• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.137-139
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• 2023

MARPOL (Maritime Pollution Treaty) 부속서 (Annex VI) 경우 대기오염 규제 내용이며, 최근 선박 배기가스 배출규제 강화 목적 개정됨에 따라 관련 규정을 충족하기 위한 적극적인 조치가 요구된다. 예를 들어 Sulfur Dioxide (SOx, 황산화물) 경우 2020년 기준 전 세계 해역 내 운항하는 선박은 황 함유량 0.5% 기준의 배출 요구 기준을 충족해야 한다. 배출규제 해역 지정 시 해당 해역 선박 배기가스 배출량 계산 산정 기준 확립이 필요함에 따라 대기환경에 대한 종합적인 분석이 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 황산화물 배출량 산출 방법론으로써 그리드 셀 내 선박 점유시간을 계산한다. 점유시간이 길수록 선박 통항 및 배기가스 배출이 밀집되어 있음을 의미한다. 밀집도 분석에 더불어 선박의 특성이 반영된 시간당 배출량을 적용하여 배출 공간 인벤토리를 구축하였으며 분석 결과를 GIS (Geographical Information System) 환경에서 공간 지도로 시각화하였다. 기존 국내 황산화물 배출규제 해역의 효과 평가에 더불어 외항 범위까지 규제 확대 시나리오확립 후 비교 평가를 통하여 배출량 감소 효과를 정량적으로 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.111-124
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• 1999

The Purpose of this thesis is to develop a vehicle classification algorithm using single Magnetometer detector during presence time of vehicle detection and is to examine a held application from field test. We collected data using Magnetometer detector on freeway and used digital data to change voltage values according to magnetic flux density in analysis. We collected these datum during the presence time and then obtained characteristics from wave form in these datum. Based on these characteristics, We used the following three methods for this a1gorithm :1. Template Matching Method,2. Neural Network Method using Back-propagation Algorithm 3. Complex Method using changed slope points and mixing method 1, 2. Of course, Before processing of over three methods, These data were processed normalizing by 20, 40 of size in only X axis and moving average by 0, 3, 4, 5 of size. Vehicle classification were Processed in three steps ; 2, 3, 5 types classification. In 2 types vehicle classification, recognition rate is 83% by template matching method.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.369-380
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• 1996

Inductive Loop Detector(ILD) has been commonly used in collecting traffic data such as occupancy time and non-occupancy time. From the data, the traffic volume and type of passing vehicle is calculated. To provide reliable data for traffic control and plan, accuracy is required in type recognition which can be utilized to determine split of traffic signal and to provide forecasting data of queue-length for over-saturation control. In this research, a new recognition model issuggested for recognizing typeof vehicle from thecollected data obtained through ILD systems. Two clustering methods, based on statistical algorithms, and one neural network clustering method were employed to test the reliability and occuracy for the methods. In a series of experiments, it was found that the new model can greatly enhance the reliability and accuracy of type recongition rate, much higher than conventional approa-ches. The model modifies the neural network clustering method and enhances the recongition accuracy by iteratively applying the algorithm until no more unclustered data remains.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1593-1598
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose an intelligent signal control method based on fuzzy logic applicable in real time. We design membership functions to model occupied time and the number of vehicles for each lane. A priority for each signal phase is computed by the popular Max-Min fuzzy inference based on control rules and membership degrees of prepared two functions at any given time. A tie breaking scheme is considering weighted sum of the rate of occupied time per number of vehicles in that block and the standard deviation of these blocks. Only a signal phase with the highest priority is opened and all others are closed and the duration of the phase opening is computed proportional to the rate of number of weighting vehicles in that signal per all weighted vehicles. The simulation result shows that the proposed method is more efficient than the static control in all simulation conditions in $2{\times}3$ experimental designs with the number of vehicles in intersection and congestion degrees that have all three levels.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.168-179
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• 2016

This study describes an improved model for estimating pedestrian LOS (Level of Service) by utilizing the space occupied by pedestrians. The method introduced the concept of conflict along the bi-directional pedestrian flow which enables calculating conflict area and average travel time in walking. Especially, the method incorporates the idea of generalized density concept which can consider effective walking area and pedestrian flow rates that might vary during the analysis period. After establishing methodology, adjustments of pedestrian LOS criteria in term of walking space occupied by pedestrians were performed. As a result, walking-occupied space at capacity level is 0.68 and corresponding pedestrian flow rate was calculated as 80 persons/min/m, while different pedestrian-occupied spaces were ordered to classify LOS at the points where the gradient changes. Furthermore, the statistical verification of service levels has shown that there is significant difference among all LOS categories at 5% significance level.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.208-216
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• 1993

The territorial behavior of the naked goby, Gobiosoma bosci, was observed in 80-liter aquaria. Social behavior was observed for an extended time in daily observation periods. Individuals of G. bosci, regardless of size and sex, exhibited agonistic behavior. The aggresive behaviors of approaching, threatening, attacking, and fighting were recorded as agonistic behavior. All individuals are capable of changing their color and camouflaging themselves by matching the color of bottom. Especially, the resident and the intruder are of the same size, the fighting duration was prolonged and the variability of coloration was at its peak.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.132-135
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• 2001

마이크로셀 시스템에서 트래픽(통화량) 성능은 가입자(사용자)들의 이동성에 민감한 영향을 받는다. 셀 내 체류시간 및 채널점유시간은 이동 속도 및 방향의 추계적인 변화에 의하여 특성지어진다. 셀 내 체류시간은 채널점유시간과 같은 통화량 성능을 분석하는데 기초적으로 이용되는 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 차세대 이동통신 네크워크로 진화해 가는 과정에서 증가하는 사용자들의 접속요청을 수용하고 주파수 효용도를 높이기 위하여 셀의 크기는 매우 작아진다. 셀의 크기가 작아질수록 통화량 성능은 사용자들, 특히 보행자들의 가변적인 이동성에 더욱더 영향을 받게된다. 단순화된 모형을 이용한 기존연구는 제2세대 이동통신에서는 수용할만한 정확성을 보였으나, 통화량 분포의 변화가 시간적으로 크고, 보행자의 이동성에 영향을 많이 받는 picocell (피코셀)의 특성을 적절히 반영하지 못하여 성능분석의 정확성을 기대하기 어렵다. 보행자의 가변적인 이동성을 수리적으로 분석하기 '위하여 랜덤 웍 (random-walk)모형을 적용하여 기존의 연구보다 개선시킨 확률모형을 제안한다. 제안된 모형으로 추계적 상관관계가 있는 보행자 이동성의 가변적 특성을 분석할 수 있다. 주요 통화량 성능지표를 제안된 모형으로 분석하였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5D
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• pp.635-644
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• 2009

Image processing technique in the outdoor environment is very sensitive, and it tends to lose a lot of accuracy when it rapidly changes by outdoor environment. Therefore, in order to calculate accurate traffic information using the traffic monitoring system, we must resolve removing shadow in transition time, Distortion by the vehicle headlights at night, noise of rain, snow, and fog, and occlusion. In the research, we developed a system to calibrate the amount of traffic, speed, and time occupancy by using image processing technique in a variety of outdoor environments change. This system were tested under outdoor environments at the Gonjiam test site, which is managed by Korea Institute of Construction Technology (www.kict.re.kr) for testing performance. We evaluated the performance of traffic information, volume counts, speed, and occupancy time, with 4 lanes (2 lanes are upstream and the rests are downstream) from the 16th to 18th December, 2008. The evaluation method performed as based on the standard data is a radar detection compared to calculated data using image processing technique. The System evaluation results showed that the amount of traffic, speed, and time occupancy in period (day, night, sunrise, sunset) are approximately 92-97% accuracy when these data compared to the standard data.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.666-673
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• 2023

The runway occupancy time of landing aircraft is an important factor in determining runway capacity. The purpose of this study is to suggest improvement measures for runway occupancy time to improve the operation of existing airports. In order to derive improvement measures, a comparative analysis was conducted on the effectiveness of improvement using aircraft operation status data for specific days at the case airport. The FAA REDIM model was used to analyze the improvement plan, and the improvement application function of the model was used to confirm the effect of improving runway capacity by adding a rapid escape taxiway to an airport without a rapid escape taxiway. This study's approach can be applied to the derivation of runway improvement measures and preliminary prediction of effectiveness, and it presents cases that can be applied to future airport construction projects or airport improvement projects.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 2013

Most of the traditional spectrum sensing methods consider only the current detected data sets of Primary User (PU). However previous state of PU is a kind of conditional probability that strengthens the reliability of the detector. Therefore, in the cross entropy spectrum sensing method, relationship of the previous and current spectrum sensing is considered to detect PU signal more effectively. But these cross entropy spectrum sensing methods only consider the ideal system. In other words, PU always occupy the channel during the same period. However, PU can occupy the channel either for a longer or a shorter period than the ideal case in the real system. For this reason, the spectrum sensing performance can be varied. In this paper, we propose the method that can maintain the performance of spectrum sensing in the real system and we confirm the results with the help of simulation.