• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.12-26
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• 2006

유하간(劉河間), 주단계적학설전파이후(朱丹溪的학說전播以后), 인위명대모사의가용약적시후편중고한(因위明代某些의家用葯的時候偏重苦寒), 소이도치료상비위이극벌진양적폐두(所以도致了상脾胃而克伐眞陽的弊두). 종이위료교정착오(종而위了교正착오), 형성료주장온보적온보학파(形成了主張溫보的溫보學派). 설기(설己), 손일규(孫一圭), 張景岳等溫보학파강조주재생명적비위(張景岳等溫보學派强凋主宰生命的脾胃), 신명양기(腎命陽氣), 재변증론치방면입족우선(在辨證論治方面立足于先), 후천(後天), 중시비여신(重視脾與腎), 선용료감온적약물(善用了甘溫的藥物). 저대우교정착오기착극대적작용(저대于교正錯오起着極大的作用), 동시논증(同時논증), 이론전개상비위여신명이주제공탁료(理론展개上脾胃여腎命以主제공托了), 우기후자가심료명문학설적연구(尤其后者加深了命門학설的硏究). 장경악활동적명대시이주자학위국책적(張景岳活동的明代是以朱子學위國策的), 구비사변성적철(具비思辨性的哲) 학배영상(학背영上), 추상(推想)"리(理)"이발휘의(而발휘의) 학이론(학理론). 우시저시기의가문입족우(于是저시期의家門立足于) "황제내경(黃帝內經)" 여연기론진행료기초이론화임상연구(여연氣論진行了基초理론和임床硏究), 경악통과편찬(景岳通과編찬) "내경(內經)"이저작(而著作)"류경(類經)"등(等), 근거자기적임상실험(根据自己的임床실험), 제출료온보학설(提出了溫보학설). 타쟁론적초점시자기제출적(他爭론的焦点是自己提出的)"음부족론(음不足론)". 침대전현적쟁론상(침대前현的爭론上), 경악이하간여범계위대상경(岳以河間여凡溪위대象). "경악전서(景岳全書)" 지운(之云): "양자유하간출(襄自劉河間出), 이서화입론(以署火立論), 전용한량벌차양기(專用寒凉伐此陽氣), 기해이심(其害已甚), 뢰동원선생비위지화필수온양(賴東垣先生脾胃之火必須溫養), 연상미능진척일편지류(然尙未能盡斥一偏之謬), 이단계복출(而丹溪復出), 우입음허화동지론(又立陰虛火動之論) ...... 한량지폐우복성행(寒凉之弊又復盛行), 부선수기해자기거이불반(夫先受其害者旣去而不返), 후습이용자유미이불오(後習而用者猶迷而不悟)", 지분료하간여단계시(指분了河間여丹溪是)"헌기지마(軒岐之魔)". 저사주장현출독특적유해저(些主장현出독特的유解), 이대후대학설발전적봉헌(以대后代학설발展的奉헌). 경악침대단계적"양상유여(景岳침대丹溪的)"양상유여(陽常有餘), 음상부족(陰常不足)", "기유여변시화(氣有餘便是火)", 설성(설成)"양비유여(陽非有餘), 진양부족(眞陽不足)", "기부족변시한(氣不足便是寒)", "상화부시사화(相火不是邪火)", 대단계학설견지료비판적입장(대丹溪학설堅持了批判的立장). 단계제출(丹溪提出)"양음설(養陰說)"이수립음허화왕적병기이론(而수立陰虛火旺的病機理론), 타적(他的)'양유여음부족론(陽有餘陰不足論)'상(上), '음(陰)'주요지생식물질(主要指生殖物질), "양(陽)"지정욕(指情欲). 가시중심사상시강조생리적양생(可是中心思想是强조生理的양생), 몰수립실제(沒수立실제)'음허화왕(陰虛火旺)'적병기(的病機). 취시장경악실재완성료저사병기(就是張景岳실在完成了저些病機). 경악재(景岳在) "진음론(眞陰論)" '장형질설성진양적상(將形질설成眞陽的象), 이명문위기(以命문위其)', 용(用)"개부족(皆不足)"해석질병(解석질病), 이익화(以益火) 장수이론위치법(장水理론위治法). 이차제조좌우귀환(而且制造左右歸丸) 음이귀납료치료방법(飮以귀納了治료方法), 발휘진음(발휘眞陰), 진양학설이구조유계통적이론(眞陽學說而구造有系統的理론). 저양위의가적쟁론핵심리유상화론(저兩位의家的爭론核心里有相火論), 논자상교연구타문적이론이보고기결과(논者相교硏究他문的理론而보告其結果).

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1023-1034
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• 2012

Linear regression technique has been used widely in water resources field as well as various fields such as economics and statistics, and so on. Using fuzzy regression technique, it is possible to quantify uncertainty and reflect them to the regression model. In this study, fuzzy regression model is developed to compute design floods in any place in Pyeongchang River basin. In ungaged basins, it is usually difficult to obtain data required for flood discharge analysis. In this study, basin characteristics elements are analyzed spatially using GIS and the technique of estimating design flood in ungaged mountainous basin is studied based on the result. Fuzzy regression technique is applied to Pyeongchang River basin which has mountainous basin characteristics and well collected rainfall and runoff data through IHP test basin project. Fuzzy design flood estimation equations are developed using the basin characteristics elements for Pyeongchang River basin. The suitability of developed fuzzy equations are examined by comparing the results with design floods computed in 9 locations along the river. Using regional regression method and fuzzy regression analysis, the uncertainties of the design floods occurred from the data monitoring can be quantified.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2013

Carnation is considered to be one of the top three cutting flowers in the world, which is a main crop with 21 billion annual volume of manufacture. The four carnation items such as cuttings, seed, plant and unrooted cuttings are imported and exported. Viruses can be easily transmitted during vegetative propagation of carnation. Carnation necrotic fleck virus (CNFV) and Carnation ringspot virus (CRSV) are designated as Korea plant quarantine viruses and inspected. This study was aimed to develop specific primer sets for easy and rapid detection of CNFV and CRSV. Two RT-PCR primer sets were efficiently amplified 288 and 447 bp fragments for CNFV and 503 549 bp fragments for CRSV. Furthermore, developed nested primer sets make possible to high sensitive detection and verification. CNFV nested PCR primer sets all produced band of 147 bp and CRSV nested PCR primer sets did bands of 395 and 347 bp. In addition, plasmid inserted 6 sequences in amplicon were used as a positive control to improve inspection confidence. The successful application of PCR module newly developed in this study will be highly useful for detect of CNFV and CRSV for quarantine inspections.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.745-760
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• 2016

The name of a place represents the social and political power relations as well as showing a certain physical space. In particular, the East Sea is not only a representative name of areas represent our country, but also the name of place being in competition with the Sea of Japan internationally. Korea is committed in many ways to spread the name of East Sea in the international community, and gradually expand its name power. The purpose of this study was to investigate the names used in the newspapers and broadcasting in Francophone countries except France by analyzing the newspaper articles and broadcasting contents, and to illuminate how the names of the East Sea produced in France, and the discussion about the names were diffused in Francophone countries and what kind of influence they had on those countries. This study selected Algeria in North Africa, Belgium and Luxembourg in West Europe, and Quebec in Canada for the research areas. As a result, while Algeria in North Africa and Luxembourg are showing inhospitality to the name East Sea, Belgium and Quebec are taking a flexible attitude toward this name. In general, most Francophone countries are provided with press releases from AFP in France. Even in same article provided by AFP, The result shows that some media stick to use the name Sea of Japan solely, and others demonstrate a will to use both name East Sea and Sea of Japan simultaneously. This study was able to show that the diffusion and spread of the place name was significantly influenced by social, political interests and powers, the mess geopolitics in pop cultural materials.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.111-125
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• 2016

Cordgrass (Spartina spp.) is recognized as a highly invasive plant in estuaries throughout the world because of remarkable versatility and resiliency, significant reproduction, strong adaptability, rapid spreading, and vigorous growth. In this review, therefore, to provide insights on the effective management practices, the previous research works were summarized and discussed. Spartina spp. is a perennial halophyte, warm-season (C4) grass that reproduces both sexually through seeds and asexually by rhizomes. Management strategies for cordgrass have included various physical, biological, and chemical controls. Herbicides are usually the most cost-effective means of control. Currently, glyphosate, imazapyr, fluazifop and haloxyfop have been practically used. To improve the control efficacy, a combination of two more than methods (example, mowing-spraying) is needed to be applied consistently every year for at least 3 to 4 years and to be sprayed with enough dry time (>4-6 hr) at an early growth stage (before flowering). Consistently repeated application of same herbicide have to be avoided to prevent an unexpected emergence of herbicide-resistant lines. On the other hand, Spartina spp. have many positive functions for agricultural and eco-engineering purposes. Thus, we have to give more intensive research for effectively managing advantages and disadvantages of Spartina plantations.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1315-1328
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• 2022

Sinduri beach is a typical sedimentary landform that forms sand dunes due to the influence of the northwest wind in winter. Due to the its large scale and well-developed nature, it has been recognized for conservation value and is currently designated as Natural Monument No. 431, and continuous monitoring is required in terms of the preservation of topographical values. In this study, aerial images, drone images, and drone-based LiDAR data during 36 years were used for long-term topographical change observation of the Sinduri coastal sand dunes located in Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. To implement this, the amount of change in elevation and volume for each period was calculated by applying the difference of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based on raster calculation using the numerical elevation model generated from the raw data. Also, the amount of change in volume based on probability was calculated using the error propagation law for the intrinsic error of each data source. As a result, it can be seen that from 1986 to 2022, deposition of 35,119 m³ occurred in region of interest A (area: 17,960 m²) and 54,954 m³ of deposition occurred in region of interest B (area: 17,686 m²).

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2021

Stock market investors are generally split into foreign investors, institutional investors, and individual investors. Compared to individual investor groups, professional investor groups such as foreign investors have an advantage in information and financial power and, as a result, foreign investors are known to show good investment performance among market participants. The purpose of this study is to propose an investment strategy that combines investor-specific transaction information and machine learning, and to analyze the portfolio investment performance of the proposed model using actual stock price and investor-specific transaction data. The Korea Exchange offers daily information on the volume of purchase and sale of each investor to securities firms. We developed a data collection program in C# programming language using an API provided by Daishin Securities Cybosplus, and collected 151 out of 200 KOSPI stocks with daily opening price, closing price and investor-specific net purchase data from January 2, 2007 to July 31, 2017. The self-organizing map model is an artificial neural network that performs clustering by unsupervised learning and has been introduced by Teuvo Kohonen since 1984. We implement competition among intra-surface artificial neurons, and all connections are non-recursive artificial neural networks that go from bottom to top. It can also be expanded to multiple layers, although many fault layers are commonly used. Linear functions are used by active functions of artificial nerve cells, and learning rules use Instar rules as well as general competitive learning. The core of the backpropagation model is the model that performs classification by supervised learning as an artificial neural network. We grouped and transformed investor-specific transaction volume data to learn backpropagation models through the self-organizing map model of artificial neural networks. As a result of the estimation of verification data through training, the portfolios were rebalanced monthly. For performance analysis, a passive portfolio was designated and the KOSPI 200 and KOSPI index returns for proxies on market returns were also obtained. Performance analysis was conducted using the equally-weighted portfolio return, compound interest rate, annual return, Maximum Draw Down, standard deviation, and Sharpe Ratio. Buy and hold returns of the top 10 market capitalization stocks are designated as a benchmark. Buy and hold strategy is the best strategy under the efficient market hypothesis. The prediction rate of learning data using backpropagation model was significantly high at 96.61%, while the prediction rate of verification data was also relatively high in the results of the 57.1% verification data. The performance evaluation of self-organizing map grouping can be determined as a result of a backpropagation model. This is because if the grouping results of the self-organizing map model had been poor, the learning results of the backpropagation model would have been poor. In this way, the performance assessment of machine learning is judged to be better learned than previous studies. Our portfolio doubled the return on the benchmark and performed better than the market returns on the KOSPI and KOSPI 200 indexes. In contrast to the benchmark, the MDD and standard deviation for portfolio risk indicators also showed better results. The Sharpe Ratio performed higher than benchmarks and stock market indexes. Through this, we presented the direction of portfolio composition program using machine learning and investor-specific transaction information and showed that it can be used to develop programs for real stock investment. The return is the result of monthly portfolio composition and asset rebalancing to the same proportion. Better outcomes are predicted when forming a monthly portfolio if the system is enforced by rebalancing the suggested stocks continuously without selling and re-buying it. Therefore, real transactions appear to be relevant.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1970

The present status of control measures for public health important helminthic infections in Korea was surveyed in 1969 and the following results were obtained. The activities of parasitic examination and Ascaris treatment for the positives which were done during 1966 to 1969 were brought in poor result and could not decrease the infection rate. It is needed to improve or strengthen the activities. The mass treatment activities for paragonimiasis and clonorchiasis in the areas which were designated by the Ministry of Health were carried out during 1965 to 1968 with no good results in decrease of estimated number of the patients. There were too many pharmaceutical companies where many kinds of anthelmintics were produced. It may be better to reduce the number of anthelmintics produced and control the quality. The human feces, the most important source of helminthic infections, was generally not treated in sanitary ways because of the poor sewerage system and no sewage treatment plant in urban areas and insanitary latrines in rural areas. The field soils of 170 specimens were collected from 34 areas out of 55 urban and tourist areas where night soil has been prohibited by a regulation to be used as a fertilizer, and examined for parasites contamination with the result of Ascaris egg detection in 44%. Some kinds of vegetables of 64 specimens each from the supply agents of parasite free vegetables and general markets were collected and examined for parasites contamination with the results of Ascaris egg detection in 25% and 36% respectively. The parasite control activities and the ability of parasitological examination techniques in the health centers of the country were not satisfactory. The budget of the Ministry of Health for the parasite control was very poor. The actual expenditure needed for cellophane thick smear technique was 8 Won per a specimen. As a principle the control of helminthic infections might be led toward breaking the chain of events in the life cycle of the prasites and eliminating environmental and host factors concerned with the infections, and the following methods nay be pointed out. 1) Mass treatment might be done to eliminate human reservoirs of an infection. 2) Animal reservoirs which are related with human infections night be eliminated. 3) The excretes of reservoirs, particularly human feces, should be treated in sanitary ways by the means of sanitary sewerage system and sewage treatment plant in urban areas and sanitary latrines such as waterborne latrine, aqua privy and pit latrine in rural areas. The increase of national economical development and prohibition of the habit of using night soils as a fertilizer might be very important factors to achieve the purpose. 4) The control of vehicles and intermediate hosts might be done by the means of prohibition of soil contamination with parasites, food sanitation, insect control and snail control. 5) The improvement of insanitary attitudes and bad habits which are related with parasitic infections night be done by the means of prohibition of habit of using night soils as a fertilizer, and improving eating habits and personal hygiene. 6) Chemoprophylactic measure and vaccination may be effective to prevent the infections or the development of a parasite to adult in the bodies when the bodies were invaded by parasites. Further studies and development of this kind of measures are needed.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.192-211
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• 2018

With significant influences of old industrial complex in September 2009, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport chose the 4 districts for the first pilot project. In December 2014, the second pilot project districts were established. In addition, there were 10 districts in April 2016 and 5 districts in April 2016 as the third pilot project and 5 districts in March 2017 as the fourth pilot project. In order to promote smooth business operation of the recycling business, we introduced the effective area designation and special system as stipulated in Article 39.12-13 of the Industrial Location and Development Act revised in May 2015. The effective area, It is a method that can promote propagation and diffusion of the rehabilitation business through visualization by making effective the promotion of the rehabilitation business and by promoting the business in consideration of the geographical feature of the region and industry group, The setting of the unreasonable effective area is based on the criteria and classification of the plan and the objective promotion method according to the individual characteristics of the aged industrial park because the delay of the rehabilitation business and the possibility of the increase of many problems are presented Be sure to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the old industrial complex database were constructed and utilized to classify the types of recycling projects. Therefore, in this study, it is necessary to strengthen the competitiveness of aged industrial complex by examining the correlation between the diagnosis of 83 aged industrial complex sites and the rehabilitation projects supported by the Ministry of Land, and the types of business promotion for aged industrial parks. It can be used as a guideline for the feasibility of the project.