• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.851-862
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• 2007

The main reason of environmental pollution and destruction due to an indiscreet development of spa is the law of spa in use. According to the law of spa, the water of spa is ordained not mineral component and its efficacy but water temperature of over $25^{\circ}C$. Therefore this research was to analyze the differences between traditional spa and newly-established spa based on heat flow, geological rock, and fault relating to spa in order to call attention to a revision of the law of spa. According to the results, the location of the traditional spas was in accord with places which are Pohang, Bugok, Dongrae and Haeundae-gu of Busan, Uljin, Chungju, Usung-gu of Daejeon, Yesan, Asan, and Ichon. The heat flow of these places is over 67mW/m2 that is an average of South Korea. Relating to a fault, 92.3% of the traditional spas concurs with a fault and 33.5% of newly-established spa is in accord with a fault. 58.2% of the traditional spas and 42.7% of the newly-established spa are consistent with the granite.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.191-198
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• 2007

The main purpose of the study is to figure out visitors' intentions for the Suanbo Spa Festival after they participated the events, programs offered from the Suanbo Festival organization. The visitors were also asked to evaluate contents, images, and convenience facilities of the festival. The study found that only visitors over 60s of age positively evaluate the festival, therefore, products such as traditional tea-making, herb-massage will attract old aged group. The findings suggests that event image and convenient facilities have impact on tourists' responses and intentions to their neighbors. The result of the study also recommend traditional participations such as horseback-riding, GaMa-riding, Korean traditional archery shooting to be added to the participating program.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.497-510
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the image similarity, preference, and the attribute recognition using multidimensional scaling. The analyses were carried out by 5 spa destinations located in Choongchung area. The results were as followings: first, considering the image similarity, the image of Suanbo & Onyang and Dogo & Asan were similar except for the Yusung. Second, considering the attribute recognition, Yusung had a stronger attribute reflecting spa tradition when compared to other competitive spa destinations. Onyang showed a strong attribute of facilities. Dogo had a stronger point about use cost. Suanbo had relatively strong attributes in terms of facilities, customer service, and accessability. However, the water quality of spa destination and activities were not reflected in attribute recognition because these two attributes was farthest from the spa destination. Third, considering the preference of selecting spa destinations, package tourists had a strong preference about Yusung, individual tourists, family, incentive tourists prefer Suanbo, followed by Dogo and Yusung. Group tourists had a strong preference about Dogo.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.344-344
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• 2022

최근 기후변화에 따른 집중호우, 태풍의 규모 및 빈도가 증가하고 있다. 도시지역은 전통적인 배수체계가 한계에 도달함에 따라 기후변화에 대한 취약성이 다른 지역에 비하여 더욱 크게 나타나 기후변화에 효과적으로 적응하기 위한 방안으로 도심녹지, 빗물정원, 투수포장 등 그린인프라 확충의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도시하천 유역 내 그린인프라 확충에 따른 강우유출특성의 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 그린인프라의 확충은 불투수층을 투수층으로 변화시켜 물순환 건전화에 기여한다. 본 연구에서는 부산의 대표적인 도시하천 유역인 온천천유역을 대상으로 강우유출모형인 HSPF를 적용하여 유역 내 투수층 증가에 따른 유출특성의 변화를 살펴보았다. 온천천 유역을 세 개의 소유역(온천천 상류, 세병교, 온천천 하류)으로 구분하고 현재 상황(불투수면적비 각각 90.98, 92.96, 94.25%)에서 불투수면적을 10%씩 감소시켜가며 유역 내 지표유출량, 침투량의 변화를 살펴보았으며, 온천천 유량(갈수량, 저수량, 평수량, 풍수량, 홍수량)의 변화를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 유역 내 불투수면적 감소에 따라 강수의 침투가 증가하고 이에 따른 지표유출이 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다. 유역 내 불투수층이 감소함에 따라 지표유출량은 최대 32%까지 감소하고 침투량은 최대 71%까지 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 온천천의 갈수량, 저수량, 평수량, 풍수량은 증가하는 반면, 홍수 시의 유량을 의미하는 홍수량은 최대 15% 이상 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 유역 내 불투수층의 감소를 통해 평상시에는 추가적인 하천유량 확보가 가능하며, 홍수 시에는 반대로 홍수량을 저감시킴으로써 이에 따른 피해를 줄일 수 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구를 통해 그린인프라가 하천유량 확보 및 홍수량 저감을 통해 유역의 물순환 건전화에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 효과적인 기후변화 적응을 위해 도시하천 유역의 그린인프라 확충을 위한 노력을 기울일 필요가 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.81-93
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• 2022

There are many natural hot springs and mineral springs as well as the cultural heritage of the three kingdoms period in the Geum River basin including Chungcheong region. No specific regeneration and publicity plans for deteriorated facilities in this area has been presented. This study aims to suggest promising hot spots and complex water culture belt in the Chungcheong region and Geum River basin through the spatial interpretation of resources. The northern part of the Geum River basin is expected to become a therapeutic spring belt with many hot springs and CO₂-rich springs. In the central and southern parts of the Geum River basin, it is considered that it will be possible to promote convergence publicity by using groundwater resources and cultural assets.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.1 s.72
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• pp.43-62
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• 2004

Conventionally the estimation method of the origin-destination Matrix has been developed by implementing the expansion of sampled data obtained from roadside interview and household travel survey. In the survey process, the bigger the sample size is, the higher the level of limitation, due to taking time for an error test for a cost and a time. Estimating the O-D matrix from observed traffic count data has been applied as methods of over-coming this limitation, and a gradient model is known as one of the most popular techniques. However, in case of the gradient model, although it may be capable of minimizing the error between the observed and estimated traffic volumes, a prior O-D matrix structure cannot maintained exactly. That is to say, unwanted changes may be occurred. For this reason, this study adopts a conjugate gradient algorithm to take into account two factors: estimation of the O-D matrix from the conjugate gradient algorithm while reflecting the prior O-D matrix structure maintained. This development of the O-D matrix estimation model is to minimize the error between observed and estimated traffic volumes. This study validates the model using the simple network, and then applies it to a large scale network. There are several findings through the tests. First, as the consequence of consistency, it is apparent that the upper level of this model plays a key role by the internal relationship with lower level. Secondly, as the respect of estimation precision, the estimation error is lied within the tolerance interval. Furthermore, the structure of the estimated O-D matrix has not changed too much, and even still has conserved some attributes.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.13-20
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• 2008

Magnetic method is rapid, cheap and simple geophysical exploration technique, and has wide range of applications such as resources prospecting, geological structure investigation and even geotechnical and environmental problems. Documents during Japanese occupation says that magnetic method was used for exploring metallic ore deposits and hot spring, and that a geomagnetic observatory was operated. From mid 1950's, magnetic explorations for natural resources such as metallic ore, uranium, coal, and groundwater were intensively executed for industrialization. Magnetic survey techniques were rapidly advanced during 1970's and 1980's with improvements of instruments, growth of geophysical manpower, and availability of computers. Decline of mining industry since mid 1980's moved the exploration objects from traditional resources to new ones such as groundwater and geothermal resources. Recently appeared applications such as natural hazard assessment, and engineering and environmental studies increased the magnetic method's utility in the realm of exploration.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.4 s.179
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• pp.403-416
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• 2006

Magnetic method is rapid, cheap and simple geophysical exploration technique, and has wide range of applications such as resources prospecting, geological structure investigation and even geotechnical and environmental problems. Especially, aeromagnetics gives fundamental and useful geoscientific data fnr not only assessment of potential resources, but also national land planning. Magnetic method, perhaps the oldest geophysical technique, was relatively early introduced into Korea. Documents during Japanese occupation says that magnetic method was used for exploring metallic ore deposits and hot spring, and that a geomagnetic observatory was operated. From mid 1950's, after Korean War, magnetic explorations for natural resources such as metallic ore, uranium, coal, and groundwater were intensively executed for industrialization. Apache aeromagnetic survey project during $1958{\sim}1959$ and its ground follow-up surveys are typical and important cases in those days. Magnetic survey techniques were rapidly advanced during 1970's and 1980's with improvements of instruments, growth of geophysical manpower, and availability of computers. The national aeromagnetic mapping project by KIGAM in 1981 showed the improved technical capability of those days. Decline of mining industry since mid 1980's moved the exploration objects from traditional resources to new ones such as groundwater and geothermal resources, and applications to investigation of geological structure were revived. Recently appeared applications such as natural hazard assessment, and engineering and environmental studies increased the magnetic method's utility in the realm of exploration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2010

This study is aimed at reviewed and analyzed in order to suggest the improved plans related to natural monuments. The summary of this study is as followings; First, Replacing the current term 'cultural properties', which denotes the meaning of 'goods', we need to devise an new categorization that separates such properties into cultural heritage and natural heritage under the national heritage framework. Second, the designation criteria for natural monuments should be divided into the individual realm for animals and plants respectively, since they are not divided in the current Act. Third, the guidelines for naming of natural monuments should be established with the following new categories in accordance with the clear standards. Fourth, such imbalances require us to give priority to the relatively neglected types and areas. Fifth, as the big and old trees account for more than a half of the designated plants, it is necessary to search out new resources(wet plant communities, seashores, sand dune plant communities, etc.) such as geological resources, mineral springs, hot springs, and fossils that are in danger of completely being exploited and exhausted. While most of the designated animals are protected nationally, the existing designation system is required to protect habitats and breeding places for the systematic and efficient conservation. Sixth, as long as we need to preserve those historical and cultural resources for the future generations from national and global perspectives, we should enhance their values by designating them as natural monuments even though they are protected by other regulations such as the natural environment area. Seventh, as a result of the survey, we found that more budgets and experts in the local governments, more empowered organizations, more active public participation should be provided for the better Natural Monument management in Korea. Eighth, the Lap of Natural Heritage in the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage needs to be developed to the Natural Heritage Institute to conduct the diverse activities such as researches, restoration, exhibition and education programs in a systematic and efficient way. Ninth and the last, major damages to natural monuments can be generally categorized into the artificial one and natural one, respectively. The artificial damages include toxics, soil covering, excessive humidity, fire, construction and management works, unlawful damages, fishing, oil spillage, etc, and the natural ones include lightning, storms(typhoons), heavy snowfalls, damage by insects and diseases, lack of prey, etc. This study will become meaningful in that it proposes specific measures for the improvement of the institutions, designation, and management of natural monuments on the basis of the comprehensive analysis on natural monuments. We wish to leave the other subjects related with this study to the future researches.