• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2004

In Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT), we inject current through electrodes placed on the surface of a subject and measure the induced magnetic flux density distribution using an MRI scanner. This requires a constant current source whose output pulses are synchronized with MR pulse sequences. In this paper, we present a design and performance analysis of a current source used in a 3.0T MREIT system. The developed current source was tested using a saline phantom. We found that its performance is satisfactory for the current MREIT system. We suggest future improvements for better SNR(signal-to-noise ratio).

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.441-446
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• 2000

Wigner functions and density matrices are computer simulated for various quantum mechanical states of light. Wigner function and density matrices are evaluated by filtered back projection which includes inverse Radon transform from the distribution function of the photocurrents, which are calculated in the balanced homodyne detection scheme. The density matrix is also directly obtained by using the pattern function from the simulated phase independent photocurrent distribution function. ction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.224-224
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• 1999

KSTAR 토카막의 플라즈마 가열을 위한 NBI 장치의 대전류 이온원 방전 특성을 수소와 헬륨 개스를 사용하여 조사하였다. NBI 이온원은 빔 방향과 반대로 가속되는 전자들을 저지하는 전자덤프(electron dump), 병렬로 연결된 32개의 텅스텐 필라멘트(직경 1.5nn0, 영구자석(Nd-Fe)에 의해 만들어지는 강한 cusp 자장으로 둘러싸인 플라즈마 방전실 및 120kV의 에너지를 인가하는 가속부로 이루어지는데, 최대 빔 전류 65A에서 300초의 장시간 운전을 목표로 하고 있다. 수소와 헬륨 개스 분위기에서 안정된 플라즈마를 얻을 수 있는 필라멘트 전류의 파형을 각각 구하고, 기체압력(0.01~0.4 mbar) 및 아크 전류(100~1200A에)에 따른 플라즈마 파라메타 값들을 직경 1mm의 Langmuir probe를 이용하여 측정하였다. 또한 이온원 운전에 중요한 파라메타인 방전실 내의 플라즈마 밀도 분포와 장시간 운전 가능성에 대한 조사도 수행하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.45.3-46
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• 2009

홀 추력기는 비교적 간단한 구조와 작은 크기 및 높은 연료효율로 미래 소형위성의 핵심기술로 주목 받고 있다. 이 연구실에서는 2010년 발사예정인 과학기술위성 3호에 탑재할 소형위성용 저 전력 홀 추력기를 연구 개발하였다. 성능에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 자기장 구조는 FEMM전산코드를 이용한 해석을 통해 설계되었으며, 제작된 프로토타입의 실험을 통해 자기장의 세기 및 모양, 양극전압 및 기체유량에 따른 성능 특성을 관찰하였다. 또한 Faraday Probe와 Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA), 랑뮈어 탐침 등을 이용해 이온빔의 분사각도 및 전류밀도, 이온에너지 분포, 플라즈마 전위 등을 측정하고 관찰된 특성을 물리적으로 분석하였다. 이러한 최적화 과정을 통해 설계된 비행모델의 시험 결과 양극전력 200 W, 제논 연료유량 0.85 mg/s 을 통해 11.2 mN 추력, 1350 s 비추력, 37% 추력효율을 획득하여 개발목표를 상회하는 만족할만한 결과를 얻었다.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2009

GTA 용접에서 용입, 용접부의 크기와 형상이 형성되는 아크 물리학적 현상을 이해함에 있어서 에너지 분포특성은 매우 중요한 인자이다. GTA 용접에서 아크 길이의 변화와 사용된 실드 가스 종류에 따라 음극인 텅스텐 전극 팁의 아크 루트 직경에 큰 변화를 주며, 양극인 모재 쪽의 에너지 분포에 영향을 미치며 된다. 기존의 연구자들은 저전류나 중전류 영역의 GTA 용접에서 텅스텐 전극의 선단각과 용입 형태와 의 관계를 plasma 기류 등에 의해 고찰하거나, 최대 아크압력에 미치는 전극형상의 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 용접부에 작용하는 아크 압력의 분포는 결국 운동 에너지의 분포이다. 기존의 연구자들에 비하여 보다 간편한 실험을 통하여 양극 모재위의 아크 압력에 의한 에너지 분포특성을 규명하는 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 GTA 용접의 용접전류 100A~200A 영역에서 아크 길이 변화와 Ar 가스에 $H_2$ 혼합에 따른 측정된 아크 압력으로부터 기존연구자들의 아크 물리학적 결과들을 활용하여 양극 모재 위에 작용하는 전류밀도 분포를 유도하는 것이다. GTA 용접에서 아크 길이의 변화와 Ar 가스에 $H_2$ 혼합은 아크 압력분포에 큰 영향을 미치며, 이에 따라 에너지 분포특성에 많은 영향을 미친다. 아크 길이가 증가함에 따라 Ar가스와 $H_2$ 혼합가스의 에너지 분포는 감소하였고, Ar가스에 $H_2$ 혼합에 의해 아크 에너지가 증가하여 용입형상에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 이에 대한 연구는 향후 GTA 용접 응용분야 확대 적용될 것이며, 아크 물리학 연구에 기초적이고 아주 중요한 과학적인 자료가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.763-768
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• 2015

In this paper, a microstrip patch antenna with arrow and ribbon shape for WLAN was designed and manufactured. The antenna was designed on a FR-4 substrate that has a thickness of 0.8mm and a dielectric constant of 4.4. The substrate size is $50{\times}40mm^2$. A commercially available tool was used for simulation to get the optimized parameters and the optimized values were obtained by finding the parameters that act sensitively to the performance of the antenna. The proposed antenna was produced using the optimized values, and characteristics of return loss, gain and radiation pattern in WLAN bands were measured.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.228-235
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• 2008

Nickel plating thickness increased with the electric current density, and the augmentation was more thick in $6{\sim}10A/dm^2$ than low current. Hull-cell analysis was tested to evaluate the current density. Optimum thickness was obtained at a temperature of $60^{\circ}C$, and the pH fluctuation of 3.5~4.0. Over the Nickel ion concentration of 300 g/L, plating thickness increased with the current density. The rate of decrease in nickel ion concentration was increased with the current density. The quantity of plating electro-deposition was increased at the anode surface, which was correlated with the increase of plating thickness. The plating thickness was increased because of the quick plating speed. However, the condition of the plating surface becomes irregular and the minuteness of nickel plating layer was reduced with the plating rate. After the corrosion test of 25 h, it was resulted in that maintaining low electric current density is desirable for the excellent corrosion resistance in lustered nickel plating. According to the program simulation, the thickness of diffusion layer was increased and the concentration of anode surface was lowered for the higher current densities. The concentration profile showed the regular distribution at low electric current density. The field plating process was controlled by the electric current density and the plating thickness instead of plating time for the productivity. The surface physical property of plating structure or corrosion resistance was excellent in the case of low electric current density.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.561-566
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• 2012

PtRuW/C catalysts were prepared with the different molar ratios of Pt : Ru : W and their compositions were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The uniform distribution of particles was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An average crystalline size of 3.5~5.5 nm was calculated based on x-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The electrochemical properties such as electrochemically active surface areas, current densities, specific activities and poisoning rates, were analyzed via CO stripping, linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry. From the analysis, we observed that ternary alloy catalysts, except $PtRu_2W_2/C$, have higher current densities, specific activities and stabilities than those of commercial binary catalysts. Among all in-house catalysts, Pt5Ru4W/C showed the highest specific activity of $121.05mA{\cdot}m^{-2}$ and the lowest poisoning rate of $0.01%{\cdot}s^{-1}$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2014

In this research, we evaluated the performance and characteristics of carbon supported PtM (M = Ni and Y) alloy catalysts (PtM/Cs) synthesized by a modified polyol method. With the PtM/Cs employed as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of cathodes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), their catalytic and ORR activities and electrical performance were investigated and compared with those of commercial Pt/C. Their particle sizes, particle distributions and electrochemically active surface areas (EAS) were measured by TEM and cyclic voltammetry (CV), while their ORR activity and electrical performance were explored using linear sweeping voltammetries with rotating disk electrodes and rotating ring-disk electrodes as well as PEMFC single cell tests. TEM and CV measurements show that PtM/Cs have the compatible particle size and EAS with Pt/C. When it comes to ORR activity, PtM/C showed the equivalent or better half-wave potential, kinetic current density, transferred electron number per oxygen molecule and $H_2O_2$ production(%) to or than commerical Pt/C. Based on results gained by the three electrode tests, when the PEMFC single cell tests were carried out, the current density measured at 0.6 V and maximum power density of PEMFC single cell adopting PtM/C catalysts were better than those adopting Pt/C catalyst. It is therefore concluded that PtM/C catalysts synthesized by modified polyol can result in the equivalent or better ORR catalytic capability and PEMFC performance to or than commercial Pt/C catalyst.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2024

Reckless development of the underground by rapid urbanization causes inspection delay on replacement of existing structure and installation new facilities. However, frequent accidents occur due to deviation in construction design planned by inaccurate location information of underground structure. Meanwhile, the electrical resistivity survey, knowns as non-destructive method, is based on the difference in the electric potential of electrodes to measure the electrical resistance of ground. This method is significantly advanced with multi-electrode and deep learning for analyzing strata. However, there is no study to quantitatively assess change in electrical resistance according to geometric conditions of structures. This study evaluates changes in electrical resistance through geometric parameters of electrodes and structure. Firstly, electrical resistance numerical module is developed using generalized mesh occurring minimal errors between theoretical and numerical resistance values. Then, changes in resistances are quantitatively compared on geometric parameters including burial depth, diameter of structure, and distance electrode and structure under steady current condition. The results show that higher electrical resistance is measured for shallow depth, larger size, and proximity to the electrode. Additionally, electric potential and current density distributions are analyzed to discuss the measured electrical resistance around the terminal electrode and structure.