• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.3 s.52
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• pp.153-158
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• 1982

The study was conducted to obtain the basic information on the diseases epidemics of vegetable crops grown in Namji, Jinju, Gimhae and Suncheon under the extremely varied and specified conditions, plastic film house. The disease survey was conducted from the end of April, 1951 to April 1982. Leaf mold and late blight were serious foliar disease in tomato during the seedling stage, especially when the infected seeds were sown. The diseases increased rapidly 35 days after seeding. In both continuous cultivation of cucumber and rotation with upland crops, incidence of Fusarium wilt was severe while incidence of the disease was negligible in cultivations after paddy rice or grafting on pumpkin. Downy mildew of cucumber was severe in Jinju and Suncheon area, however, it was not so serious in Namji area where the growing season of cucumber was unfavorable for the maximum disease incidence. Cucumber mosaic virus disease was prevalent in the areas surveyed and the disease incidence was increased rapidly after June. Powdery mildew prevailed at the early stage of cucumber growth after transplanting in Namji area. Root rot and wilting caused by Phytophthora capsici was as the most destructive disease in pepper grown under the vinyl house, especially in Namji and Jinju area where the pepper has been cultivated intensively. The Phytophthora attacked most parts of young plants during the winter time and then induced crown rot on the adults plants. Cultivation of pepper in vinyl house was almost impossible because of the Phytophora disease by the end of June. Virus diseases to tomato plants were prevalent throughout the surveyed area and the damage was also severe. In Jinju and Gimhae area leaf mold and late blight showed high infection rate in tomato during the harvest time.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1188-1194
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• 2017

Gochujang, a traditional Korean food, is fermented by mixing red pepper powder, various grain, meju and salt. Changes in the kind of ingredients and fermentation method could increase health functionalities. In this study, in vivo anti-colitis effects of gochujang prepared with mixed grains, bamboo salt baked 3 times and meju starters on DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice were studied. We prepared gochujang prepared with mixed grains (MG), bamboo salt, and Aspergillus oryzae (A) and Baccillus subtilis (B) mixed starters (MG-AB) and gochujang prepared with MG, bamboo salt and A, B and Lactobacillus plantarum (L) mixed starters (MG-ABL). MG-AB and MG-ABL significantly increased body weight and colon length compared to the control (p<0.05). MG-ABL showed significantly decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in serum compared to the control and MG-AB group (p<0.05). MG-ABL also regulated mRNA and protein levels of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the mice colon tissue (p<0.05). Therefore, MG-ABL exhibited the increased anticolitis effects by inhibiting damage of colon tissue, probably by regulating a pro-inflammatory cytokine of IL-6 and regulated apoptosis related genes. These results indicated that gochujang changed with good ingredients and starters had colitis preventive effects and might be due to active compounds in mixed grain and bamboo salt, and produced by L during the fermentation of gochujang.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.488-490
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• 2006

In double cropping fields, there has been a risk of increase rice stripe viral disease outbreaking as the vector, small brown planthopper that overwinter in barley fields increases. Especially rice cultivation in Honam region has two types of cropping system such as rice only cropping in a season and double cropping both of rice and barley. In double cropping system, harvesting of barley could induce migration of the vector from barley to rice field. We found that the vector's density was different in rice fields by distance from barley field. The vector's density in rice field was highest 63 numbers within one meter from the neighbor barley field, and the numbers reduced greatly as the distance from barley field increases. The disease incidence according to rice cultivation methods was different, Donjin 1 was appeared to be a susceptible variety showing 2.4% and 2.5% of disease incidence in direct and transplanting cultivation, respectively. The small brown planthopper in a nearby rice field reach peak 3 days after the barley field was harvested.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.5_6
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• pp.1-7
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• 1968

The present investigation was initiated to find out the possible insect vector of the paulownia witches'-broom virus disease. 1. Among a number of piercing-sucking mouth type insects that were feeding on the witches'-broom infected Paulownia leaves, the tobacco leaf bug, Cyrtopeltis tenuis REUTER, was most abundant. Eggs, nymphs and adults of Cyrtopeltis tenuis were observed from the mid-August through the end of October. 2. It was found that Paulownia witches'-broom virus is transmitted by Cyrotopeltis tenuis. 3. On young Pnulownia plants, first symptom appeared twenty days after exposure to virus-bearing colonies of Cyrtopeltis tenuis. Forty days after exposure to these viruliferous insects, the characteristic symptom of Paulownia witches'-broom was apparent. 4. Paulownia witches' -broom virus was also transmitted by Cyrtopeltis tenuis to calendula and morning glory. No app"rent symptom was observed from tomato, carrot. aster, zinnia, cosmos, soybean and plantago at least until sixty days after exposure to the viruliferous colonies of Cyrtopeltis tenuis. 5. Calendula and morning glory appear to be highly suitable test plants for Paulownia witches'-broom vims because of their relatively short incubation period and distinct symptom appearance.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2010

The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of Baikal Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) extracts on recovery of liver function in $CCl_4$-exposed rats. The values of RBC, Hb and PCV did not show significant difference among all treatment groups. The counts of WBC was lower in Skullcap extracts groups than in control group. The ratio of neutrophils and eosinophiles were decreased, and the ratio of lymphocytes and monocytes were increased with increased administration of Skullcap extracts dosage. The ratio of basophils was, however, not significantly different among all treatment groups. The concentration of plasma total protein and albumin showed no significant difference among all treatment groups. The ratio of albumin/globulin was higher in Skullcap extracts groups than in control group. The activities of GOT, GPT and LDH were lower in Skullcap extracts groups, compared to control group. The liver IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ concentration were decreased, and IL-10 was increased in Skullcap extract groups, compared to control group. Results of this study suggested that Skullcap may alleviate liver inflammatory reaction induced by liver toxicity.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Measles virus is a highly contagious, exanthematic virus, preventable by the use of an effective live-attenuated vaccine. However, measles virus remains endemic in many area of the world causing nearly 200,000 deaths per year and still a major cause of child mortality, mostly in developing countries. In March 2014, Republic of Korea was certified as a 'national measles elimination' by the WHO as a result of a high-quality case-based surveillance system and population immunity, which was achieved by a high vaccination rate (>95.0% since 1996). But, since the beginning of 2014, the Gyeonggi province has experienced a resurgence of measles cases. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of measles viruses isolated from confirmed measles in Gyeonggi province during January 1, 2014 ~ July 31, 2014, 60 isolates were obtained from 72 confirmed measles specimens. Genotypic distributions and genetic diversities of isolated measles virus were analyzed by sequencing of nucleoprotein (N) gene. 58 (96.7%) imported cases were identified. The predominant genotype was B3, which reflects the circulating measles virus in adjacent countries. The sequences of nucleoprotein (N) gene of isolated MeV were showed that the strains characterized showed the highest degree of identity (99%) with the Philippine related strains in 2013-2014. Therefore, infected traveler returning from the Philippines transmitted secondary infection in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.1 s.84
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• pp.31-38
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• 1998

Since 1990, destructive yellow rots on Ganoderma lucidum caused by a soilborne fungus have been occurred in major cultivation areas of Korea. Incidences of the disease were 61% in Chulwon and 94% in Kanghwa area where the mushroom has been cultivated for 10 years, whereas the disease has not been found yet in new cultivation areas such as Moonkyung and Hongsung. when severely infected, inner tissues of bed-logs showed severe yellow and fruiting bodies of the mushroom was not produced. Infected tissues of bed-logs were readily distinguished from those of healthy ones by a distinctive brown border line. When the disease progressed, mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum were totally destroyed, and abundant ascocarps of the pathogen were formed inside the tissues of bed-logs showing yellowish green. The fungus derived from a single ascospore strongly lysed mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum growing on bottle media, and non-volatile components secreted by the pathogen were also highly inhibitory to mycelial growth of the mushroom fungus. The pathogen was identified as Arthrographis cuboidea based on its distinctive cultural and morphological characters. The fungus produced arthroconidia and unbrached conidiophores. The width of fungal conidia was distinctively wide as compared with the length. Colonies of the fungi were pale yellow to yellowish green on agar media. As a causal pathogen of yellow rot of Ganoderma lucidum., this fungus has not been reported yet in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1979

An experimental study was carried out to develop a rural type toilet of which the effluent could not transmit parasitic diseases at a village in Kangwon Province, Korea, during the period of January through December 1978, A drum tank (dia. 57cm$\times$90cm) and a cement tank (100cm$\times$100cm$\times$100cm) were filled with human excreta collected from toilets of the villages (the ratio of feces to urine was estimated approximately 1: 5) at once and three threecompartment toilets were constructed and used by people. pH, temperatures and viability of parasitic eggs were examined with the content of toilets. Rusults are summarized as follows: 1. pH increased from 7.0 at the beginning of experiment to 7.5 or 8.0 after 4 months of storage in drum tank as well as in cement tank and so did from 7.0~7.5 in the first tank to 8.0~8.5 in the third tank of all three-compartment toilets. 2. Temperatures of content at middle part of toilets in January through March ranged from 2 to 6$\circ$C which were 2-4$\circ$C higher than those of air, and those of lower part were again 1~2$\circ$C higher than of middle part. but temperatures of air, at middle part andat lower part in April were 14$\circ$C, 9~10$\circ$C and 8~9$\circ$C respectively, in July 29$\circ$C, 20~21$\circ$C and 19~20$\circ$C respe ctively and in October 17$\circ$C, 14$\circ$C and 14~13$\circ$C respectively. 3. All the parasitic eggs were degenerated about 4 months after filling drum tank with human excreta on 10th April while 10% of eggs were degenerated on 15th May, and all the eggs were degenerated about 4 months after filling cement tank on 24th August while about 10% were degenerated on 11th September and 20% on 4th October. 4. Degeneration rates of eggs were only 5~15% at 5cm below surface in the first tanks of three-compartment toilets while 45~65% at 50cm below, and concentration rates of eggs in second tanks were 8~12% of those in first tanks and only a few eggs were found in third tank but all of them were degenerated. Specific gravity of liquid of 1.022~1.024 in second tanks was not enough for overflowing eggs into third tanks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1595-1603
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• 2016

The present study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of Oenanthe javanica ethanol extract (OJE) and its fraction on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. OJE remarkably reduced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), resulting in inhibition of production of nitric oxide (NO). In order to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of bioactive fractions, OJE was fractionated into hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions. The results show that the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions reduced production of NO without cytotoxicity. Especially, the ethyl acetate fraction effectively reduced protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. Proinflammatory cytokine production was also reduced by ethyl acetate fractions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. These data suggest that OJE and its fraction possess pharmacological activity and might be useful for development of anti-inflammatory agents or dietary supplements.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study investigated anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisia Capilaris Thunberg in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rats. Methods : We divided lipopolysaccharide-exposed Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups. They were normal group, feed with 100 mg/kg Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg group, feed with 200 mg/kg Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg group and feed with 300 mg/kg Artemisia capilaris Thunberg group. They were administered for 6 weeks. We measured counts of red blood cell(RBC), the values of hemoglobin(Hb) and packed cell volume(PCV), plasma total protein concentration, albumin concentration, the ratio of albumin/globulin, the activities of plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), the counts of white blood cell(WBC), the ratio of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, the concentration of plasma interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$), plasma interleukin-6(IL-6), plasma tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$), plasma interleukin-10(IL-10), the concentration of liver $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-10. Results : Counts of RBC and the values of Hb and PCV, plasma total protein concentration and albumin concentration, the activities of plasma GOT, GPT and LDH showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. and the ratio of albumin/globulin was increased in Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups. The counts of WBC showed lower values in Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, In the ratio of neutrophils Thunberg groups. The ration of monocytes, basophils and eosinophils were below 5%, and showed no characteristic trend. The concentration of plasma interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$), plasma inerleukin-6(IL-6) and plasma tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$) showed a lower values in the Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, and the concentration of plasma interleukin-10(IL-10) showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. The concentration of liver $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 showed a lower values in the Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups than those of control group, however the concentration of liver $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-10 showed no significant difference in the treatment groups. Conclusions : The Artemisia Capillaris Thunberg groups gives positive results of anti-inflammatory response by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) derivation.