• Title/Summary/Keyword: 전침(電鍼)

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The Analgesic Effect and the Mechanism of Electroacupuncture on Thermal Hyperalgesia in the Rat Model of Collagenase-induced Arthritis: Mediation by Adrenergic Receptors (Collagenase-induced Arthritis Rat Model에서 Thermal Hyperalgesia에 대한 전침(電鍼)의 진통효과(鎭痛效果) 및 기전연구: Adrenergic Mechanism에 대(對)한 연구(硏究))

  • Seo, Byung-Kwan;Park, Dong-Suk;Baek, Yong-Hyeon
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.57-67
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    • 2011
  • 목적 : Collagenase-induced osteoarthritis(OA) 동물 모델에서 전침의 adrenergic mechanism을 연구하고자 한다. 방법 : Collagenase-induced arthritis(CIA)를 유발하기 위하여 5주령의 male Sprague-Dawley rat의 뒷다리 좌측 무릎 관절에 0.05ml의 4mg/ml collagenase solution을 intra-articular 주입하고, 다시 4일 후에 같은 부위에 같은 농도의 collagenase solution을 intra-articular boosting injection 시행한 뒤, gross, histopathological features 및 biomarker activity 변화를 관찰하였다. 예비실험을 통하여 CIA rat model에서 진통효과를 발휘하는 것으로 확인한, 족삼리(足三里) ($ST_{36}$)에 대한 저빈도 train pulse EA stimulation (2Hz, 0.07 mA, 0.3ms)을 침치료 방법으로 적용하였다. 전침의 진통기전을 확인하기 위하여, ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic antagonist (prazosin, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor antagonist (yohimbine, 2mg/kg, i.p.), ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic receptor agonist(phenylephrine, 2mg/kg, i.p.), ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor agonist(clonidine, $40{\mu}g$/kg, i.p.)을 전침시행 20분 전에 복강 내로 전처치하였다. Tail flick unit(Ugo Basile Model 7360)을 이용하여 열자극에 대한 통증역치를 측정하였다. 결과 : 퇴행성관절염 징후(gross, histopathological features)와 통증역치의 변화가 최대값을 나타내는 CIA 유발 4주차에 저빈도 전침자극(train pulse, 2Hz, 0.07mA, 0.3ms)을 족삼리($ST_{36}$)에 적용하였으며, 족삼리 전침의 진통효과는 ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor antagonist(yohimbine, 2mg/kg, i.p.)전처치에 의해 억제되었으나, ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic antagonist(prazosin, 1 mg/kg, i.p.)전처치에는 억제되지 않았다. 또 ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor agonist(clonidine, $40{\mu}g$/kg, i.p.)의 전처치를 통하여 유의한 synergistic analgesic effect가 관찰되었으나, ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic receptor agonist(phenylephrine, 2mg/kg, i.p.)의 전처치는 전침의 진통효과에 synergistic effect를 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 저빈도 족삼리 전침은 CIA로 유발된 염증성 통증에 대하여 진통효과를 발휘하며, 이는 ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic receptor에 의하여 매개되는 것으로 보이며 ${\alpha}1$-adrenergic receptor는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 사료된다.

Influence of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Electroacupuncture on C-fos Expression in Spinal Cord and Functional Recovery After Rat Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury (경피신경전기자극과 전침자극이 흰쥐 좌골신경 압좌손상 후 척수내 c-fos 발현과 기능회복에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Hyun-Min
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.187-195
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and electroacupuncture(EA) after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Subjects were classified TENS group with TENS application, EA group with EA application and Control group which is not applicated electrical stimulation. TENS and EA stimulations were applied post-injury day(PD) 1 to 14 after sciatic nerve injury. This study observed c-fos expression in rat lumbar spinal cord. In addition, the paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and sciatic function index(SFI) were measured. The results were as follows: At PD 1, control group had higher c-fos immunoreactivity than experimental groups. At PD 7 and 14, control group had higher c-fos immunoreactivity than experimental groups. The PWL of experimental groups were significantly lower than control group. The SFI had not significant difference in all groups. But the average of experimental groups were higher than control group. These results suggest that TENS and EA applications increasing sensory and motor nerve recovery while decreasing c-fos immunoreactivity after sciatic nerve crush injury.

Mutual Inhibitory Effects of Electroacupuncture Applied to Combination of ST36 and PC7 in the Rat Model of Arthritis (흰쥐 관절염 모델에서 족삼리와 대릉 배오 전침의 상호억제 효과)

  • Kim, Yeojung;Jung, Yunjung;Lee, Chang-Hyung;Koo, Sungtae
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.298-304
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : We examined mutual inhibitory effects of combined acupoints in arthritic pain induce by carrageenan(CA). Electroacupuncture(EA) is considered a potentially useful treatment for arthritis. Although the analgesic effect of acupuncture is well documented, little is understood about its biological basis. There are many previous studies of positive effect of combined acupoint, this study was conducted to see the mutual inhibitory effects produced by combined acupoint(ST36 and PC7) on arthritic rats. Methods : For the induction of inflammatory pain rat model, CA was injected into the knee joint cavity. There are four groups; EA was applied to bilateral PC7 acupoints(PC7 group), ST36 acupoints(ST36 group), and both PC7 and ST36 acupoints(ST36+PC7 group) except for the control group. The pain level were assessed to determine the change in weight bearing force. We also examined the COX-2 expression in dorsal horn using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results : The ST36+PC7 group data showed the significant reduction of weight bearing force and the induction of COX-2 protein expression compared with the ST36 group. Conclusions : Simultaneous EA applied to the ST36 and PC7 acupoints reduced the analgesic effect of the ST36 group on knee inflammatory pain.

Electroacupuncture Applied to LR2 Ameliorates Pain Behavior in The Rat Model of Inflammatory Pain (행간 전침이 흰쥐 염증성 통증 모델의 통증 행동 완화에 미치는 영향)

  • Koo, Sungtae;Choi, Woo Young
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.265-270
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    • 2017
  • Objectives : The present study aimed to examine the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture(EA) applied to the brook point of the Liver meridian in the rat model of inflammatory pain and to investigate involvement of endogenouse opioid in the EA-induced analgesia. Methods : Knee arthritis was induced by injection of $125{\mu}l$ of complete Freund's adjuvant into the knee joint cavity unilaterally. To examine the level of pain, weight bearing forces(WBFs) of affected limb was measured. EA treatment was given at the LR2, LI4 or non-acupoint on the contralateral limb with frequency of 2 Hz and intensity of 2 mA under gaseous anesthesia. Results : After induction of arthritis, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected hindlimb due to a painful knee. EA applied to the LR2 point on the contralateral hind limb produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the hind limb lasting for at least 2 h, and this effect was equivalent to that obtained by 5 mg/kg of oral indomethacin. The effect of EA was specific to the acupoint since it could not be mimicked by EA applied to the LI4 point or the arbitrary non-acupoint. The analgesic effect was blocked by pretreatment with naltrexone(10 mg/kg, i.p.). Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture applied to LR2, brook point of Liver meridian suppresses inflammatory pain in a rat model of knee arthritis and this effect seems to be mediated by endogenous opioid systems.

Effect of Electroacupuncture at SP-6 with Different Durations on Minimum Alveolar Concentration and the Cardiovascular System under Isoflurane Anesthesia in Dogs (개에서 Isoflurane 마취시 SP-6 혈위의 전침자극시간이 최소폐포농도 및 심맥관계에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeong, Seong-Mok
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.283-289
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    • 2002
  • The effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at SP-6 with different durations on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and on the cardiovascular system were evaluated in dogs under isoflurane anesthesia. Eight healthy male beagles were randomly assigned to four study groups (n = 5/group) with washout period of 7 days for recovery and anesthetic withdrawal between experiments. Four study groups were control, nonacupoint electrical stimulation (NA), EA for 30 minutes (SP-6) and continuous EA for 70 or 90 minutes (SP-6C). For the nonacupoint electrical stimulation group, needles were inserted into the nonacupoint at the muscle bellies of left triceps brachii and right quadriceps femoris. MAC and cardiovascular parameters were determined after EA at SP-6 acupoint and at nonacupoint. Thirty minutes of EA and continuous EA until re-determination of MAC at SP-6 acupoint lowered the MAC of isoflurane by 21.3$\pm$8.0% and 16.1$\pm$4.6%, respectively (p<0.05). The decrements in MAC values were not significantly different between two EA groups. However, electrical stimulation of nonacupoint did not induce a significant change in MAC. In SP-6 and SP-6C groups, significant changes in cardiovascular parameters were not observed. These results indicate that EA at SP-6 have an advantage in isoflurane anesthesia in terms of reducing the requirement for anesthetics and minimizing cardiovascular side effects. EA for 30 minutes at maximum might be the sufficient time to produce acupuncture analgesia.

Effect of Intracellular Calcium Chelator on Phosphorylation of Spinal N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor following Electroacupuncture Stimulation in Rats (칼슘 저해제가 전침자극에 의한 척수 N-Methyl-D-Aspartate 수용체 인산화에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Taek-Guen;Cho, Sung-Woo;Kang, Yeon-Kyeong;Chang, Dong-Ho;Lee, In-Seon
    • Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.27-36
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : We investigated the role of intracellular calcium chelator, bis-(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid(BAPTA), on the modulation of phosphorylation of the spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR) NR1 and NR2B subunits following electroacupuncture(EA). Methods : Bilateral 2 Hz EA stimulation with 1.0 mA was delivered at those acupoints corresponding to Zusanli(ST36) and Sanyinjiao(SP6) in man via needles for 30min. Results : EA analgesia was reduced by intra-peritoneal injection at a higher dose of BAPTA from termination of EA stimulation. At 60 min after EA treatment, the total number of c-fos-immunostained neurons in each regions of the dorsal horn in the $L_{4-5}$ segments was decreased by BAPTA injection, especially in nucleus proprius. The mean integrated optical density (IOD) of NR1 and NR2B subunits were increased only in superficial laminae of EA-treated rats when compared with normal rats. However, the mean IOD of pNR1 was significantly decreased by BAPTA injection in both the superficial laminae and neck region and pNR2B in the superficial laminae. Western blot analyses confirmed the decreased expression of pNR1 and pNR2B. Conclusions : We concluded that intracellular calcium may well play an important role in EA analgesia by modulating the phosphorylation state of spinal NMDAR subunits.

Effects of Rotarod Exercise and Electroacupuncture on Muscle Activity and Serum BDNF Level in the Ataxic Rats by the 3-Acetylpyridine (3-Acetylpyridine에 의한 운동실조 동물모델에서 로타로드 운동과 전침이 근활성도와 혈청 BDNF에 미치는 영향)

  • Rho, Min-Hee;Park, Sook-Young
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.236-246
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    • 2010
  • The 3-Acetylpyridine(3-AP) induces cerebellar injury which is chemoablation of the inferior olive nucleus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise(Ex) and electroacupuncture(EA) on muscle activity of hindlimb and serum brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the ataxia rats by the 3-AP. 12-week-aged male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the 5 groups: Control, 3-AP, 3-AP+Ex, 3-AP+EA and 3-AP+Ex+EA groups. Maximal Height Vertical Jump(MHVJ) was significantly decreased in the 3-AP compared with control group, and it was increased in Ex, EA and Ex+EA groups than 3-AP group. The muscle activity of hindlimb was significantly increased in the 3-AP groups than control group, also it was most decreased in Ex+EA group. The concentration of BDNF of the serum was significantly decreased in the Ex, EA and Ex+EA groups than 3-AP group. The results of this study showed that dynamic exercise and electroacupuncture have a positive effect on functional recovery and in the ataxia rats by the 3-AP.

Acupuncture attenuates bladder hyperactivity in the cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats (침 자극의 씨클로포스파미드로 유발한 백서 방광염 모델에서 방광의 과활동성에 대한 억제효과)

  • Chae, Youn-Byoung;Rho, Hyun;Park, Hi-Joon;Lee, Sun-Ju;Lee, Hye-Jung
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2006
  • 목 적 : 씨클로포스파미드(Cyclophosphamide, CP)는 많은 종양 질환에서 단독 혹은 다른 화학요법과 함께 사용되는 항암제이다. CP의 독성과 부작용으로 출혈성 방광염이 많은 문제를 일으키고 있다. CP로 유도된 방광염 모델은 하부요로의 통증질환을 이해하기 위한 내장성 통증의 주요한 모델로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 암컷 백서에서 CP로 유도된 방광의 과활동성에 대한 침의 효과를 관찰하기 위해 요류역학검사를 수행하였다. 방 법 : CP (200 mg/kg) 투여 18시간 후에, 지속적 생리식염수 관류 (분당 0.04 ml) 로 방광내압 측정을 통해 방광기능을 평가하였다. 관류 2시간 이후부터, 위중/곤륜 100 Hz, 위중/곤륜 2 Hz, 족삼리/삼음교 100 Hz, 족삼리/삼음교 2Hz 전침 자극을 하여 자침 전후의 방광수축간격(intercontraction interval, ICI)을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 방광내압 측정하는 동안, 방광수축간격은 CP로 유도된 방광염 모델에서 정상군에서 보다 유의하게 짧았다. CP로 유도된 방광염 모델에서, 위중/곤륜 100Hz 전침 자극은 자침 전보다 통계적으로 유의하게 $40.6\;{\pm}\;10.9\;%$ 증가시켰고, 2Hz 전침 자극은 자침 전보다 현저하게 $22.1\;{\pm}\;13.7\;%$ 증가시켰다. 반면에, 족삼리/삼음교 전침 자극은 100Hz, 강 2Hz 전침 자극 각각 $13.7\;{\pm}\;8.1\;%,\;8.7\;{\pm}\;4.5\;%$ 약간 증가시켰다. 결 론 : 족태양방광경의 경혈에 100Hz 전칩 자극을 하여 CP로 유도된 방광의 과활동성을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과는 침 자극으로 CP로 유도된 혹은 다른 종류의 방광염을 치료하는데 효과적일 것임을 시사한다. 또한, 특정 경락의 경혈과 해당 장부의 질환의 치료에 연관성을 보여준다.

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Acupuncture Therapy for Pyometra in Small Animal (소동물의 자궁축증에 대한 침술요법의 개발)

  • Tchi-chou Nam;Hee-yung Kim;Seong-chan Yeon;Kang-moon Seo;Jong-Tae Cheng
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.404-408
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    • 1999
  • 개에서 정상 발정주기 때와 자궁 축농증에 이환 되었을 경우 이에 대한 전침 자극의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 본 실험을 실시하였다. 정상 자궁 운동은 발정기 때에 최대이었으며 발정정지기 때에 운동성이 감소되거나 결여되었다. 발정정지기 때에 전침자윽을 하거나 Prostagrandin $F_2{\alpha}$를 투여하였을 경우에는 자궁의 운동성이 크게 증가하였다. 자궁경관이 열린 자궁축농증에 이환된 두 마리에서 전침자극을 3~4일간 실시하였다. 자궁의 직경은 감소되었고 질 분비물은 증가한 후 이후 감소하였다. 환축은 회복되는 경향을 보였으나 축주의 요구에 의하여 난소자궁절제술을 시행하였다. 본 실험의 결과를 통하여 전침자극은 자궁 축농증에 이환된 환축에서 축주가 번식용으로 계속 기르기를 원한다거나 또는 난소자궁절제술을 환축에 적용하는데 있어서 수술적인 위험이 높을 때에 적용 가능한 새로운 치료적 대안이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

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