• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.2259-2266
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• 2016

Recently dense wireless local area networks (WLANs) emerge as the number of WLAN cells and stations increases. In such dense WLAN environment, this paper proposes a new distributed medium access control (MAC) protocol. The proposed MAC protocol extends the previous CSMA with collision resolution (CSMA/CR) that uses a single collision detection (CD) phase and employs multiple CD phases to resolve more collisions. It checks the collision detection in each CD phase and stops the CD phase if consecutive non-detected CD phases occur more than the threshold. Therefore, the proposed protocol can control the number of CD phases adaptively according to the number of accessing stations and increase the probability of collision resolution while decreasing the packet overhead. The simulation results show that the proposed adaptive CSMA/CR protocol employs a variable number of CD phases according to the number of stations and achieves a greater throughput than the previous CSMA/CR protocol using the fixed number of CD phases.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.11-18
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• 2011

The increasing of web users load to the excessive transmission traffic and system overload problems. To solve these problems, cluster systems are studied. In conventional cluster systems, when the request size is large owing to such types as multimedia and CGI, the particular server load and response time tend to increase even if the overall loads are distributed evenly. In this paper, we consider the methodology of efficient resource usage, specially distributed web cluster system. We develope an algorithm that distributes the load on the web cluster system to use the system resources, such as system memory equally. The response time is chosen as a performance measure on the various clustering models. And based on the concurrent user to the web cluster system, the response time is also examined as the number of users increases. Simulation experience with this algorithm shows that the response time and average throughput seems to have a good results compare to those with the other algorithm.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.261-267
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• 2016

In this paper, we studied the range-free localization algorithm between sensor nodes based on the Radical Line for sensor networks. Routing in wireless sensor networks should reduce the overall energy consumption of the sensor network, or induce equivalent energy consumption of all the sensor nodes. In particular, when the amount of data to send more data, the energy consumption becomes worse. New methods have been proposed to address this. So as to allow evenly control the overall energy consumption. For this, the paper covers designing a localization algorithm that can obtain the location information of the peripheral nodes with fewer operations. For the operation of the algorithm is applicable Radical Line. The experimental environment is windows 7, the Visual C ++ 2010, MSSQL 2008. The experimental results could be localized to perform an error rate of 0.1837.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.316-328
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose and analyze two adaptive channel allocation schemes for supporting multimedia traffics in hierarchical cellular systems. It is guaranteed to satisfy the required quality of service of multimedia traffics according to their characteristics such as a mobile velocity for voice calls and a delay tolerance for multimedia calls. In the scheme 1, only slow-speed voice calls are allowed to overflow from macrocell to microcell and only adaptive multimedia calls can overflow from microcell to macrocell after reducing its bandwidth to the minimum channel bandwidth. In the scheme II, in addition to the first scheme, non-adaptive multimedia calls can occupy the required channel bandwidth through reducing the channel bandwidth of adaptive multimedia calls. The proposed scheme I is analyzed using 2-dimensional Markov model. Through computer simulations, the analysis model and the proposed schemes are compared with the fixed system and two previous studies. In the simulation result, it is shown that the proposed schemes yield a significant improvement in terms of the forced termination probability of handoff calls and the efficiency of channel usage.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.1734-1741
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• 2007

In this paper, the Hybrid SC/MRC-2/4 method in which bit synchronization and phase synchronization were not required was applied to the orthogonal MC DS-CDMA system in which each normalized subcarrier interval and processing gain had the same value, respectively, and the direct sequence spread code of each subcarrier was orthogonal. In the broadband wireless system in which multi-carrier transmission was used, a Doppler frequency shift occurred, which was caused by the difference between the highest subcarrier frequency md the lowest subcarrier frequency. In order to complement phase error caused by the shift, the orthogonal MC DS-CDMA system was analyzed so that the receiving signal could be perfectly synchronized by adjusting the PLL gain suitable for the entire system. As a result of simulations, as the PLL gain was increased, the change in the intervals was close to the case of perfect synchronization however, it became less when the PLL gain reached more than a certain value. Therefore, by selecting a proper PLL gain suitable for the system the orthogonal MC DS-CDMA can be designed in which the Hybrid SC/MRC method is applied.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.113-121
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• 2020

With the rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT), various sensors are being embedded in wearable devices. Consequently, these devices can continuously collect data including health data from individuals. The collected health data can be used not only for healthcare services but also for analyzing an individual's lifestyle by combining with other external data. This helps in making an individual's life more convenient and healthier. However, collecting health data may lead to privacy issues since the data is personal, and can reveal sensitive insights about the individual. Thus, in this paper, we present a method to collect an individual's health data from a smart band in a privacy-preserving manner. We leverage the local differential privacy to achieve our goal. Additionally, we propose a way to find feature points from health data. This allows for an effective trade-off between the degree of privacy and accuracy. We carry out experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach and the results show that, with the proposed method, the error rate can be reduced upto 77%.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1210-1230
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• 1997

In this paper, we suggest an architecture of DS/CDMA tranceiver composed of one pilot channel used as reference and multiple traffic channels. The pilot channel-an unmodulated PN code-is used as the reference signal for synchronization of PN code and data demondulation. The coherent demodulation architecture is also exploited for the reverse link as well as for the forward link. Here are the characteristics of the suggested DS/CDMA system. First, we suggest an interlaced quadrature spreading(IQS) method. In this method, the PN coe for I-phase 1st channel is used for Q-phase 2nd channels and the PN code for Q-phase 1st channel is used for I-phase 2nd channel, and so on-which is quite different from the eisting spreading schemes of DS/CDMA systems, such as IS-95 digital CDMA cellular or W-CDMA for PCS. By doing IQS spreading, we can drastically reduce the zero crossing rate of the RF signals. Second, we introduce an adaptive threshold setting for the synchronization of PN code, an initial acquistion method that uses a single PN code generator and reduces the acquistion time by a half compared the existing ones, and exploit the state machines to reduce the reacquistion time Third, various kinds of functions, such as automatic frequency control(AFC), automatic level control(ALC), bit-error-rate(BER) estimator, and spectral shaping for reducing the adjacent channel interference, are introduced to improve the system performance. Fourth, we designed and implemented the DS/CDMA MODEM to be used for variable transmission rate applications-from 16Kbps to 1.024Mbps. We developed and confirmed the DS/CDMA MODEM architecture through mathematical analysis and various kind of simulations. The ASIC design was done using VHDL coding and synthesis. To cope with several different kinds of applications, we developed transmitter and receiver ASICs separately. While a single transmitter or receiver ASC contains three channels (one for the pilot and the others for the traffic channels), by combining several transmitter ASICs, we can expand the number of channels up to 64. The ASICs are now under use for implementing a line-of-sight (LOS) radio equipment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.229-229
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• 2007

나노결정 합금재료를 전력선 통신 커플러용 자심재료로 응용하기 위해서는 고주파 대역에서의 손실 특성이 제어되어야 한다. 즉 고속 전력선 통신을 위한 자심재료의 투자율 및 완화 주파수 등의 전자기적 특성은 30MHz까지 우수하고 안정적으로 유지되어야 하며, 높은 투자율 및 자속밀도, 공진주파수뿐만 아니라 낮은 전력손실 값을 가져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 나노결점 합금 리본 표면에 딥 코팅, 졸-겔법, 진공함침 등의 방법을 이용하여 PZT, $TiO_2$ 및 $SiO_2$ 등의 산화물 고저항층을 형성시켜 자기적 성질을 유지하면서 고주파 대역의 와전류 손실을 감소시켜 통신용 자심재료로의 응용성을 향상시키고자 하였다. PZT 슬러리의 제타전위 조절을 통해 최적의 분산조건을 얻을 수 있었고, 평균 150nm인 PZT 입자의 초미립자와 가소제, 분산제, 결합제의 첨가조건을 확립할 수 있었다. 딥-코팅은 슬러리 내 유지시간 10초, 인상속도 5mm/min로 30회 반복되었을 때 가정 우수한 특성을 나타내었으며, 고주파 대역에서의 손실 감소효과를 나타내었다. 그리고 졸-겔법에 의해 제조된 슬러리를 이용한 $TiO_2$와 $SiO_2$ 산화물 저항층 코팅을 통해 금속 알콕사이드의 혼합조건 및 저항층 형성용 슬러리의 제조조건을 확립하였고, 합금 리본표면에 균일하고 우수한 점착력을 가지는 저항층을 형성시킬 수 있었으며, 이에 따른 코어손실의 감소효과를 나타낼 수 있었다. 또한 진공 함침법을 통한 저항층 형성에서, $TiO_2$ 나노분말을 표면 저항층으로 코팅했을 때, 가장 높은 코어손실 감소효과를 나타내었다. 한편, 표면 저항층이 형성된 나노결정 합금으로 제조한 자심재료를 이용하여 전력선 통신용 비접촉식 커플러에의 적용과 시험을 통해 고주파 손실 감소효과에 의한 신호전송 특성과 전류특성을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.701-713
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• 2009

This paper studies a method for reducing performance degradation due to losing sub-carrier orthogonality caused by power transient between physical channels in LTE uplink transmission. The pattern of inter-carrier interference(ICI) caused by power transient is different from what has been studied for doppler shift, in that its pattern occurs at front and rear sides of channels in each period of power transient. The reason of ICI's occurrence results from power difference between channels, power transient duration, multi-path channel delay spread, and numbers of sub-carrier. New criterion is proposed to find out number of taps of multi-tap equalizer enough to improve the ICI. The scheme is to determine the number of taps of multi-tap equalizer when a normalized interference or a normalized ICI is greater than a normalized noise. Simulation results show that the number of taps is flexibly adjusted according to SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio) of a received signal to improve Bit Error Rate(BER), while the complexity of the proposed scheme is reduced down to 88 percentage of the classical method.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.984-998
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• 1999

최근 개인 휴대 통신에 대한 관심도가 증가하면서 B-ISDN (Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network)과 같은 기존의 유선 망에서 제공하던 다양한 멀티미디어 응용 지원을 무선 망으로 확장시키기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 유선 망에서는 멀티미디어 응용 지원을 위해 QoS (Quality of Service) Provisioning에 관한 많은 연구가 되어 있으나 무선 망에서는 이동성과 무선 전파의 열악한 전송으로 인해 새로운 QoS Provisioning 방법에 관한 연구가 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 무선 망의 특수성으로 인해 발생할 수 있는 서비스의 질 저하와 강제 종료를 줄임으로써 지속적인 QoS를 보장해 주고 한정된 무선 자원을 효율적으로 사용하며 처리에 의한 오버헤드를 줄이기 위하여 다음과 같은 세 가지 방법을 제안하였다. 첫째, 핸드오프 강제 종료율을 줄이기 위하여 대역폭 예약 방법을 사용하되 특정 셀의 트래픽 특성에 맞게 또한 시간대에 따른 트래픽 특성에 따라 예약 대역폭의 양을 조절하는 적응적 대역폭 예약 방법이다. 둘째, 많은 경우 각 셀의 트랙픽 변화는 일정한 주기로 변화한다는 특성에 따라 과거의 트래픽 정보를 이용하는 예측 기반의 대역폭 예약 방법이다. 마지막으로 호의 종류, 트래픽 특성, 단말기의 이동 속도에 따라 다른 우선 순위에 의해 호 수락 제어를 수행하는 우선 순위 기반의 호 수락 제어를 제안하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 기존에 제안된 방법과 성능 비교하여, 요구되는 수준의 QoS 보장과 효율적인 자원의 사용, 요구되는 처리비용의 최소화를 통해 전체 시스템의 성능 향상을 입증하였다.Abstract As interest in wireless hand-held terminals and in personal communications services increases recently, there have been broad studies on the ways to support multimedia applications provided in wired networks such as B-ISDN (Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network) in wireless networks. However, since many studies have focused on Quality of Service (QoS) Provisioning in wired networks to provide multimedia applications, new methods of QoS Provisioning are needed in wireless networks to resolve the problem of wireless channel fading and the difficulty of mobility occurred in wireless networks. This paper proposes three schemes of QoS Provisioning in wireless networks which will make continuous QoS guarantee and efficient use of limited wireless resources possible. The first scheme reserves bandwidth in proportion to the amount of real-time traffic in the neighbor cells to decrease the handoff dropping rate of delay sensitive real-time connections, adapting reserved bandwidth for efficient resource utilization. The second scheme is predictive bandwidth reservation scheme that utilizes the past handoff information. It can decrease overheads required to adapt bandwidth reservation. The last scheme is priority-based call admission control prioritizing traffic type (real-time traffic/ non-real-time traffic), connection type (new connection /handoff connection), and mobile terminal speed (fast mobile/slow mobile). Simulation results show that the proposed QoS Provisioning schemes improve the total system performance by achieving three goals - required QoS guarantee, higher bandwidth utilization and less overhead.