• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 1999

Purpose : The human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a multisystem disease characterized by extreme radiosensitivity. The recent identification of the gene mutated in AT, ATM, and the demonstration that it encodes a homologous domain of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), the catalytic subunit of an enzyme involved in transmitting signals from the cell surface to the nucleus, provide support for a role of this gene in signal transduction. Although ionizing radiation was known to induce c-fos transcription, nothing is known about how ATM or PKCI mediated signal transduction pathway modulates the c-fos gene transcription and gene expression. Here we have studied the effect of PKCI on radiation sensitivity and c-fos transcription in normal and AT cells. Materials and Methods: Normal (LM217) and AT (AT5BIVA) cells were transfected with PKCI expression plasmid and the overexpression and integration of PKCI was evaluated by northern blotting and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. 5 Gy of radiation was exposed to LM and AT cells transfected with PKCI expression plasmid and cells were harvested 48 hours after radiation and investigated apoptosis with TUNEL method. The c-fos transcription activity was studied by performing CAT assay of reporter gene after transfection of c-fos CAT plasmid into AT and LM cells. Results: Our results demonstrate for the first time a role of PKCI on the radiation sensitivity and c-fos expression in LM and AT cells. PKCI increased radiation induced apoptosis in LM cells but reduced apoptosis in AT cells. The basal c-fos transcription activity is 70 times lower in AT cells than that in LM cells. The c-fos transcription activity was repressed by overexpression of PKCI in LM cells but not in AT cells. After induction of c-fos by Ras protein, overexpression of PKCI repressed c-fos transcription in LM cells but not in AT cells Conclusion: Overexpression of PKCI increased radiation sensitivity and repressed c-fos transcription in LM cells but not in AT cells. The results may be a. reason of increased radiation sensitivity of AT cells. PKCI may be involved in an ionizing radiation induced signal transduction pathway responsible for radiation sensitivity and c-fos transcription. The data also provided evidence for novel transcriptional difference between LM and AT cells.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.333-339
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• 2016

Technology to optimize and utilize the use and supply of the electric power between consumer and supplier has been on the rise among the smart grid power market network in electric power demand management based on the Internet. Open Automated Demand Response system protocol, which can deliver Demand Response needed in electric power demand management to electricity supplier, system supplier and even the user is openADR 2.0b. This paper used the most credible, cosmopolitanly proliferated EPRI open source and analysed the variety of security vulnerability that developed VEN and VTN system may have. Using the simulator for attacking openADR protocol, the VEN/VTN system that has been implemented as EPRI open source was conducted to attack in a variety of ways. As a result of the analysis, we were able to get the results that the VEN/VTN system has security vulnerabilities to the parameter tampering attacks and service flow falsification attack. In conclusion, if you want to implement the openADR2.0b protocol system in the open or two-way communication environment smart grid network, considering a variety of security vulnerability should be sure to seek security technology and services.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2005

Special Practitioner exists based on the need for special fields that are required to manage difficult patients with specialized skills distinguished from General practitioner. The purpose of dental specialist system is to manage patients who are not treatable by general practitioner by training doctors specializing in one specific field, thereby, enhancing health of the public. Oral Medicine deals with orofacial pain, oral soft tissue disease, forensic dentistry, oral diagnosis. In these days, living environments of city life bring about increase in stress which ultimately lead to increase in prevalence of temporomandibular disorder, oral soft tissue disease, neuropathies such as trigeminal neuralgia, and hence, the number of patients seeking help of those symptoms tend to increase. The purpose of this study was to analyze the rate of referrals and the routes of patients seeking help by investigating 3,707 patients who visited Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, from August, 2004 to April, 2005. The results were as follows: 1. The types of disease referred to the Department of Oral Medicine were orofacial pain, oral soft tissue disease, forensic dentistry, oral diagnosis. 2. The rate of referrals was 58.51% which implies that more than half of the patients visiting the Department of Oral Medicine were referred. 3. The types of institution which made referrals were analyzed, and as a result, dental clinics made most of the referrals with the rate of 83.23%, while that from medical or oriental medical institutions was 16.78%. 4. Among the patients who visited the Department of Oral Medicine on their own, 30.52% gained the information about the Department of Oral Medicine from internet and mass media, and from neighbors. From the above results, most of the patients visiting the Department of Oral Medicine were found to be referred not only from the field of dentistry but also from the field of medicine. These suggest that Oral Medicine manages patients who are not treatable by general dental practitioners, and medical specialists tend to cooperate with the Department of Oral Medicine to manage diseases associated with Oral Medicine. Therefore, the role of Oral Medicine can be considered to be important as a special field, and the results of this study should be considered when working out a policy of Dental specialist system on demand and supply of residents in the future.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.590-599
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• 2005

Object : Cigarette smoking is a major cause of mucus hypersecretion, which is a pathophysiological feature of many inflammatory airway diseases. Mucins, which are an important part of the airway mucus, are synthesized from the Muc gene in airway epithelial cells. However, the signaling pathways for cigarette smoke-induced mucin synthesis are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the signal pathway for smoking induced Muc5ac gene expression. Methods : A549 cells were cultured and transiently transfected with the Muc5ac promoter fragment. These cells were stimulated with 5% cigarette smoke extract (CSE) alone or with CSE after a pretreatment with various signal transduction pathway inhibitors (AG1478, PD98059 and SB203580). The Muc5ac promoter activity was examined using the luciferase reporter system, and the level of phosphorylated EGFR, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK were all examined using Western blot analysis. Muc5ac mRNA expression was also examined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). Results : 1. The peak level of luciferase activity of the Muc5ac promoter was observed at 5% concentration and after 3 hours of incubation with the CSE. The level of EGFR phosphorylation and the luciferase activity of the transfected cells caused by the CSE were significantly suppressed by AG1478 or PD98059 (P<0.01). 2. CSE phosphorylated ERK1/2 or p38 MAPK but not JNK. The Muc5ac mRNA expression level was increased by the CSE but that was suppressed by PD98059 or AG1478. 3. The CSE-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was blocked by PD98059 and that of p38 MAPK was blocked by either PD98059 or SB203580. Either PD98059 or SB203580 suppressed the luciferase activity of the transfected cells (P<0.0001). Conclusion : The Muc5ac mRNA expression level was increased by the CSE. The increased CSE-induced transcriptional activity was mediated via EGF receptor activation, which led to ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

The main purpose of this study was to identify the service quality of some dental clinics located in Gwangju and find an association between service quality and patient's intention to re-visit the same dental clinic. The search objects were 197 patients from five dental clinics, and data collected by self-administered questionnaire which was composed general characteristics, characteristics relating to visit of clinics, quality of service, patients satisfaction and intentions to re-visit. The used statistical analysis to find the association between quality of service and intention to re-visit was multiple regression analysis. This study looked at relations between quality of dental service, service satisfaction and intentions to visit again, and found that quality of service including six service areas had a statistically significant positive correlations with satisfaction and intentions of re-visit. When this study conducted a multiple regression analysis to identify variables that influence intentions of re-visit, it found that patients revisited the dental clinic only when quality of service was included. In conclusion, quality of service evaluated by patients influenced on their intention of re-visit and especially. Therefore, this study concludes that improvement in satisfaction and intentions of re-visit relies on Accessibility, that is, providing of medical information, consultant telephone, how delivery the dental medical system is. Service quality of dental institutes measured by SERVQUAL model and intention to re-visit.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2003

조류의 배자는 포유류의 배자처럼 모체로부터 영양분을 공급받는 것이 아니라 알속에 저장되어 있는 영양물질로 발육한다. 배자의 발육은 대부분 체외에서 진행된다. 난자는 배란된 후 수정되어 난관팽대부에서 1세포기 수정란이 된다. 그 후 난관협부로 이동하여 최초로 분열이 일어나 배자의 발육이 진행되고, 산란시에는 세포수가 약6만여 개에 달한다. 따라서 수정란에 유전조작기법을 사용하기 위해서는 모체의 난관속에서 일어나는 배발생과 난각속에서 일어나는 개체발생을 위한 체외배양법과 대리난각 배양법이 확립되어 있어야 한다. 그와 같은 기술은 닭 수정란의 배 발생 관찰 및 분석과 유용한 물질을 생산하기 위한 형질전환 가금 연구에 중요한 기술로 사용되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 1세포기 닭 수정란의 체외배양과 대리난각 배양에 있어서 수정란의 조건과 대리난각의 조건이 배자의 생존율과 부화율에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 체외배양과 대리난각 배양에 의한 병아리 생산 효율을 제고하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 주요 조사 항목은 수정란의 채란위치, 배자의 발생단계, 수정란의 무게, 대리난각용 계란의 보존 기간, 대리난각의 두께, 대리난각 두께의 감소율, 대리난각의 크기 등을 조사하여 배자의 생존율과 부화율에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 본 실험의 결과는 초기 발생이 빠른 배자가 생존율과 부화율이 높았으며, 본 실험에 사용한 대리난각용 계란의 보관기간이 짧을수록 배자의 생존율과 부화율이 높은 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 그러나 대리난각용 계란의 크기와 대리난각의 두께 차이는 배자의 생존율과 부화율에 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 조사되었다.하였을 때 분할율은 68.0%였으며, 이중 12.0%가 상실배 또는 배반포로 발달하였다. 뿐만 아니라 10% FBS가 첨가된 TCM-199 배양액에 난관상피세포와 공배양을 실시하였을 경우는 72.0%가 분할하였으며, 이중 16.7%가 상실배 또는 배반포로 발달하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 활성화 처리는 ionomycin과 6-DMAP 용액처리가 적합하며, 단위발생란의 체외배양은 보다 적합한 배양조건의 확립이 필요한 것으로 생각된다.icalcium lactate 공동배양은 체외배양에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다.생산하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.4시간에 등급별 회수율이 각각 GI(27.4%), GII(14.7%), GIII(43.2%), GIV(14.7%)로 나타났으며, 46~50시간에는 GI(12.0%), GII(12.0%), GIII(28.0%), GIV(48.0%)로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 미성숙 난자의 회수는 hCG 투여 후 29~34시간이 적합한 것으로 생각된다. 가금의 생산에 있어서 매우 효율적이고 주목할 만한 방법으로 사료된다. 것으로 나타났다.적외선.열풍 복합건조방법이 높게 나타나 이것은 곡물 표면에 원적외선 방사에의한 복사열이 전달되어 열장해를 받았기 때문으로 판단되며, 금후 더 연구하여 적정 열풍온도 및 방사체 크기를 구명해야 할 것이다.으로 보여진다 따라서 옻나무 유래 F는 포유동물의 생식기능에 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 사료된다.된다.정량 분석한 결과이다. 시편의 조성은 33.6 at% U, 66.4 at% O의 결과를 얻었다. 산화물 핵연료의 표면 관찰 및 정량 분석 시험시 시편 표면을 전도

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.306-323
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• 2001

종양발생에서 유전자 발현을 확인하고 profile 변화를 monitor하는 것은 병리학적 변화의 원인뿐 아니라 질병탐지와 진료의 새로운 목표를 확인하기 위한 새로운 기회를 제공해준다. cDNA microarray는 수천개의 유전자 발현을 동시에 연구할 수 있는 최신의 방법으로 피부, 유방, 간을 비롯한 다른 인체장기에서는 일부 이루어졌으나 array를 이용해 타액선 종양 연구에서는 전혀 이루어지지 않았다. 인간의 타액선 세포의 악성형질전환을 조절하는 분자적 상태를 연구하기 위해 본 연구는 약 2,000개의 유전자가 print된 cDNA microarray를 이용하여 인간 타액선 도관상피세포주(HSG)와 악하선에서 기원한 미분화 선암종(SGT)간에 비교연구를 하였다. Cy3와 Cy5 dye로 각각의 세포주에서 얻은 RNA와 reciprocal hybridize시키고 GenePix 4000 scanner로 스캔하고 GenePix Pro로 분석한 후 log2로 평균발현비율을 전환시켜 최소 2배이상의 발현을 보이는 유전자를 분석대상으로 하였다. 90%이상의 유전자가 비슷한 발현을 보였으며 2배이상의 발현을 보이는 경우 HSG가 SGT에 비해 72개 유전자가, SGT가 HSG에 비해 111개의 유전자 발현이 up-regulation되어 총 10%미만의 발현차이를 보였고 반복된 hybridization 으로부터 얻은 선택된 spot의 Pearson 상관계수는 -0.85이였다. HSG에서는 6번 p 염색체에서 과발현되는 유전자가 가장 많았고, SGT에서는 11번 q 염색체에서 가장 많았는데 HSG에서는 SGT에 비해 9, 13, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22염색체에서 과발현 되는 유전자 수가 많았고, SGT에서는 HSG에 비해 2, 7, 10, 15 염색체에서 유전자 발현 증가가 관찰되었다. HSG와 SGT간의 유전 발현을 기능별로 분석한 결과 몇 가지 주요 경로가 세포악성에 관련됨을 발견하였고, 타액선 도관상피세포에서 선암종을 구별하는데 기여하는 관련된 몇종의 과다 발현된 유전자를 찾았는데 전사인자, 성장인자 및 수용기, 세포골격 및 세포외기질 단백, 세포내 신호전달조절자 및 인자, 세포표면 항원등의 그룹으로 분류할 수 있었다. 따라서 이러한 microarray를 이용한 분자학적 표지자 연구가 악성 타액선 종양 발생과정에서 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 뿐 아니라 유전자 조절에 의한 진단, 예후, 치료에서의 정확성을 개선시킬 수 있으리라 여겨진다.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2012

A polymer gel dosimeter was fabricated. A 3-dimensional dosimetry experiment was performed in the small field of the photon of the cyberknife. The dosimeter was installed in a head and neck phantom. It was manufactured from the acrylic and it was used in dosimetry. By using the head and neck CT protocol of the CyberKnife system, CT images of the head and neck phantom were obtained and delivered to the treatment planning system. The irradiation to the dosimeter in the treatment planning was performed, and then, the image was obtained by using 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 24 hours. The dose distribution of the phantom was analyzed by using MATLAB. The results of this measurement were compared to the results of calculation in the treatment planning. In the isodose curve on the axial direction, the dose distribution coincided with the high dose area, 0.76mm difference on 80%, rather than the low dose area, 1.29 mm difference on 40%. In this research, the fact that the polymer gel dosimeter and MRI can be applied for analyzing a small field in a 3 dimensional dosimetry was confirmed. Moreover, the feasibility of using these for the therapeutic radiation quality control was also confirmed.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2000

The sensitivity analysis of input parameters was Performed fer an ingestion dose assessment model (U. S. NRC's Regulatory Guide 1.109 model) from routine releases of radionuclides. In this study, three kinds of typical Korean foodstuffs (rice, leaff vegetables, milk) and two kinds of radionuclides $(^{l37}Cs,\;^{131}I)$ were considered. The values of input parameters were sampled using a Latin hypercube sampling technique based on Monte Carlo approach. Sensitivity indices, which represent the influence or the importance of input parameters for predictive results, were quantitatively expressed by the partial rank correlation coefficients. As the results, the ratio of the interception fraction to the yield of agricultural plants and the human consumption rate were sensitive input parameters for the considered foodstuffs and radionuclides. Additionally, in case of milk, the transfer factor of radionuclides from animal intake to milk and the daily intake rate of feedstuffs were sensitive input parameters. The weathering removal half-life and the delay time from food production to human consumption were relatively sensitive for $^{137}Cs$ and $^{131}I$ depositions, respectively.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 2008

The Ministry of Science and Technology has been planning various events and carrying them out as the effort for promotion and popularization of science. The ministry has made followings: i)Science culture year, 2004 ii) Physics year, 2006 iii)Chemistry year, 2007 iv)Biology year, 2008. Especially, in 2006 the ministry held various exhibitions and contests about chemistry. The science play "Oxygen" had been presented in the whole country, 2006. From 2006 to 2007 the moving science museum had been displayed many times in the whole country. The national broadcast media KBS made a special program and televised several times to commemorate the year of chemistry. Like that in 2006 the chemistry approached to general people. In these surroundings, we wondered how chemistry was expressed in daily newspaper and how the general public accepted chemistry in the year of chemistry, 2006. So we selected four daily newspaper and researched descriptions about chemistry then analyzed the image of chemistry in that descriptions. When we research, we first selected 5 words of high frequency. On the internet research engine we used these 5 words and searched descriptions. We read and sorted descriptions which were more connected to chemistry. Finally we analyzed the images of descriptions(affirmative or negative) and character. The chemistry's image on newspaper descriptions influences people greatly. Because that is the easiest channel.