• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.153-161
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• 2016

Urban design claiming the notion of 'Sustainability', which inevitably includes ecological complexity, is normally geared towards the reflection of environmentally-friendly technical guidelines in the existing planning process. Although physical planning should be combined with economic, social, cultural, environmental issues, and policies, it is conducted conventionally as the sum of the closed sectoral approaches of planning. To overcome this limit, Design Charrette was invented for sustainable urban design or community design, which should consider the complexity of diverse issues. This design process unveils complicated and divergent problems and a variety of stakeholders participate in the integrated design simultaneously and cooperatively. Because Design Charrette must also be a process of agreement, it is used for sustainable community design. The aim of this study was to introduce Design Charrette as an alternative of Korean sustainable urban design, which is regarded as 'making guidelines related to green principles'. For such a purposes, the definition and differentiation of Design Charrette will be explained with an analysis of the introduction background, benefit and procedure. The contents, system and process of Design Charrette will be analyzed through case studies in Canada, where this method of design is widespread. In the last part, the implementation system (the comprehensive system of organization / content and direction of planning / process and output) will be deduced after concentrated analysis of one respected case, 'Sensitive Urban Infill Charrette' of the City of Surrey. This implementation system will be a crucial reference to develop Korean Design Charrette.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.4 no.2 s.8
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• pp.65-74
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• 2002

The CBD(component based development) method has recently been on the rise as the main current among all fields of developing Information Systems. The developing system by building and integrating of components is encouraged in GIS sphere. Business domain which considerably identifies components occupies GIS shpere rather then any other sphere. Arithmetic function is quite needed in GIS sphere but non-arithmetic functions are also used in GIS sphere as well as in enterprise sphere. Component is characterized by ensuring the reuse of itself. The efficiency of reusing component is promoted as the component is functionally simple and is packed to a minimum. The GIS Component Extraction Method has already been presented in several studies but this study is about the GIS Component Extraction by the Affinity Analysis Method. CBD uses UML on a basis and the core of the UML is consisted of the use case and the class. The purpose of the Affinity Analysis is a study how relate between the use case and the class in a certain business domain and then the results identify the component. The Affinity Analysis is useful not only in GIS but also in every business domain and is considered to be popular as the procedure of this method is not complex at all.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.396-403
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• 2009

An anonymous asymmetric fingerprinting protocol combined with watermarking techniques, is one of the copyright protection technologies keeping both right of a seller and that of a buyer, where a seller and an anonymous buyer perform such a protocol that employs various cryptographic tools in order that the seller does not know the exact watermarked copy that the buyer receives, while inserting an invisible non-removable fingerprint i.e., each different unique watermark, into each copy of the digital content to be sold. In such a protocol innocent buyers are kept anonymous during transactions, however, the unlawful reseller is unambiguously identified with a real identity as a copyright violator. In 2007, Yong and Lee proposed an anonymous asymmetric fingerprinting scheme with trusted third party. In this paper we point out the weakness of their scheme such as: the buyer with intention can remove the fingerprint in the watermarked content, because he/she can decrypt the encrypted fingerprint with a symmetric key using man-in-the-middle-attack; a real identity of a buyer can be revealed to the seller through the identification process even though he/she is honest. Furthermore, we propose an improved secure and efficient anonymous asymmetric fingerprinting scheme which enables to reduce the number of communication between the participants.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2012

Forests act as carbon sinks and also improve water resources and biodiversity to climate change. Secure funding, administrative support, and sustainable management systems are essential to conserve forests and to implement international forestry related projects to climate change. Public private partnership (PPP) could be an effective way for forestry sector in developing countries. Awareness analysis should be preceded in order to encourage participation of enterprises for the diversification of funding and the enhancing quality of projects. We conducted a survey targeting more than 129 private enterprises for awareness analysis. As a result, lack of information, complexity of processes and low profit resulted in low interest on forest projects from private enterprises. Improving awareness of recipient countries on forest resources, financial and institutional supports from the public sector, information sharing, performance management and equal partnership between sectors were suggested to encourage PPP in international forestry related projects to climate change.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 2015

Diagnostic radiation devices that is used in the country has reached to 78,000 units. When used for human subjects diagnostic purposes, it is subject to Medical Service Act, when used in diagnostic purposes in animal subjects, the subject to Veterinarians Act. When used for other purposes are subject to the Nuclear Safety Act. Even the same radiation devices varies the legislation that is applied depending on the intended use and object. Diversified been p rovisions a re necessary compared to t he analysis o f l egal content in o rder t o prevent confusion of the legislation is a matter to be applied. It is a qualitative study that Nuclear Safety Act, Medical Service Act and Veterinarians Act administrative procedures for the introduction of the applied diagnostic radiation devices, safety inspection, human resources management, area management and the content related to administrative punishment. The Nuclear Safety Act sub-provisions, the introduction of diagnostic radiation generating devices, there are many complex and complete requirements administrative procedures on the concept of a permit. Inspection of safety associated with the use, would be subject to periodic inspection auditing characteristics over the entire field of radiation safety management. It must receive court regular education for the safety administrator and workers. Unlike the reference of the radiation dose rate to specify the radiation controlled area there is a measurement obligation of radiation dose rate. Unlike the reference of the radiation dose rate to specify the radiation controlled area there is a measurement obligation of radiation dose rate. Quantitative difference of administrative punishment that is imposed when legislation violation has reached up to 10 times, over the entire field, the largest burden of radiation safety management at the time of application of the Nuclear Safety Act sub provisions. And it is applied differently depending on the purpose and the imaging target using the same diagnostic radiation devices. Depending on the use mainly under the current legal system, radiation can be lacking in fairness of the contents of the legislation for safety management, there is a risk of confusion. Alternatives such as centralized and standardization of legislation by diagnostic radiation devices use is expected to be necessary.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.291-299
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• 2023

The benzo[a]pyrene in edible oils is extracted using methods such as Liquid-liquid, soxhlet and ultrasound-assisted extraction. However these extraction methods have significant drawbacks, such as long extraction time and large amount of solvent usage. To overcome these drawbacks, this study attempted to improve the current complex benzo[a]pyrene analysis method by applying the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method that can be analyzed in a simple and short time. The QuEChERS method applied in this study includes extraction of benzo[a]pyrene into n-hexane saturated acetonitrile and n-hexane. After extraction and distribution using magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride, benzo[a]pyrene is analyzed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (LC/FLR). As a result of method validation of the new method, the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.02 ㎍/kg and 0.05 ㎍/kg, respectively. The calibration curves were constructed using five levels (0.1~10 ㎍/kg) and coefficient (R²) was above 0.99. Mean recovery ratio was ranged from 74.5 to 79.3 % with a relative standard deviation (RSD) between 0.52 to 1.58 %. The accuracy and precision were 72.6~79.4 % and 0.14~7.20 %, respectively. All results satisfied the criteria ranges requested in the Food Safety Evaluation Department guidelines (2016) and AOAC official method of analysis (2023). Therefore, the analysis method presented in this study was a relatively simple pretreatment method compared to the existing analysis method, which reduced the analysis time and solvent use to 92 % and 96 %, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.159-203
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• 2010

Together with the development of space science outer space law has become one of the most rapidly developing branches of international law. This reflects a general realization that these new activities must be subject to reasonable legal regulation if they are to serve the peaceful purposes of mankind without undue confusion and disorder. The exploration and use of outer space introduces many novel opportunities and dilemmas, and inspired insights are needed in the development of this new resource. In particular, the settlement of space law disputes is a relatively new discussion in international law. However, the significance of the settlement of space law disputes was acknowledged in various colloquia organized by legal academicians and practitioners around the world. Analysis of the dispute settlement provisions in space agreements plainly reveals the degree to which States persist to be mistrustful of any impingement to their sovereignty. They are reluctant to submit disputes to adjudication and binding arbitration, particularly when these provisions are negotiated between States which have dissimilar political, economic and social interests and demography. However, there is a slow but clear shift in this attitude as States realize the contemporary political, economic and technical pressures necessitating the lifting of the veil of State sovereignty. The development of an effective mechanism for the settlement of disputes arising in relation to the development of the exploration and exploitation of outer space has been the subject of global study by highly qualified publicists and international institutions. The 1972 Liability Convention is the space treaty with the most elaborate provisions for dispute settlement. However, it fails to ensure binding decisions. In this point, the 1998 Taipei Final Draft Convention may be a useful instrument for further consideration on whether an independent sectorialized dispute settlement mechanism should be established. Considering these circumstances it seemed essential to take legislative action to implement a system as comprehensive as the relevant legal framework are in the Law of the Sea and International Criminal Law mechanisms for dispute settlement and conflict avoidance from outer space activities.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.67-81
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate lots of problems that the current tax appeal system has, which are becoming serious issues as tax appeal cases are recently increasing. Those problems include the unreasonable procedure and period of deliberation on tax appeal cases, permission of a same tax appeal by more than one governmental agencies and the compulsory transposition system of tax appeal cases. All of these problems should be rectified in order to ensure that the currently tax appeal system protect taxpayers' rights and interests effectively. According to the current tax appeal system, the period from the receipt of tax appeal cases to ruling on them is up to 90 days. This is unrealistic, so that period should be allowed to be extended if those cases about more complicated taxation or if they are even harder to be treated for any reason. At present, chief of Tax Tribunal has to unconditionally accept resolution from the meeting of tax judges and make a ruling accordingly because he has no right to reject that resolution. But now, it's time to establish legal grounds based on which the chief suggests the tax judges to reconsider their resolution if it is undoubtedly wrong. Currently, there's a relatively little acceptance of tax appeals from people who can't financially afford to designate a proxy for them. To solve this problem, lots of efforts to make socially recognized the necessity to relive those people's rights and interests and make widely known the Public Proxy of Tax Appeal System. The current tax appeal system allows the Board of Audit and Inspection to be an appealer. This means taxation may be deliberated on by more than one governmental agencies. It is so inefficient. Therefore, tax appeal by the board should be only about taxation that they found unacceptable by audit and inspection. Except for this, it is not allowed that the Board of Audit and Inspection file tax appeals that are, in turn, necessarily transported to the National Taxation. Esecially, the transposition should be a procedure that is occasionally taken. In sum, this study investigated problems with the current tax appeal system, and made suggestions about solutions that are not theoretical but practical.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2003

The application of more complex radiotherapy techniques using multileaf collimation (MLC), such as 3D conformal radiation therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), has increased the significance of verifying leaf position and motion. Due to thier reliability and empirical robustness, quality assurance (QA) of MLC. However easy use and the ability to provide digital data of electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) have attracted attention to portal films as an alternatives to films for routine qualify assurance, despite concerns about their clinical feasibility, efficacy, and the cost to benefit ratio. In this study, we developed method for daily QA of MLC using electronic portal images (EPIs). EPID availability for routine QA was verified by comparing of the portal films, which were simultaneously obtained when radiation was delivered and known prescription input to MLC controller. Specially designed two-test patterns of dynamic MLC were applied for image acquisition. Quantitative off-line analysis using an edge detection algorithm enhanced the verification procedure as well as on-line qualitative visual assessment. In conclusion, the availability of EPI was enough for daily QA of MLC leaf position with the accuracy of portal films.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.219-223
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• 2007

GMS(Geostational Meteorological Satellite), GOES(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite), MTSAT(Multi-Funcional Transport Satellite) 등의 정지기상위성은 거의 매시간 기상상황을 감시하고 태풍정보를 실시간 분석할 수 있어 드보락(Dvorak, 1975)등에 의해 이를 이용한 가시영상이나 적외영상기반의 태풍중심강도를 분석기법(드보락의 VIS/IR 분석법) 및 적외강조영상 분석기법(드보락의 EIR 분석법)이 개발되었다(Dvorak，1975, 1984). 그러나 주관적인 드보락의 VIS/IR 분석 법 및 EIR 분석법에 의한 결과는 분석자마다 다를 수 있고，절차 또한 복잡하여 시급성을 요하는 태풍 분석에서 취약점으로 지적되어 왔다. 이러한 주관적 방법의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 디지럴화된 영상과 자동 객관화된 알고리즘을 적용하는 객관 드보락 기법 (Advanced Objective Dvorak Technique, 이하 AODT)이 개발되었고(Velden et al, 1998), Zehr(1989)에 의해 비행기 관측자료등을 통해 보정되고 있다. 기상청에서는 2001 년부터 GMS 위성 관측영상을 이용하여 태풍의 중심위치를 분석하고，태풍강도를 정량화하기 위해 주관 드보락 기법 (Subjective Dvorak Technique 이하 SDT)을 이용하여 태풍중심위치와 강도정보를 실시간 예보관 및 일반인에게 제공하고 있다. 그러나 주관적인 드보락 기법이 분석자에 따라 다른 결과가 도출 될 수 있어, 이를 보완하기 위해 QuikSCAT 해상풍 관측자료, 정지 및 극 궤도위성자료를 활용한 해수면온도 둥 위성 분석자료와 기타 관측자료를 참조하고 있다. 정지기상위성자료를 이용한 드보락기법은 적외영상만으로 태풍중심 위치와 강도를 분석할 수 있는 장점 외에 앞에서 열거한 몇 가지 극복되지 못한 한계도 있으나，SSM/I 둥 기타 위성자료의 관측시간대와 분석정보 부족 등으로 정지기상위성자료를 이용한 드보락 기법을 대체할만한 현업용 분석기법이 개발되지 못했다. 기상청에서는 기존의 태풍분석업무를 개선하기 위해서 2005년부터 AODT를 도입하여 그 성능을 시험분석하고, 2006년 6월부터 AODT를 현업화하여 실시간 태풍강도분석 에 활용하였으며 2006년 제 3호 태풍 에위니아(EWINIAR)부터 두리안(DURlAN)까지 19개 태풍 434개 시간대자료를 분석한 결과 SDT 강도분석결과와 0.90의 상관도를 보였다. 또한 AODT 알고리즘이 기본적으로 대서양에서 발생하는 태풍에 초점을 두고 개발되어 북서태평양에서 발생하는 태풍에 직접 적용하기에는 어려움이 있는 것으로 알려져 있으므로(Velden et al. 1998), 이의 개선을 위하여 태풍강도지수인 SDT CI(Current Intensity) 수와 AODT CI 수간의 통계적 관계를 밝히고 신경망을 이용한 비선형 주성분 분석 (Hieh，2004)등을 통해 AODT CI 수 보정 시도를 하였다. 이와 더불어, 기상청은 근원적 객관 알고리즘 개선을 위해 AODT 자체 알고리즘 분석과 위성자료 DB 구축 동의 노력을 기울이고 있다.