• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.187-191
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• 2011

Rising soil temperature was effectively controled by shading net of 50% and cooled water to maintain average $18.8^{\circ}C$ (maximum $23^{\circ}C$), then shading net of 50% and ground water to maintain average $23.2^{\circ}C$ (max. $28.5^{\circ}C$), shading paint of 30% and shading net (50%) to maintain average $24^{\circ}C$ (max. $30^{\circ}C$) in that order. Alstroemeria 'Modena' most affected by shading and cooling water was better in shoot length as 95.9 cm and fresh weight as 67 g than those of other treatments. The production of cut flower was increased more 121% with treatment 50% shading net and cooling water, 59% with 50% shading net and ground water, and 65% with 30% shading paint than that of 50% shading net, respectively. Soil temperature was higher $8^{\circ}C$ with the plot of circulating warm water than untreated control plot. Alstroemeria 'Aspen', 'Modena', and 'Chanel' increased more plant growth such as plant height, fresh weight in warm water than in untreated control plot, but Alstroemeria 'Bordeaux' decreased plant height. Because of increasing plant growth, flower quality such as peduncle length, peduncle diameter, floret number and flower weight of 4 all cultivar was better in the plot of circulating warm water than untreated control plot. Also, the production of cut flower was increased the most in Alstroemeria 'Modena' by 38%, 'Aspen', 'Bordeaux', and 'Chanel' in that order.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2010

This study was conducted to improve commercial quality of a cut spray chrysanthemum 'Ilweol' bred in Korea by foliar application of daminozide, suppressing excessive elongation of peduncle caused by high temperature in summer season production. Applications were made at three floral bud developmental stage (I, II, and III), and concentrations used were 0, 500, 1000, and $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Cut flower length and peduncle length showed the greatest repression of elongation through daminozide treatments at stage III and stage II, respectively. Daminozide also gradually reduced values of those in a concentration-dependant manner. Flower diameter increased compared to control as daminozide was sprayed at later stage but decreased in daminozide concentration-dependant manner. Angle of flower cluster on apical part of whole plant showed the best results when sprayed with $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at stage III. Among all combinations, $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide at stage II recorded the highest angle of flower cluster and showed 31.3% increment as compared to control. The number of fully expanded flowers showed the highest values using $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide at stage III than the other treatments and total floral buds also showed the highest values using $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide at stage I than the other treatments. In cut spray chrysanthemum cultivar 'Ilweol' bred in Korea, foliar-applying with $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at stage III most effectively suppressed excessive peduncle elongation, angle of flower cluster, and increased the number of flowers in summer. However, this combination affected negatively the other commercial qualities, reducing cut flower length and flower diameter. Therefore, we recommended that foliar application stage and daminozide concentration was stage III and $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively, in a practical culture and cut flower quality for 'Ilweol'.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2011

This study was conducted to improve commercial quality of cut spray chrysanthemums 'Charming Eye' and 'Pink Pride' bred in Korea by foliar application of daminozide, suppressing excessive elongation of peduncle caused by high temperature in greenhouse. Applications were made at two floral-bud-developmental stages and concentrations used were 0, 500, 1000, and $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. As for 'Charming Eye', cut flower length, peduncle diameter, stem diameter, flower bud diameter, and the number of flower buds did not show any significant difference among all treatments including control. However, the suppressing effect of peduncle elongation, widening angle of flower cluster arrangement on apical part, and increasing parallel flower buds in stage I showed better than those in stage II regardless of daminozide concentration. As for 'Pink Pride', cut flower length, peduncle diameter, and stem diameter did not show any significant difference among all treatments including control but angle of flower cluster on apical part increased compared to control as daminozide was sprayed at stage I and II except $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide-sprayed at stage II. The number of flower buds and flower bud diameter showed the greatest increment through $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide-sprayed at stage I and did the least values as sprayed with $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide at stage II. Daminozide also gradually reduced peduncle length in a concentration-dependant manner but elongation of peduncle foliar-sprayed at stage I showed the more suppressing effect than that at stage II. Increasing the number of parallel flower buds showed the best results when sprayed with $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at stage I. In conclusion, we recommended that foliar spraying with $500-1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide at stage I and foliar spraying with $1,000-2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide at stage I improved cut flower quality of 'Channing Eye' and 'Pink Pride', respectively.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.237-241
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• 2003

Damages caused by infection with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Lily mottle virus (LMoV) and Lily symptomless virus (LSV) were assessed by comparing growth of plants produced from seeds of Lilium x fomolongi cultivar 'Noesan' both infected and free from infection with those viruses. Symptoms and infection rate were investigated in field-grown lily.Dominant viral infection symptom in the field was mottle on leaves, caused by natural infection with LMoV. Incidence of viral disease caused by mixed infection with two of LMoV, CMV and LSV in field-grown Lilium x fomolongi cultivars, reused for more than 6 years consecutively, was 80 percent. In comparison with healthy Lilium x fomolongi cultivar 'Noesan', plants doubly infected with CMV-Li1 and LMoV-Li diminished their plant height by 14 percent, fresh weight by 38 percent, and flower length by 15 percent. Lily plants singly infected with CMV-Li1 or LMoV-Li significantly reduced their freish weight by 21.8% and 28.4% compared to healthy plants, respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.794-802
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of day-length extension treatment using LED lighting (blue, green, red, or 3 mixed) on vegetative growth and flowering of freesia 'Yvonne', in comparison to that using glow lamps and metal halide lamps. Lighting treatments were imposed from 5 PM to 8 PM for 150 days from after flower bud differentiation to flowering end. For the period from leaf emergence to floral bud formation, no light source affected plant height but the number of leaves was decreased by the metal halide lamp. The highest SPAD value in the flower bud developing period occurred in the metal halide lamp treatment. The time of flowering was advanced by blue or green LED treatment compared to the no lighting control. The green LED lighting advanced flowering by 6 and 8 days compared to no lighting and metal halide lamp treatment, respectively. The blooming period tended to be shortened by the red LED treatment. As for the flower characteristics of 'Yvonne', floret length and width, and the weight of cut flowers were highest in the metal halide lamp treatment. Red LED decreased corm width and weight of 'Yvonne' while glow lamp decreased height and weight. Starch contents in corm were not influenced by the lighting source. Our results indicate that the green LED lighting advanced the time of flowering and the metal halide lamp was good for cut-flower quality.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2009

This study was conducted to improve commercial quality of a cut spray chrysanthemum 'Gama' bred in Korea by foliar application of daminozide (DMZ), suppressing excessive elongation of peduncle caused by high temperature in summer season production. Applications were made at three floral bud developmental stages (I, II, and III), and concentrations used were 0, 500, 1000, and $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Both cut flower length and peduncle length showed the greatest suppression of elongation by DMZ treatments at stage II. DMZ also gradually reduced values of those in a concentration-dependant manner. Stem thickness and flower diameter reduced compared to control as DMZ was sprayed at later stage and those two characteristics decreased in a concentration-dependant manner. The number of paralleled flowers neighboring apical part of whole plant showed the best results at stage I and II. As for DMZ concentration, those increased effectively at $500-1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Among all combinations, $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ DMZ at stage II recorded the most paralleled flowers and showed 24.2% increment as compared to control. The number of fully expanded flowers and total floral buds also showed the highest values using $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ DMZ at stage II than the other treatments. In cut spray chrysanthemum cultivar 'Gama' bred in Korea, foliar-spraying with $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ DMZ at stage II most effectively suppressed excessive peduncle elongation, parallelled flower cluster arrangement, and increased the number of flowers in summer. However, this combination affected negatively the other commercial qualities, reducing cut flower length, stem thickness, and flower diameter. Therefore, we recommended that foliar-spraying stage and DMZ concentration was stage I and $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively, in a practical culture for 'Gama'.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of triazole compounds [hexaconazole ($50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), diniconazole ($50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), myclobutanil ($150mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), difenoconazole ($50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), tebuconazole ($500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and bitertanol ($50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)] on commercial quality improvement of cut flowers of Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Baegkwang' Plant height, cut flower length and internode length decreased by all triazole compounds. Plant height, cut flower length, internode length and flower neck length were shortened by treatment of $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ diniconazole and $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ tebuconazole. Flower neck was thickened by hexaconazole and myclobutanil. Flower diameter increased with myclobutanil and bitertanol, while it decreased with tebuconazole. Among physiological injury, open center increased with bitertanol treatment. Overall $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ diniconazole and $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ tebuconazole showed a possitive effect on length flower neck and increasing chlorophyll content, while decreasing plant height, cut flower length and diameter of flowers. Thus it is necessary to consider kind, concentration, and treatment times for effective control of cut flower quality.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.340-343
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• 2008

A new pale yellow gerbera(Gerbera hybrida Hort.) cultivar 'Honey Cream' was developed from a cross between 'Princessa' and 'Picasso', followed by seedling and line selections at the Flower Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services(ARES) in 2006. Three times evaluations were conducted from 2003 for the detailed characteristics of the new cultivar. 'Honey Cream' has semi-double type large flowers in good harmony with pale yellow(RHS, 11-D) ray floret and green center. It has good, stable flower shape and strong peduncle, and its vase life was 12.3 days. The average flower yield of 'Honey Cream' was about 48.5 stems per plant/year in greenhouse trails during 2003 and 2006. This cultivar was registered to the Korea Seed and Variety Service(KSVS) for commercialization in 2007. Year-round production of this cultivar is possible in the greenhouse condition in Korean climate.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.264-268
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• 2011

'Duo', a late-flowering white gladiolus with pink core, was released by the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS) in 2000. The selection was derived from the cross between the progenies of the early flowering dark pink 'True Love' and bright pink domestic cultivars 'Madame Valdiek'. The breeding was conducted in 1996 and selected finally in 2000 after four years (1997 to 2000) of experimentation. 'Duo' is a cut flower with bright white color petals and Pink core which exhibited late flowering and vigor without stem bending. It can be cultivated in areas or regions with strong winds during summer. 'Duo' has a very firm growth form and sturdy branches which do not bend when planted in the open fields. Likewise, the plant showed high tolerance to flooding and resistance, hence, could grow vigorously in open areas. It is a fast- growing plant which exhibits high corm production rate. 'Duo' had a 12.2 cm wide flower and 150 cm plant height. During summer, the average number of days to flowering was recorded at 75 days of 'Duo'. Top dressing must be conducted once or twice during corm production to enhance corm quality and quantity.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.80-83
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• 2008

A new pink gerbera (Gerbera hybrida Hort.) cultivar 'Summer Ring' was developed from a cross between 'Grandeur' and 'Nova Zembla' followed by seedling and line selections at the Flower Breeding Research Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services (ARES) in 2005. Characteristics of the new cultivar were evaluated three times from 2003 to 2004. 'Summer Ring' has semi-double type mini flower in good harmony with pink (RHS, 56-D) ray floret and green center. It has good stable flower shape and strong peduncle, and its vase life was 14.7 days. The average yield of 'Summer Ring' flower was 69 per plant/year in greenhouse yield trails during 2003 and 2004. This cultivar was registered for commercialization in 2005. Commercial production of 'Summer Ring' could be possible throughout the country under greenhouse condition.