• Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.21-28
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• 2011

이온교환막을 이용한 전기적 탈염기술은 막모듈 내에 양이온교환막과 음이온교환막을 교대로 장착시키고 모듈의 양단 전극에 전압을 적용함으로써 물속에 용존되어 있는 양이온과 음이온들을 전기의 힘을 이용하여 선택적으로 투과시키는 원리를 기반으로 하는 청정공정 기술이다. 이온교환막 공정은 전통적으로 산/알칼리의 생산, 산업폐수의 중금속의 제거, 해수의 담수화, 반도체 산업의 초순수의 제조, 해수에서 식염의 제조, 발효산업의 유기산 및 아미노산의 회수 등 다양한 산업분야에서 응용되어 왔다. 최근에는 이러한 기존의 응용분야에서 벗어나 새롭게 응용분야가 넓어지고 있다. 이온교환막과 다공성 탄소전극을 결합한 막축전식 해수담수화기술, 해수와 담수의 염도차를 이용한 역전기투석식 해수발전 등의 새로운 선택분리기능 및 응용분야를 가진 이온교환막의 개발 및 공정에 관한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 국내에서는 이온교환막이 아직 상용화되지 않고 있어 이온교환막을 이용한 응용연구가 활발하게 진행되지 못하고 있어 그 개발이 시급하다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 이온교환막을 이용한 전기투석식 탈염기술, 물분해 전기투석, 전기탈이온 공정에 관한 동향을 조사하였다. 아울러 미래의 이온교환막의 응용기술인 해수담수화기술로서 역삼투법과 경쟁하여 에너지를 낮게 소모할 것으로 예상되는 분리막을 이용한 막축전식 탈염기술과 무한한 신재생에너지원인 해수와 담수를 이용한 역전기투석 해수발전기술에 대해 기술의 원리들과 최근의 연구동향 등을 정리하였다.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2023

Traditional authentication systems typically involve users entering their username and password into a centralized identity management system. To address the inconvenience of such authentication methods, a decentralized identity authentication system based on Distributed Identifiers(DID) is proposed, utilizing decentralized identity technology. The proposed system employs QR code scanning for login, enhancing security through the use of blockchain technology to ensure the uniqueness and safety of user identities during the login process. This system utilizes DIDs and integrates the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS) to securely manage organizational members' identity information while keeping it private. Using the distributed identity authentication system proposed in this study, it is possible to effectively manage the security and personal identity of organization members. To improve the usability of the system proposed in this study, research is needed to expand it into a solution.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.233-242
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• 2000

The traditional image of hydraulic excavator started to change in two ways since 1990. First, post-heavy equipment's visual image was new waves to traditional image of heavy, strong, and wild. They are the negative aspect that excavators have. Another movement of getting rid of its negative image can be found in late-heavy equipment, which was intended to adapt traditional and positive, but off negative images. In 1990s, the design trend is moving from warm/hard to warm/soft, and KOBELCO can be exceptional example that went even further, gone up to cool-soft image. KOBELCO specially aimed 'post- excavator image' strategy, which has been successful. Image of cabin as a human space changed little bit further than outside image. Each company tried to differentiate the design of cabin focusing on its safety. Following paragraphs show specific trend of image change in form, colour, texture, and the composition. Major visual image change in form tries to follow the image of cars and home appliances which are showing the movement from tough and hard image to soft one. Structural change on local image shows the movement from angular edge to edgeless and the movement of cabin's pillar C placed to back of the equipment with gentle inclination. All of these movements are the result of effort to improve traditional excavator's negative image, that top structure is assembled separately, to positive ones. Today's tendency about its color becomes important to apply two different colour styles. Each style has brightness and tone comparison. As an enormous power convey system, it was in common that its brightness comparison was useful because of the alarm of its damage possibility. However, as its colour control and its design have been emphasized gradually, the tone comparison takes a part in an important role, too. As an example, there is an occasion that these comparisons are compromised simultaneously. In the respect of its image creation, its texture treatments make the tendency of being the same as passenger cars. It is caused from its development of the manufacture techniques of from the fabrication method in small business to the press method in big firm. Further, it is also because of its improvement of painting & coating skills. It may prohibit the reflection effect from solar rays. In the point of view of its visual images, it is recognized the prominent tendency that its composition has been gradually decreased. Lots of windows and the frames tends dark-colour as a whole. It is more preferred to have one colour image, but except KOBELCO and HITACHI. As well, there is another high-tendency to improve its standard treatments, especially for its corner and texture treatments.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2004

Today we seem to be flooded with digital culture as the age of information has reached its peak. As fusion culture has been generalized, in which the arts and culture of the East and the West are in harmony, and quality of life has been improved, people are enjoying more abundant cultural benefits than ever. In such a situation, we may lose the origin of our culture and disregard our traditional culture due to the mixture of cultures. In addition, it is necessary at this point to distinguish pure culture from mixed one and to re-illuminate the value of our original culture for the next generation. Therefore, the author took interested in Dongraeyaryu, a large-scale festival in Busan, which has been designated as an important intangible cultural property, and carried out a research for its continuous instruction and activation. among contents such as music, costume, dancing and stage properties that compose intangible cultural property, this study selected costume, which has significant visual effects and large differences in shape between old one and contemporary one, for development. By proposing modernized design of costume preferred by the new generation and in harmony with the masks, this study wished to narrow the generation gap, to direct young people's attention to the learning of tradition and to propose motives that activate the culture of local festival.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.24-35
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• 2023

Recently, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport presented the '6th Construction Technology Promotion Basic Plan' and 'Smart Construction Revitalization Plan (2022.7.20)'. Off-Site Construction (OSC), which involves construction and production of PC (Precast Concrete) and Modular, etc., has advantages in shortening the construction period, reducing costs, improving quality, reducing construction waste, and reducing safety accidents. However, the construction cost is high compared to the traditional RC construction method, which has hindered its utilization and spread. In this study, OSC utilization was improved. An economic analysis indicator and methodology that can support decision-making in the planning and design stages for multi-unit housing were proposed. The factors used in the economic analysis of OSC (based on the PC method) of apartment houses were reviewed. As for the indicators used in the cost and benefit section, 'Construction Period', 'Disaster Occurrence', 'Waste Generation', and 'Greenhouse gas Emission', which reflect the technical advantages of OSC, were derived. In addition, a scenario analysis was conducted based on actual apartment housing case data for the presented economic analysis indicators and benefit calculation standards. The level of benefit that offsets the difference between the existing RC construction method and the construction cost was reviewed. In future studies, it will be necessary to conduct additional case studies to apply the measurement criteria for detailed indicators and supplement the benefit indicators.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.18
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• pp.5-46
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• 2009

The origin of Korean mime is traceable to sacred actions of prehistoric age. There are materials about mime of this age in the archeological materials of this age, oral literature/myth, and written literature about this age. There were traces of the most original form of mime in primitive ritual of tribal nation age. The mimes of Samkooksidae/Tree Nation Age of Korea were presented to forms of Kamoobekhee(歌舞百戱)/Sanakbekhee(散樂百戱). We can discover traces of mime of this age in Hosunmoo(胡旋舞), Gwangsumoo(廣袖舞), Kweraehee(傀儡戱), Keeak(伎樂), Kummoo(劍舞) Muaemoo(無㝵舞), and so forth. Especially, Keeak in Beckjae was mask mime of Buddhistic contents. We can recognize that secular theatres were more diversified and strengthened than sacred thaetres in Nambukgooksidae/South-north Nation Age. According to these changes, there were many changes in the mime of this age. We can concretely find traditions of mime of this age in Cheryongkamoo(處容歌舞), Hwangchanmoo(黃倡舞), Taemyun(大面), Wuljen(月顚), Sodok(束毒)', Sanyae (狻猊), and so forth. Mimes of Koreasidae/Korea Age take diverse forms of puppet play, mask play, dance play. Established traditional mimes as Cheryongkamoo(處容歌舞) were widely disseminated in society. And dance plays of mime form as Hunsundo(獻仙桃), Pokurak(抛毬樂), Yunhwadae(蓮花臺)' were imported from Song Nation of China. Mime of Chosundidae/Chosun Age were developed with changes of theatre that were divided into Kyusickjeehee[規式之戲] as Kwangdae(廣大), Ser-in(西人), Joojil(注叱), Rongryung(弄鈴), Kendoo(斤頭) and Sohakjihee[笑謔之戱] as Soochuk(水尺) Sengkwangdae(僧廣大). Styles of theatre in this age were specialized into mudangkuk, Pungmoolkut, Inhyunguk/Puppet play, Talnoree/Mask paly, Pansori, Kungjoong Kamuakguk. According to this changes, mime of this age were specialized into diverse aspects. Korean mime were specialized into Kutnorum-formed mime, Inhyungnorum-formed mime, Jabsaeknorum-formed mime, Talnorum-formed mime, Kungjoongmuyong-formed mime, Pansori-formed mime, and so forth.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.34
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• pp.111-131
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• 2017

Korean Shamanism has long been regarded as the peripheral cult or supersition by the majoriy of the society. This fact is a result by the influence of the mass media, especially the motion pictures, which intentionally reflected the negative images of the Shamanism. The documentary films, which stress the objectivity and the reality, rather disclose the neutral position toward the Shamanism. In fact, the directors of the documentary films who have more or less close relationship with the Shamanism have tried to exhibit the mental world and the traditionality of the Shamanism. In this paper, I will explore the value of Shamanism reflected in the documentary films. I focus of two films; directed by the Korean and directed by a foreigner. In this way, I can compare the attitudes of the two directors toward the Korean Shamanism. The director of confessed that he was attracted by the aspect of a musical underlied in the shaman ritual. However, the film does not show the artistic beauty of the shaman music because the director failed to understand the essential aspect of the shaman ritual, that is, the music. In this way, the director failed to show the distinct characteristics of the shamanism to the audience. The director of , a music herself, was focused on the music of the shamanism. The story flows to the adventure to seek a "master" with a long journey to enjoy diverse genres of Korean performing arts. This story resembles the epic shaman song, the Princess Bari. In this way, the audience can easily grasp the beauty of Korean culture. Music is said to be a universal language and, at the same time, a non-universal language which reflects a special trait of a cultural community. The Korean shaman ritual music is a non-universal language that is an accumulation of the Korean culture for a long time. The Korean director fails to exhibit the essential characteristics of the Shamanism since he does not have enough knowledge toward the shaman ritual music in . However, the foreign director, who is a music herself, successively disclose the underlying beauty of Korean shaman ritual music and Korean traditional culture in .

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.39
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• pp.350-373
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• 1999

The patient population of U. S. state mental hospitals has changed drastically since the 1960s, when the deintstitutionalization movement began. This paper is designed to look at what happened to the number of inpatients of state hospitals in California during the last 150 years and, from this, to explore implications for the future of the mental health system in Korea, especially for the viability of mental hospitals. The data had been collected by field research(visits to state hospitals and State Department of Mental Health, and interviews with mental health administrators) and accessing statistical publications and various reports. Since the first state hospital opened in 1851 the statewide inpatient population of individuals who were mentally disabled has grown and peaked at 37,489 in 1959. The number of patients in state hospitals, however, began declining in the early 1960s and was reduced to 10,874 by 1971, and to 4,973 by 1986. As of 1997, there were only 4, 263 inpatients remaining in the state hospital system. This dramatic decrease slowed down somewhat in 1980s and 1990s, but this trend seems irreversible except for the inpatients referred by the court. Now the beds in state hospitals are filled with more and more forensic patients, which constitutes nearly 70% of the total inpatient population. Based on these findings, it is well expected that the number of inpatients of mental hospitals in Korea will also be reduced in a significant way as the community-based mental health care system is gradually replacing the traditional one. Mental hospitals need to introduce more diversified programs for the care of the mentally ill, and concurrently more vigorous aftercare programs are required in the community.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.54
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• pp.179-210
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• 2017

By redefining the concept of history, my colleagues and I have reformed our department in terms of curriculum and faculty members. This paper is a report of some of the conclusions that we have obtained from this procedure. Despite a long relationship, two disciplines do not seem to match or complement each other in the Korean education system. We believe that this is due to the fact that the Department of Korean History has focused on "national history (NH)." By conferring a privilege on NH, persons, families, societies, regions, and others were removed from NH. To make matters worse, a biased view that history is just an interpretation has prevailed, and the empiricism of history was weakened, which brought about an indifference in keeping records and archives. In East Asia, "history" means both modern history and archives. The concern about the authenticity of records did not come from H. Jenkinson or L. Duranti, and not even from the electronic environment or the Public Records Act of 1998. Key concepts such as records, documents-archives, manuscripts, authenticity, compilation-appraisal, arrangement, and description are different from their signifiant but are same or similar to their $signifi{\acute{e}}$. In case of "provenance" and "original order," they are used in education and practice in the traditional archives. History includes the recording, archiving, and the story or historiography of an event. In this context, the Department of Korean History should contain a more archives-oriented curriculum and select an archival-trained faculty. On the other hand, the department has accumulated long-term experience with appraisal and description of records; thus, archival science should absorb the criticism of the material. History will be shaken without the help of archives, while archives will lose their root without history. We are at the point in which we need to be reminded why we want to be a historian or an archivist, and for this, the more colleagues, the better.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.65
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• pp.81-106
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• 2005

This study researches the publishing circumstances and the woodblocks used in the local government office at Jeollado in Joseon dynasty. Wanyung woodblocks indicate the printing blocks which were used in Jeolla local office. Known so far, there were 11 so