In the environmental variables selection based on the variables selection method, the examination by carcass traits suggested that the most appropriate model could be determined when five variables were selected for the live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, eye muscle area, and four variables for backfat thickness, and marbling score. When they were considered at a time altogether based on multiple traits, it was deemed to be desirable to insert all five variables into the variables for analysis. In addition, high significance was found by carcass traits.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.429-434
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• 2016

This study was performed in order to identify the relation between bone nineral density and life styles of some of Korean colleage students. A total of 121 college students were assessed through bone mineral density test on femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). The survey about their lifestyles with a self-rating questionnaire, was conducted from September 2014 to November 2014. SPSS 18.0 Program was used for those research data analyses such as the frequency analysis, the cross analysis. The percentage of the osteoporisis, osteopenia and normal groups were 0.0%, 24.8% and 75.2%. BMI, Regular menstrual cycle, Walking and Regular exercise in adolescence were positively related with T-score. But Using time of electronic devices was negative related with T-score. It can be concluded that desirable life style in time of college students and adolescence is important for their bone health. The necessity of preparing guideline for preventing bone disease in old age connected with the school curriculum should be recognized to the public and educational authorities.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2009

Complement of test standard, evaluation methods and models are needed to improve national competitiveness and to exchange superior genetic resources through the comparison of genetic evaluation score among nations in dairy cattle. Therefore, this study was conducted for the application of international standard to Korea considering domestic circumstance by changing linear-classification test score system of 50 classes which is currently used in Korea to system of 9 classes which is used in advanced nations of dairy. 15,230 of holstein cow linear type records with first parity records for the fifteen linear type and one total score from 2001 to 2006 and pedigree data which were collected by the Korean Animal Improvement Association were used in this study. Population classified by 9 levels was more normal distributed than 50 levels. Correlation coefficients between 50 and 9 score system showed over 0.98 by each classification scheme. Therefore, the 50 point system can be substituted with 9 point system due to their highly positive correlation. However, scores in all traits were still very contingent on classifier under the 9 point system (p<0.001), and F values between foot angle and front teat attachment showed high fluctuation depending on classifier. It means that subjective opinions of classifier would influence on linear type score as ever even if class scheme transformed to system of 9 class. Therefore, the relevance of transformation to the 9 point system should be assessed after analyses about various environmental factors.

• Water for future
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.35-52
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• 1981

This study is to evaluate the areal precipitation from the basic data groups of monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfalls over all ma in stations in Korea. The evaluating pocesses are performed through the point and regional frequency analysis from the basic data. The basic data groups are divided into two periods-the first(1916-1944) and the second (1960-1979)-which are compared with each other. In the point frequecny analysis, the variable transformation method is applied to the best fitting distribution, and the normal fittings are established by using the Chisquare test method. In the regional frequency analysis, the geomorphologic factors and hydrometeorological factors are taken into consideration when dividing into five zones and Thiessen method and the Isohyetal method are applied. The results of this study are as follows: 1)The areal precipitation values of the first period are about 70-80mm less than that of the second period for the whole of Korea. Therefore, a new precipitation value of 1180mm is considered more suitable than the value of 1159mm, which has been up till now. 2)As the annual areal precipitiation values areevaluated over the five divide zones, it tis noticed that the difference between the values of the first period and the second is the largest in spring (to the extent of 5 times that in the other seasonas). Thereform it is considered that this result is necessary for the establishment of a timely insurance plan for the water resources. 3)The application of the Isohyetal method through the division of Korea into five zones is considered to be a reasonable procedure in the analysis of areal precipitation.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.323-332
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aims to confirm the educational necessity and utilization of VR media. And it was conducted to prepare basic data necessary for the use of VR in various dental hygiene education in the future and the development of innovative practical training courses. Methods: Before and after using VR in oral radiology practice classes, learning interest (4 items), learning commitment (9 items), learning motivation (5 items), educational media preference (4 items), and satisfaction (10 items) were investigated and analyzed. Friedman two way ANOVA by ran a nonparametric analysis corresponding to repeated measures ANOVA was performed. The statistical significance level was 0.05. Results: It was found that there were statistically significant differences in learning interest, learning immersion, and learning motivation according to the type of oral radiology practice education medium (p<0.05). Conclusions: VR is expected that the use of learning media using VR will lead to students' interest, immersion, and learning motivation in class, and that positive learning effects on VR education media can be sufficiently obtained.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.13
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• pp.1-40
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• 1973

These studies were aimed at clarification of genetic and ecological variation in culm length, panicle length and plant height of the $\textrm{F}_2$ plants in some selected crosses made between semi-dwarf rice varieties and tall Japonica ones. One Indica semi-dwarf, Taichung Native 1, one Indica $\times$ Japonica hybrid, IE51 and one Japonica semi-dwarf, Tankanbaekmang were used as short-gene donors while two of medium maturity varieties, Jinheung and Kwanok and one late veriety, Palkweng were used as the corresponding counterpart of respective dwarf varieties in a series of crosses. Five different crosses, Kwanok $\times$ Tankanbaekmang, Palkweng $\times$ Tankanbaekmang, Jinheung $\times$ T(N)1, Kwanok $\times$ T(N)1 and Kwanok $\times$ IE51, were made among the above six varieties. The $\textrm{F}_2$ plants of these crosses together with the concerned parental varieties were grown under several different conditions including three levels of each nitrogen and planting space, three planting seasons and three locations in 1968, to investigate variation in length of culm and panicle, and plant height. On the other hand, the F$_3$ progenies which were derived from the shortest 10 percent of the plants of three $\textrm{F}_2$ populations, Kwanok $\times$ T(N)1, Jinheung $\times$ T(N) 1 and Kwanok $\times$ IE51 grown in the previous year, were compared each other on the basis of selection efficiency in culm length. The experimental results could be summarized as follows; 1. Genetic behavior A. It was revealed that Tankanbaekmang, one of Japonica dwarf has a simple recessive gene responsible for short culm expression, showing a typical segregation ratio of three tall to one short culm plants in $\textrm{F}_2$ generation of the crosses either with Kwanok or Palkweng. B. In the both combinations, segregation pattern of the panicle length was exactly same as that of culm length. It seems that the same gene controls both culm length and panicle length. C. No difference between segregation of culm length and plant height in the above crosses was observed. D. T(N)1, one of Indica semi-dwarf did not show such a simple genetic behavior as detected from the crosses with Tankanbaekmang in segregation of culm length but formed a continuous and normal distribution curve. Therefore, some nonallelic genic actions might be involved in expression of culm length of the counterpart varieties of T(N)1. In particular, a transgressive segregation appeared toward the direction of longer culm length in case of Jinheung $\times$ T(N)1. The genetic behavior of panicle length and plant height generally coincided with that of culm length in all the cases. E. IE51 demonstrated exactly the same genetic behavior as that of T(N)1 when this variety was crossed with Kwanok. It was clearly clarified that the simple recessive gene controlling dwarfism from T(N)1 was well incorporated into this variety. 2. Ecological variation A. In general, there was a decreasing tendency in culm length and plant height of rice plant as seeding delayed while it was not so noticeable in panicle length. The decreasing magnitude varied from variety to variety and from cross to cross. Genetic behavior of the culm length and related characters of these materials was not disturbed by the variation of seeding season, nitrogen level, planting space and experimental location. E. The elongation mode of the upper three internodes was very similar to the segregation mode of culm length, panicle length and plant height in $\textrm{F}_2$ populations of . all the crosses investigated in this study. Accordingly, this result confirmed that the roles of the upper three internodes are very important in manifesting plant stature in rice. C. The effect of nitrogen on culm length and the related other two characters seemed to be meager. However, it was true to show an increasing tendency of those characters as nitrogen level got increased from 4 kg to 12kg per l0a, with different magnitude depending upon variety or cross. D. Also, the effect of planting space on culm length, panicle length and plant height was relatively small in all the cases. Those characters varied again depending upon variety or cross. However, a general increasing tendency was detected in manifestation of those traits under denser planting space condition. E. All the parental varieties produced shorter culm, panicle and plant height when they were grown at the lower latitude locations. It might be attributed to the fact that their reproductive growth accelerated with increased temperature prevailing at the lower latitude locations such as Iri and Mi1yang. On the countrary, $\textrm{F}_2$ population reacted differently to the different locations from the parental varieties. All the $\textrm{F}_2$ plants produced the longest culm, panicle and plant at Milyang. 3. Selection efficiency A. The heritability of culm length in Kwanok $\times$ T(N)1, Kwanok $\times$ IE51 and Jinheung$\times$T(N)1 was 92 percent, 74 percent and 55 percent, respectively. B. The actual genetic advance for culm length obtained from the progeny lines of the selected plants(10 precent) from the $\textrm{F}_2$ generation, was comparable to the expected advance calculated from the original $\textrm{F}_2$ populations. As compared with the $\textrm{F}_2$ population, the $\textrm{F}_3$ plants of Kwanok $\times$ T(N)l shortened on the average by 20.8cm, those of Kwanok $\times$ IE51 did 8.7cm and those of Jinheung$\times$T(N)1 20.0cm, respectively. C. Panicle length of the populations was differently affected from one cross to another by the selection based upon culm length in $\textrm{F}_2$ Kwanok $\times$ T(N)1 did not show any noticeable shortening of its culm length due to the selection pressure. On the other hand, both Kwanok $\times$ IE51 and Jinheung $\times$ T(N)1 showed a considerable shortening of their panicles in case of selection for culm length. Based upon the above results, it could be concluded that the ecological variation in culm length, panicle length and plant height was relatively small and fallen within the range of genetic variation. Considering from the fact that the simple recessive gene governing short height of Tankanbaekmang always accompanied with some undesirable characters such as short panicle and extremely small grain, the short gene of T(N)1 seemed to be more useful as dwarf gene source since it did not carry short gene together with such undesirable traits.