• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 1990

Extraction and analysis conditions of di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DOA) and its migration contents into foods wrapped with plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film during storage and cooking with microwave were examined using gas chromatography. Experiments on the extraction solvent and method showed that the method of reflux using carbon tetrachloride for longer than one hour allowed the highest extraction of DOA. Analysis of four PVC wrap films from different factories in domestic market showed the DOA contents of 18.9% for home-use and 24.6% for retail-use on the average. The highest migration during storage was observed in pork belly, which were 21% and 26% after one and three days respectively. During microwave cooking; smaller than 5.5% of DOA were migrated into foods when the film was not contacted with foods, whereas about 49% migration was observed in pork belly contacted with film directly.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1997

The effects of microwave treatment on the perservation of foods, such as a seaweed soup and sea stoned radish shreds, were studied. Microwave treatment of microbial cell suspensions revealed that viable cells decreased dramatically when heated to 6$0^{\circ}C$. However, it was unlikely that microwave treatment to 60 is enough to decrease the viable cell counts efficiently in a seaweed soup and radish shreds. It was thought that microwave heating to at least 7$0^{\circ}C$ as a final temperature was an important factor to reduce microbial cell counts in foods. When foods were heated to 7$0^{\circ}C$ with a repetitive 15 sec "on" followed by 30 sec "off", no big differences were observed in viable counts during storage at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 days, as compared to those treated with a full power. The microwave treatment with three stages was designed to solve problems associated with variations depending on food volumes and difficulties of heat diffusion in a solid food to be irradiated with a microwave oven. The three stage method was found to have a similar efficiency in the reduction of viable cell counts in foods to microwave treatment at a full power and to conventional methods, such as water bath heating or boiling for 3 min with a gas range.in with a gas range.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.175-175
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• 2012

플라즈마를 이용하는 공정은 평판 디스플레이와 박막 트렌지스터, LCD 같은 반도체 산업에 널리 사용되고 있다. 최근 이와 같은 산업을 위한 공정은 마이크로 단위 이하에서 진행되고 있으며, 그 크기가 작아질수록 공정을 위한 비용은 증가하게 되었다. 따라서 제품의 대량생산 및 원가절감을 위해 웨이퍼의 대구경화가 진행되었고, 그런 대구경의 웨이퍼을 생산하기 위한 대면적 플라즈마 소스 개발 역시도 필요하게 되었다. 그리고 2014년에는 450 mm 크기의 웨이퍼가 사용될 것으로 예상되고 있다. 450 mm 대구경 웨이퍼용 유도결합플라자마 장치를 이용하여 플라즈마의 특성을 Langmuir probe를 사용하여 측정하였다. 플라즈마를 방전시키는 안테나의 형태는 spiral 형태의 안테나를 사용하였고, 이중주파수를 사용하기 위해 spiral 형태의 안테나를 두개로 나누어 안쪽의 안테나에는 2 Mhz를 바깥쪽의 안테나에는 13.56 Mhz를 인가하였다. 공정 압력은 10 mTorr로 유지하고 안쪽의 2 Mhz 안테나에는 100~800 W까지 변화시키고 바깥쪽의 13.56 Mhz 안테나에는 100~1,000 W까지 변화시켜 그 때의 플라즈마의 특성을 분석해 보았다. Langmuir probe를 이용하여 방전된 플라즈마를 관찰한 결과, 기판 위에서의 플라즈마 균일도가 4~23%가 되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 13.56 Mhz의 인가되는 파워를 고정 시키고 2 Mhz만을 변화시켰을 경우 2 Mhz의 파워를 400 W까지 증가시켰을 때는 플라즈마의 밀도가 서서히 증가하였으나 400 W 이상에서는 밀도가 크게 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 하지만 플라즈마의 온도와 potential의 경우 밀도와는 반대로 2 Mhz에 인가되는 파워가 증가 될수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 위의 실험을 통해 우리는 전자에너지분포함수(EEDFs)를 얻을 수 있었고, 그 안에서 낮은 주파수(2 Mhz)를 이용하여 낮은 에너지를 가진 전자의 밀도를 조절할 수 있다는 것과 높은 주파수(13.56 Mhz)에 인가된 파워가 증가함에 따라 높은 에너지를 얻을 수 있다는 결과를 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1010-1014
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• 2007

This study was designed to determine the trans fatty acid (tF A) contents of 41 take-out food items in Daejeon and Chungcheong Province. Total fatty acid composition and tFA contents of samples were determined by gas chromatography (GC) after fat extraction (Folch method). Maximum fat content among the observed samples was obtained from theater popcorn (13.74${/cdot}$38.09%) while minimum content was observed from the glutinous rice doughnut. 31${/cdot}$5.44%). The contents of tFA (g/100 g food) in toasts, glutinous rice doughnut and ggwabaegi (twisted doughnut sold in streets) ranged from 0.02 to 0.56 g while those in fried sweet potatostick (from highway resting place), fried squid and theater popcorn ranged from 0.05 to 3.08 g/100 g. As a result, most samples showed the tFA content as less than 1 g (g/100 g food) except one sample from theater popcorn which contained 3.08 g (g/100 g food) as tFA content.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2019

Flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays with organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) backplanes have been studied. A gate driver is required to drive the OLED display. The gate driver is integrated into the panel to reduce the manufacturing cost of the display panel and to simplify the module structure using fabrication methods based on low-temperature, low-cost, and large-area printing processes. In this paper, pseudo complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic gates are implemented using OTFTs for the gate driver integrated in the flexible OLED display. The pseudo CMOS inverter and NAND gates are designed and fabricated on a flexible plastic substrate using inkjet-printed OTFTs and the same process as the display. Moreover, the operation of the logic gates is confirmed by measurement. The measurement results show that the pseudo CMOS inverter can operate at input signal frequencies up to 1 kHz, indicating the possibility of the gate driver being integrated in the flexible OLED display.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1529-1536
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• 2004

This study was designed to determine total trans fatty acids (tFAs) content of processed foods commonly consumed in the Korean diet and to prepare the database for the estimation of tFAs intake in Koreans. Total fat and tFAs content was determined by Soxhlet extraction method and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), respectively. The tFAs positional isomers were analyzed using GC/MS spectrometer. In margarines, the content of tFAs ranged from 8.27% to 28.53%. Shortenings contained higher levels of tFAs (1.98~11.33%) than lards (1.83~1.96%). The content of tFAs in grilled confectioneries was wide (7.37~26.54%). Instant popcorns contained the highest amount of tFAs. Fried chickens had 0.44 to 14.85% of tFAs and french fries had 5.18 to 27.01% of tFAs. In fried snacks (crispy) and chocolates, tFAs were not detected. The amount of tFAs per serving size was the highest in instant popcorn, followed by french fries, fried snack (tortilla), doughnuts, and grilled confectioneries. TFAs isomer of margarines was mostly C18:1${\Delta}$9t. In shortenings and lards, the most abundant positional isomer of tFAs was C18:1${\Delta}$9t and C18:2${\Delta}$9t ${\Delta}$12t. Correlation coefficient of tFAs content between IR and GC/MS method was $r^2$=0.91.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2002

It is observed the characteristic of the microwave air plasma in the wide range of the operating pressure, 1 mTorr ~ 760 Torr. The microwave air plasma was generated by an AC-type microwave source manufactured with a magnetron taken from a commertial microwave oven and the input power was fixed at 370 W. Characteristics of the plasmas were observed by an injection Langmuir probe and an OES(Optical Emission Spectroscopy). The breakdown electric field is drastically changed at 500 mTorr. For < 500 mTorr, the ratio of the breakdown electric field and the pressure decreased inversely to the pressure, $5.7\times10^4$V/m-Torr.However, the ratio increased linearly as 43 V/m-Torr for the operating pressure, > 500 mTorr. The minimum breakdown electric field was observed about 12. kV/m at 500 mTorr. It corresponds that the input frequency equals to the collision frequency. The effective collision cross section of the air at this pressure was calculated as $9.23\times10^{-l6}\textrm{cm}^2$.The results of the OES measurement revealed that the main ions were composed of the oxygen, argon, and nitrogen for > 500 mTorr. In contrast, only oxygen and argon ions were dominated for < 500 mTorr. ion temperature of oxygen (O(II)) in the air was decreased from about 1.2 eV to 0.5 eV as the pressure increased. Langmuir probe data shows that the plasma density for < 500 mTorr was higher that for > 500 mTorr.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.124-133
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• 2011

In addition to six substances regulated in EU RoHS including lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), priority substances are identified in new RoHS II as hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). In this study, 20 plastic samples were collected from 12 domestic electrotechnical companies and levels of four restricted substances were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Among 20 parts that compose washer, refrigerator or microwave oven, HBCDD was detected in three samples of NBR material with the amount of 42~381 mg/kg while DBP and BBP was not detected in any samples collected respectively, implying that these substance may not be used widely in plastic materials for EEE. However, DEHP was detected in all samples of NBR, PP, PBT, EPDM and PVC materials with the amount of 42 up to 59,400 mg/kg that exceeds the limit value of 0.1 wt% (1,000 mg/kg). Presence of a restricted substance in polymer material makes a great negative influence on a number of final product. To cope with coming RoHS II as well as REACH, action not to use DEHP in plastic material or the relevant notification in case of REACH seems to be needed. Screening test of Arsenic compounds such as diarsenic pentaoxide, diarsenic trioxide, lead hydrogen arsenate, triethyl arsenate that are included in REACH SVHC was done by ICP measurement Arsenium was detected in four samples made of NBR and PBT materials in the level of 15~700 mg/kg. By considering the screening method used in this study, the amount of arsenium compounds in the thermistor made of PBT material has a high chance of exceeding the regulated limit value.