• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 2002

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a very slowly growing and directly invasive cancer. The treatment of choice is complete surgical resection but if major complications associated with remaining carcinoma occur, aggressive conservative treatment to prevent complication is able to gain long term survival even though remaining carcinoma metastases to other organs. We experienced a case of surgical treatment of uncontrollable fever that caused by multiple lung abscesses due to obstruction of left main bronchus with adenoid cystic carcinoma. The post operative course was uneventful for 4 months to now.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.992-998
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• 2018

Cancer cells grow in an environment composed of various components that supports tumor growth. Major cell types in the tumor microenvironment are fibroblast, endothelial cells and immune cells. All of these cells communicate with cancer cells. Among infiltrating immune cells as an abundant component of solid tumors, macrophages are a major component of the tumor microenvironment and orchestrates various aspects of immunity. The complex balance between pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral effects of immune cell infiltration can create a chronic inflammatory microenvironment essential for tumor growth and progression. Macrophages express different functional programs in response to microenvironmental signals, defined as M1 and M2 polarization. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) secret many cytokines, chemokines and proteases, which also promote tumor angiogenesis, growth, metastasis and immunosuppression. TAM have multifaceted roles in the development of many tumor types. TAM also interact with cancer stem cells. This interaction leads to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. TAM obtain various immunosuppressive functions to maintain the tumor microenvironment. TAM are characterized by their heterogeneity and plasticity, as they can be functionally reprogrammed to polarized phenotypes by exposure to cancer-related factors, stromal factors, infections, or even drug interventions. Because TAMs produce tumor-specific chemokines by the stimulation of stromal factors, chemokines might serve as biomarkers that reflect disease activity. The evidence has shown that cancer tissues with high infiltration of TAM are associated with poor patient prognosis and resistance to therapies. Targeting of TAM in tumors is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for anti-cancer treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 1992

Gestational choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumor which arises from the trophoblast of human pregnancy. This tumor develops early pulmonary metastasis and the most common pattern of pulmonary metastasis is discrete multiple nodules. But occasionally solitary pulmonary metastasis occurs. Authors presented three cases of choriocarcinoma presented with different types of solitary pulmonary metastases with review of literatures. We emphasize the importance of careful obstetric history taking and screening of serum gonadotropin level in differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary lesion especially among women who are from areas of high prevalence of trophoblastic neoplasia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2008

Background: The presence of infiltrated mediastinal lymph nodes is a crucial factor for the prognosis of lung cancer. The aim of our study is to investigate the pattern of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that spreads to the mediastinal lymph nodes, in relation to the primary tumor site, in patients who underwent major lung resection with complete mediastinal lymph node dissection. Material and Method: We retrospectively. studies 293 consecutive patients [mean age $63.0{\pm}8.3$ years (range $37{\sim}88$) and 220 males (75.1%)] who underwent major lung resection due to non-small cell lung cancer from January 1998 to December 2005. The primary tumor and lymph node status was classified according to the international TNM staging system reported by Mountain. The histologic type of the tumors was determined according to the WHO classification. Fisher's exact test was used; otherwise the chi-square test of independence was employed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Lobectomy was carried out in 180 patients, bilobectomy in 50, sleeve lobectomy in 10 and pnemonectomy in 53. The pathologic report revealed 124 adenocarcinomas, 138 squamous-cell tumors, 14 adenosquamous tumors, 1 carcinoid tumor, 8 large cell carcinomas, 1 carcinosarcoma, 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas and 5 undifferentiated tumors. The TNM stage was IA in 51 patients, IB in 98, IIB in 41, IIIA in 71, IIIB in 61 and IV in 6. 25.9 % of the 79 patients had N2 tumor. Most common infiltrated mediastinal lymph node was level No.4 in the right upper lobe, level No. 4 and 5 in the left upper lobe and level No. 7 in the other lobes, but no statistically significant difference was observed. Thirty-six patients (12.3%) presented with skip metastasis to the mediastinum. Conclusion: Mediastinal lymph node dissection is necessary for accurately determining the pTNM stage. It seems that there is no definite way that non-small cell lung cancer spreads to the lymphatics, in relation to the location of the primary cancer. Further, skip metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes was present in 12.3% of our patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 1995

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) of the maxilla is a rare malignant bone tumor Seven percents of all MFH occur in the head and neck. Approximately $12{\%}$ of these tumors occur in the maxilla. Local recurrence or distant metastasis was reported in $55{\%}$ of cases of maxillary MFH. The mean survival time of 30 months was reported from a review of 14 MFHs in the maxilla, mandible and oral soft tissues. MFH of the maxilla is best treated surgically but radical neck dissection does not appear to be indicated unless there is clinical evidence of lymph node metastases Although the use of radiation therapy for head and neck MFH has not been studied for a series of cases, individual cases of regression or histological change have been reported. Other authors have reported numbers of cases who received radiation therapy without benefit. Response to combination chemotherapy has been reported in $33{\%}$ of 23 patients with recurrent or metastatic MFH. We report here a case of MFH occurring in the maxilla with a review of literature about the clinical behavior and treatment of these lesions.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.260-262
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• 1998

Metastatic squamous carcinoma of the head and neck may rarely present as a cyst in the cervical region. The true incidence of metastatic cystic neck mass is unknown. It is difficult to differentiate metastatic cystic neck mass from congenital cystic neck mass with physical examination and fine needle aspiration biopsy. So the differential diagnosis is dependent on the age of the patient, and therefore in the patient over the 40 years of age, the possibility of a metastatic neck mass should be considered. We report a metastatic cystic neck mass which had been misdiagnosed as a branchial cleft cyst.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.173-177
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• 2000

A 3-year-old male Tosa was presented the severe dyspnea, emaciation and dehy dration. By echocardiograpy, right ventricle was found to be a mobile mass dynamically occluding the right ostium atrioventriculare in the systolic phase. At necropsy, 14 days after ultrasonography multiple tumor masses of various size were observed in the heart base, right ventricular lumen, myocardium, lung and liver. Histopathologically, the tumor cells, arranged in sheets or nests, were diagnosed as metastatic intracavitary cardiac aortic body tumor

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.3
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• pp.687-692
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• 2022

Male breast cancer is rare, accounting for approximately 1% of breast cancers. Metastasis from extra-mammary malignancy to the breast in men is extremely rare. The most common primary tumors that metastasize to the breast in male are prostate, lung, stomach, colorectal cancer, melanoma, and sarcoma. To our knowledge, only a few cases of bladder cancer presenting with metastasis to the male breast have been reported, and metastasis with infiltration rather than mass is extremely rare. We report imaging findings on mammography and ultrasonography in a 59-year-old male with bladder cancer metastatic to the breast.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.729-736
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• 2021

Multiple primary malignant neoplasms refer to two or more malignancies in an individual that are not related. We report a case of a 78-year-old male with concurrent breast mucinous carcinoma and extramammary lymphoma. The patient initially presented with palpable masses in the left breast and the right groin, which were pathologically confirmed after a surgical biopsy as breast mucinous carcinoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, respectively. He underwent whole-body 18-fluorine deoxyglucose PET/CT before surgery, and an enhancing nodular lesion in the left lingual tonsil was found incidentally. It was later confirmed as a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, a pathology of the same type as the right inguinal mass. Unspecified lymphadenopathies in breast cancer patients may easily be considered as metastatic lesions. However, this case suggests that lymphomas should be included in the differential diagnoses to avoid misdiagnosis and treatment delay, especially in older adult patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.123-126
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• 2009

Cryptococcosis is a subacute or chronic inflammation that's caused by infection from cryptococcus neoformans in the soil or dust that's contaminated by pigeon droppings. Pulmonary cryptococcosis occurs in immunocompromised patients, and particularly in HIV positive patients, but it rarely occurs in immunocompetent individuals. It is most often detected as asymptomatic single or multiple nodules that are found by chest X-ray examination. In these situations, the diagnosis for most cases is made by the histology of the resected lesion. We report here on a case of solitary nodular pulmonary cryptococcosis that occurred in a 32 years old female patient who underwent thyroidectomy for treating her thyroid cancer.