• Archives of design research
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• v.20
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• pp.199-208
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• 1997

The emphasis of simplicity in design is because of the desire to deliver much content with a simplest way. Since in general, a simple form is outstanding in its symbolical nature and the relief of plastic beauty is easy by it, it is usually applied to a form of a symbol mark. However, in the meantime, if any local autonomous group or enterprise which has not tried to give efforts to its advertisement than they might expect and might be disadvantageous in competition. For consumers, when they experienced several, forms of simple, symbol mark, would not remember the special features of each mark. Rather, for the psychology of perception, they might remember only the formative, common features, there by grouping the marks by their common features. In this study, some symbol marks in Dobong-gu Ward Office and Wonju city were inspected, reviewed, and analized. And its is a finding that the subjects of this study could not distinguish or identify any of marks from another mark having a similar image of it: the reason is that the simplicity of a symbol mark made or allowed them to recognize it identical with the other imaged: it proves that the mistakes, defects of memory, and accumulated errors are oriented to the identical image. After all, the appearented image and perceived image are differnt. Any of symbolmarks which takes a simple form does not mean the perceived image is also simple. As a final conclusion, designers, in order to produce any of competitive symbolmarks, need to thoroughly understand psychology of gestalt.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.835-842
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• 2016

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cancer occurrence by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, on the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells to cordycepin, a predominant functional component of the fungus Cordyceps militaris, in AGS human gastric cancer cells and investigated possible underlying cellular mechanisms. Our results revealed that cordycepin inhibited viability of AGS cells in a concentration-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, as determined by apoptotic cell morphologies and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis associated with attenuated activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Treatment with cordycepin in combination with a subtoxic concentration of LY294002 enhanced cordycepin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptotic potentials in AGS cells. Sensitization of LY294002 to cordycepin-induced apoptosis was accompanied by activation of caspases (caspases-3, -8, and -9) and was concomitant with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Moreover, LY294002 up-regulated pro-apoptotic Bax and enhanced truncation of Bid in cordycepin-treated AGS cells, which was connected with increased loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. Taken together, these results indicate that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway could augment cordycepin-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells by up-regulating caspase activity through mitochondrial dysfunction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.166-170
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 폐광산 주변에 산재되어 있는 광미/광폐석을 처리하기 위하여 고형화 실증 실험을 수행하였다. 고형화 공정에서 흔히 사용하는 포틀랜드 시멘트와 MSG-E, MSG-N을 고화제로 사용하였으며 현장 광미 및 광폐석을 대상으로 고화체를 양생하고 고화체의 압축강도 및 중금속 용출 정도를 측정하였다. 고화체의 물리/화학적 특성을 비교하기 위해 광미/고화제 비율, 배합수/고화제 비율 그리고 고화체 양생기간을 실험인자로 설정하였다. 실험 결과 광미/고화제의 비율 1:1 만을 고려하더라도 중금속 용출의 급격한 감소가 이루어지는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 광미/고화제의 비율을 3:1 이하로 유지시키는 경우, 고화체의 압축강도가 현행 폐기물 관리법(20조 관련)에서 규정하고 있는 차단형 매립시설 내부막의 압축강도 기준인 $0.21kgf/mm^2$ 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다양한 pH를 갖는 수용액에 대하여 시간에 따른 고화체의 중금속 용출률을 측정한 결과, 수용액의 pH가 1과 13인 강산/강염기 용액에서 일부 중금속의 용출 농도가 지하수 생활용수 기준치를 초과하였으나, pH와 3 - 11인 경우에는 중금속 용출률이 급격히 감소하여 모두 기준치 이하를 나타내었다. 또한, pH가 1과 13인 수용액의 경우에도 고화체와 반응하는 시간이 증가할수록 고화체의 buffering 효과에 의해 수용액의 pH가 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 현장에서 접촉수의 pH가 강산이나 강염기라 하여도, 고화체의 buffering 효과에 의해 시간이 지남에 따라 수용액의 pH가 낮아져 고화체로부터의 중금속 용출은 매우 감소할 것임을 의미한다.ss of an active application defined using the model. The technique is developed in a platform- and language-independent way, and it is algorithmic and can be automated by computer program. We give an example dealing with network auction to illustrate the use of the model and the verification technique.품으로 내부 온도분포를 측정하였으며, 유한차분법 프로그램으로 대류열전달계수를 결정하였다. 대류열전달계수는 792에서 2,107 W/m$^2$로 분석되었다. 대류열전달 계수는 액상식품과의 상대속도가 증가함에 따라서 증가하였고, 점도가 증가함에 따라서는 감소하였다.ce of precision/recall of 90.99%/92.52%, and 93.39%/93.41% respectively. 의한 변성에 부분적으로 보호 작용을 나타 낼 것으로 추정된다.경(製麴72時間頃)의 활성(活性)은 보리쌀국(麴), 밀가루국(麴), 찹쌀국(麴), 고구마국(麴)의 순이었다.험 결과 오전용 사료는 관행적인 산란계 배합사료에서 Ca공급제를 제외한 것을 급여하고, 오후용 사료는 Ca공급제를 3배 첨가한 T2처리로 15:00~16:00시에 교체급여를 하면 사료섭취량 감소와 사료비 절감면에서 바람직할 것으로 사료되며, 고에너지-고단백질-저Ca의 분말사료와 저에너지-저단백질-고Ca의 펠렛사료를 혼합급여하면 산란계의 사료

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2008

With the shift of consumer’s spending behaviors further into emotionally-driven purchases, the role of brand is becoming even more important, which in turn, expands design’s role in the brand image strategy. The contact point between the consumers and the brand is the primary channel for building strong brand image through experience. Therefore, it is critical to comprehensively plan and manage the consumer contact point for any brand. Given the changing market conditions, the objective of this study is to define and structure an integrated design development and management system for building successful brand image. In order to do so, the research analyzed the characters of brand image, the conditions for consumer experience and the roles of emotion. The analysis into the correlation between images and emotion process model yields three natures of an image. The image 1) is based on empirical decisions, 2) expresses and conveys emotional aspects and 3) builds mental values through a sense of sympathy. Through case studies of successful designs that meet all three characteristics, the roles of a brand icon in building strong brand image and the needs for integrated design approach for implementation are defined. The methods for integrated design include 1) providing a focal point through brand image positioning, 2) utilizing visual themes based on brand image plot, 3) building a Total Identity Program to holistically manage brand images and 4) developing brand icons for brand image reinforcement.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.87
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• pp.923-930
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• 2007

Thymus can regenerate to its normal mass within 14 days after acute involution induced by cyclophosphamide (CY) in adult rat. Despite the established role of Wnt pathways in the process of thymus development, they have not yet been associated with the regeneration of adult thymus. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Wnt7b, which is expressed in developing thymic epithelial cells rather than in thymocytes, is modulated during thymic regeneration in adult rat. Here, we show that Wnt7b expression was up-regulated in the regenerating thymus. Cells immunolabeled for the Wnt7b were identified as macrophages. Furthermore, Wnt7b gene expression was decreased by the treatment of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL). Taken together, our results demonstrate that Wnt7b gene expression was increased in macrophages during thymic regeneration and negatively regulated by RANKL.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.926-932
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• 2013

Glutamine and serum are essential for cell survival and proliferation in vitro, yet the signaling pathways that sense glutamine and serum levels in endothelial cells remain uninvestigated. In this study, we examined the effects of glutamine deprivation and serum starvation on the fate of endothelial cells using a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model. Our data indicated that glutamine deprivation and serum starvation trigger a progressive reduction in cell viability through apoptosis induction in HUVECs as determined by DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis. Although the apoptotic effects were more predominant in the glutamine deprivation condition, both apoptotic actions were associated with an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 (or Bcl-xL) ratio, down-regulation of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family proteins, activation of caspase activities, and concomitant degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases. Moreover, down-regulation of the expression of Bid or up-regulation of truncated Bid (tBid) were observed in cells grown under the same conditions, indicating that glutamine deprivation and serum starvation induce the apoptosis of HUVECs through a signaling cascade involving death-receptor-mediated extrinsic pathways, as well as mitochondria-mediated intrinsic caspase pathways. However, apoptosis was not induced in cells grown in glutamine- and serum-free media when compared with cells exposed to glutamine deprivation or serum starvation alone. Taken together, our data indicate that glutamine deprivation and serum starvation suppress cell viability without apoptosis induction in HUVECs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1233-1243
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• 2018

Sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate lipid homeostasis and metabolism by controlling the expression of enzymes required for endogenous cholesterol, fatty acid (FA), triacylglycerol, and phospholipid synthesis. The three SREBPs are encoded by two different genes. The SREBP1 gene gives rise to SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c, which are derived from utilization of alternate promoters that yield transcripts in which distinct first exons are spliced to a common second exon. SREBP-2 is derived from a separate gene. Additionally, SREBPs are implicated in numerous pathogenic processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. They also contribute to obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. Genome-wide analyses have revealed that these versatile transcription factors act as important nodes of biological signaling networks. Changes in cell metabolism and growth are reciprocally linked through SREBPs. Anabolic and growth signaling pathways branch off and connect to multiple steps of SREBP activation and form complex regulatory networks. SREBPs are activated through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in these processes, but the molecular mechanism remains to be understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of SREBPs in physiology and pathophysiology at the cell, organ, and organism levels.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.71-89
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• 2010

It is strongly believed that multicast will become one of the most promising services on internet for the next generation. Multicast service can be deployed either on network-layer or application-layer. IP multicast (network-layer multicast) is implemented by network nodes (i.e., routers) and avoids multiple copies of the same datagram on the same link. Despite the conceptual simplicity of IP multicast and its obvious benefits, it has not been widely deployed since there remain many unresolved issues. As an alternative to IP multicast, overlay multicast (application-layer multicast) implements the multicast functionality at end hosts rather than routers. This may require more overall bandwidth than IP multicast because duplicate packets travel the same physical links multiple times, but it provides an inexpensive, deployable method of providing point-to-multipoint group communication. In this paper we develop an efficient method applied greedy algorithm for solving two models of overlay multicast tree building problem that is aimed to construct MDST (Minimum Diameter Spanning Tree : minimum cost path from a source node to all its receivers) and MST (Minimum Spanning Tree : minimum total cost spanning all the members). We also simulate and analyze MDST and MST.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.11A
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• pp.1827-1840
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• 2001

In digital data transmission/storage systems, the compensation for channel distortion is conducted normally using a training sequence that is known a priori to both the sender and receiver. The use of the training sequences results in inefficient utilization of channel bandwidth. Sometimes, it is also impossible to send training sequences such as in the burst-mode communication. As such, a great deal of attention has been given to the approach requiring no training sequences, which has been called the blind equalization technique. On the other hand, to utilize the limited bandwidth effectively, the concept of partial response (PR) signaling has widely been adopted in both the high-speed transmission and high-density recording/playback systems such as digital microwave, digital subscriber loops, hard disk drives, digital VCRs and digital versatile recordable disks and so on. This paper is concerned with blind adaptive equalization of partial response channels whose transfer function zeros are located on the unit circle, thereby causing some problems in performance. Specifically we study how the problems of blind channel equalization associated with the PR channels can be improved. In doing so, we first discuss the existing methods and then propose new structures for blind PR channel equalization. Our structures have been extensively tested by computer simulation and found out to be encouraging in performance. The results seem very promising as well in terms of the implementation complexity compared to the previous approach reported in literature.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.374-385
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• 2010

Wireless mesh networks can be deployed for various networks from home networking to last-mile broadband Internet access. Wireless mesh networks are composed of mesh routers and mesh clients. In these networks, static nodes form a multi-hop backbone of a large wireless access network that provides connectivity to end-users' mobile terminals. The network nodes cooperate with each other to relay data traffic to its destinations. In order to increase connectivity and better performance, researchers are getting interested in multi-channel and multi-interface wireless mesh networks. In these networks, non-overlapping multiple frequency channels are used simultaneously to increase the aggregate bandwidth available to end-users. Recently, researches have focused on finding suitable channel assignments for wireless network interfaces, equiped in a mesh node, together with efficient routing to improve overall system throughput in wireless mesh networks. This goal can be achieved by minimize channel interference. Less interference among using channels in a network guarantees more aggregated channel capacity and better connectivity of the networks. In this thesis, we propose interference aware channel assignment and routing algorithms for multi-channel multi-hop wireless mesh networks. We propose Channel Assignment and Routing algorithms using Traffic Profiles(CARTP) and Routing algorithms allowing detour routing(CARTP+2). Finally, we evaluate the performance of proposed algorithms in comparison to results from previous methods using ns-2 simulations. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithms can enhance the overall network performance in wireless mesh networks.