• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1425-1433
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• 2011

We investigated an early rehabilitation training system that increase the intensity of patient rehabilitation training to shorten the time it takes for patients to progress to a secondary rehabilitation training stage by allowing patients incapable of self-ambulation. It consisted of tilting bed, unstable platform using strong springs and training program for lower limb rehabilitation. We performed experimental study on the muscular activities of tibialis anterior(TA), soleus(SO), gastrocnemius(GA) in the lower extremities during training of straight line, circle, quardrangle pattern during tilting angle of $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$. The muscle activities were higher during tilting angle of $30^{\circ}$ than $60^{\circ}$. In straight line pattern, the muscle activities were higher by SO, GA and TA during medio-lateral direction, however, by TA, SO and GA during anterio-posterior direction. In circle and quardrangle pattern, the muscle activities were higher by TA, SO and GA during clockwise and counterclockwise direction. The results indicate that the early rehabilitation training system could be applied to improve the lower extremity muscular strength for elderly and patients, especially, stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1434-1440
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• 2011

In this paper, we assessed muscular activities of lower limbs and foot pressure for car and bus drivers according to operating three electronic pedals that we developed. To analyze drivers' physical exhaustion, muscular fatigue of lower limbs was evaluated. Eleven car drivers and six urban bus drivers were participated in this experiment. The virtual driving system was used for the real driving environment. The virtual driving system was comprised of a spring seat, a steering wheel, pedals (clutch, excel and brake pedals), a manual transmission and a virtual driving simulation. For the real vibration like situation on the road, six degree of freedom motion base system was used. Measured muscles were rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (Gn) muscles. For the quantitative muscular activities, integrated electromyography (IEMG) was analyzed. Muscular fatigues also were analyzed through the analysis of the median frequency. In addition, foot pressures were analyzed and compared through the peak and averaged pressure during the operating three developed electronic pedals. The experiments are conducted with total 17 drivers, 11 general public and 6 drivers. As a result of the analysis, electromyogram and fatigue analysis through intermediate frequency reduction for pedal-1 more efficient than other pedals. And foot pressure also was decreased. Consequently, we suggested the most efficient pedal and method to minimize the amount of cumulative fatigue.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2008

Purpose: The hypnotic effect of zolpidem is comparable to benzodiazepines, but has less abuse and addiction potential than benzodiazepines, so is one of the most commonly prescribed hypnotics. The frequency of acute zolpidem overdose has increased, but clinical analysis and severity predictors are not known in Korea. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of histories, clinical courses, and laboratory findings of each patient treated from June, 2000, to May, 2006, in a university hospital for acute zolpidem intoxication. Results: We evaluated 30 patients, including 16 co-intoxication cases. Twenty-five patients presented mental alterations but became alert within 2 days. All patients recovered completely. The median zolpidem concentration was 0.9 mg/L (range: $0.2{\sim}7.4\;mg/L$). There was a weak correlation between the amount ingested and zolpidem concentration (r=0.25). None of them presented severe laboratory abnormalities, and these abnormalities did not relate to zolpidem concentration. Conclusion: The clinical progress of acute zolpidem intoxication is mild. We could not predict zolpidem concentration or clinical severity from the amount ingested and could not predict the clinical course from laboratory findings in the emergency department.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2021

Background: To evaluate whether extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in the pain point is a more effective treatment than the trigger point for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) of the upper trapezius. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the most effective areas when applying extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Methods: A total of 30 patients with MPS were randomly assigned to the trigger point in the ESWT (n = 15) and pain point ESWT (n = 15) groups. Interventions in both groups were performed in one session, i.e., 2,000 shocks with 1.5 bar intensity. Pain and function were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and cervical range of motion (ROM) and based on mechanical muscle properties. Statistical analysis was performed using the repeated measures two-way analysis of variance to determine the significance probability between pre- and post-test. Results: Changes in mechanical muscle properties were not statistically significant between the two groups. However, VAS and cervical ROM showed statistically significant differences at pre- and post-intervention, regardless of the group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although no significant difference was observed in the intervention effect, applying an extracorporeal shock wave to the pain point rather than the pain trigger point should be considered in order to save time in effectively and accurately identifying the pain trigger point and site.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.21 no.1 s.29
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• pp.65-79
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• 2007

In this paper we study various aspects of Catalan number with its focus on creative output. As a result we we develop teaching and learning materials for the gifted students which can lead to creative output at the middle school level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2011

It is expected that the cooperation between rule-based reasoning and case-based reasoning gives us an efficient approach for flexible reasoning. In this paper, we present an integrated model of rule-base reasoning and case-base reasoning using the MVL automata model. In addition, we introduce how to handle the uncertainty in the integrated model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.79-82
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 퀄컴의 Vuforia 엔진을 이용한 증강현실 미로 찾기 어플리케이션을 제안하고 구현하였다. Vuforia 엔진은 증강 현실 엔진 중 비교적 최근에 만들어져 다양한 마커를 활용할 수 있으며 속도, 마커 인식 면에서 다른 AR 엔진에 비해 뛰어나다. 본 논문에서는 Vuforia 엔진에 기반한 미로 찾기 앱을 설계하고 구현한다. 제안한 방법에서는 스마트폰으로 이미지 마커를 인식한 후, 스마트폰 화면에 3D 캐릭터와 미로를 출력해주도록 한다. 또한 가속도 센서를 이용하여 사용자가 직접 스마트폰을 기울여 캐릭터를 목적지까지 이동시키는 미로 찾기 게임 어플리케이션을 구현하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.1008-1010
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 스마트폰과 OPRoS를 이용해 DARwIn-OP 로봇을 제어하는 어플리케이션의 개발에 대해 연구하고 스마트폰 어플리케이션에 적용하여 동작을 확인하였다. OPRoS 컴포넌트를 이용해 스마트폰 어플리케이션과 연동되는 로봇 어플리케이션을 구현하고, DARwIn-OP에 적용하여 스마트폰을 이용해 원격으로 제어하는 어플리케이션을 구현하였다. OPRoS 컴포넌트를 사용하여 개발 시간의 단축과 비용의 절감을 얻을 수 있었으며 스마트폰을 이용하여 DARwIn-OP의 머리, 팔, 다리를 제어하는 것을 확인하였고 머리에 장착된 웹캠을 이용해 DARwIn-OP의 시야에 있는 물체를 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.813-815
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 퀄컴의 Vuforia 엔진을 이용한 공공안내그림표지를 인식하여 해당 표지의 정보를 알려주는 어플리케이션을 제안하고 구현하였다. Vuforia 엔진은 이미지 인식 엔진 중 비교적 최근에 만들어져 다양한 마커를 활용할 수 있으며 속도, 마커 인식 면에서 다른 이미지 인식에 비해 뛰어 나다. 본 논문에서는 Vuforia 엔진에 기반한 공공안내그림표지를 인식하여 해당 표지의 정보를 알려주는 어플리케이션을 설계하고 구현하였다. 제안한 방법은 스마트폰으로 특정 공공안내그림표지를 인식하면 해당 표지의 정보를 출력해주도록 한다. 또한 공공안내그림표지를 관련된 분야별로 볼 수 있으며 검색을 이용하여 공공안내그림표지를 검색할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.427-427
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• 2011

그래핀은 탄소원자가 육각형의 벌집형태로 배열되어 있는 원자단위 두께의 가장 얇은 재료중의 하나이다. 이는 우수한 기계적, 전기적, 광학적 특성을 지니고 있어 다양한 분야로의 응용이 가능할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 그래핀의 산업적 응용을 위해서는 대면적으로 두께 균일도가 높은 그래핀을 저렴한 방법으로 합성하는 것이 무엇보다도 우선적으로 요구된다. 그래핀을 얻는 방법으로는 물리 화학적 박리, 탄화규소의 흑연화, 열화학기상증착법(thermal chemical vapor deposition; TCVD) 등의 다양한 방법이 있으며, 현재로선 그 중 TCVD법이 대면적으로 두께균일도가 높은 그래핀을 합성할 수 있는 가장 적합한 방법으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 이 방법은 탄소가 포함된 원료가스를 분해하기 위하여 고온의 공정이 요구되는 단점이 있다. 이러한 이유로 최근 그래핀은 저온에서 합성하기 위한 많은 연구들이 진행 중에 있으며 그 결과가 속속 보고 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고주파 플라즈마가 결합된 TCVD장치를 이용하여 원료가스를 효율적으로 분해함으로서 그래핀의 저온합성을 도모하였다. 기판은 300 nm 두께의 니켈박막이 증착된 산화막 실리콘 기판을 사용하였으며, 원료가스로는 메탄을 사용하였다. 실험결과, 350 W의 파워로 플라즈마를 방전하여 30분간 합성을 수행하였을 때 약 $450^{\circ}C$ 근처의 저온에서 수 겹의 그래핀이 합성 가능한 것을 확인하였다. 합성된 그래핀은 분석의 용이함 및 향후 다양한 응용을 위하여 산화막 실리콘 기판 및 투명 고분자 기판 등으로 전사하였다. 그래핀의 특성분석을 위해서는 광학현미경, 라만 분광기, 투과전자현미경, 자외 및 가시선 분광광도계, 4탐침측정기 등을 이용하였다.