• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.1_2
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• pp.114-125
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• 2002

In this paper, we are proposing a hierarchical segmentation method that first segments the video data into units of shots by detecting cut and dissolve, and then decides types of camera operations or object movements in each shot. In our previous work[1], each picture group is divided into one of the three detailed categories, Shot(in case of scene change), Move(in case of camera operation or object movement) and Static(in case of almost no change between images), by analysing DC(Direct Current) component of I(Intra) frame. In this process, we have designed two-stage hierarchical neural network with inputs of various multiple features combined. Then, the system detects the accurate shot position, types of camera operations or object movements by searching P(Predicted), B(Bi-directional) frames of the current picture group selectively and hierarchically. Also, the statistical distributions of macro block types in P or B frames are used for the accurate detection of cut position, and another neural network with inputs of macro block types and motion vectors method can reduce the processing time by using only DC coefficients of I frames without decoding and by searching P, B frames selectively and hierarchically. The proposed method classified the picture groups in the accuracy of 93.9-100.0% and the cuts in the accuracy of 96.1-100.0% with three different together is used to detect dissolve, types of camera operations and object movements. The proposed types of video data. Also, it classified the types of camera movements or object movements in the accuracy of 90.13% and 89.28% with two different types of video data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.130-137
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• 2012

This study has conducted to develop new gabion wall systems with vegetation base materials for stream bank stability and rapid rehabilitation. Vegetation base materials are primarily compounded with fine soil, organic composts and peat moss as plant fibers, a water retainer and a soil improver. Normally gabion wall systems resist the lateral earth pressures or stream power by their own weight. Therefore, fill material must have suitable weight, compressive strength and durability to resist the loading, as well as the effects of water and weathering. In this project, 100 to 200-mm clean, hard stones are basically specified, and about 50-mm rubbles are also used. Test application of new gabion wall system carried out in the stream bank of a small stream in the Gwangreung experimental forest, belonging to Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) in December 16th, 2006. As a result of the analysis of hydraulic stability of new gabion wall system, gabion wall system has highest threshold shear stress when the gabion wall covered by vegetation. New gabion wall system is highly resistant to sliding and overturning because safety coefficients exceed 1.5. As a result of term of slope stability analysis of new gabion wall system by Bishop and Fellenius methods, stability of stream bank was highly increased after the construction of gabion wall. Therefore, new gabion wall system is effective to stabilize unstable stream bank.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.252-260
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• 2010

A 90-d trial was conducted to determine the influence of additives such as pegmatite (Peg), precious stone (PS), grape pomace extracts (GPEx) and complexes of these additives (Peg + GPEx and PS + GPEx) via evaluation of meat quality including sensory properties in 90 d old finishing pigs. There were no significant differences in the approximate composition and physiochemical characteristics, including meat color, among the treated groups. However, the Peg treated group was found to have a higher water holding capacity than the other groups. The shear-force was evaluated as an indicator of hardness and found to be lower in the Peg and GPEx treated groups, and this tendency was greater when the complex of Peg and GPEx was supplied. No significant differences were observed among groups following analysis of the free amino acid composition and fatty acid (FA) composition. Sensory evaluation of the boiled loins showed significantly (p<0.05) better results from pigs fed diets containing Peg and GPEx complex. These results suggest that Peg may improve the water holding capacity and tenderness. In addition, supplementation with a complex of Peg and GPEx may improve tenderness.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of bio-ion water on growth performance, blood characteristics and meat quality in pigs. Ninety nine crossbreed pigs $(Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc)$ were randomly allotted to three treatments; CON (basal diet), T1 (basal diet with bio ion water from growing period), T2 (basal diet with bio ion water from finishing period). There were no significant differences in growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs among treatments. The red blood cell and white blood cell were significantly higher (P<0.05) in diet added with bio ion water than the control. Proximate analysis (%), meat color, pH, drip loss (%), cooking loss (%) and shear force $(kg/cm^{2})$ were not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments. The treatment 1 had lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) to unsaturated fatty acid ratio, but higher UFA concentration than those of control. The aroma of cooked meat in T1 was higher than other treatments. Thereby, overall acceptability sensory score of cooked meat in T1 tended to be higher than other treatments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.7-17
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• 2019

With increasing demand for large offshore infrastructures, suction cofferdams have been large, and the lid stiffener arrangement for a suction cofferdam has become a key element in cofferdam design to constrain the flexural deformation effectively. This study analyzed the changes in the structural behavior of a lid for a suction cofferdam due to lid stiffeners to provide insights into effective stiffener arrangements. By investigating conventional suction anchors, several stiffener patterns of a lid for a polygonal suction cofferdam were determined and analyzed. The structural performance of the stiffened lids was estimated by comparing the stress and deformation, and the reaction distributions on the edge of lid were investigated to analyze the effects of the stiffener arrangement on the lid-wall interface. Finite element analysis showed that radial stiffeners contribute dominantly to decreasing the stress and vertical deflection of the lids, but the stiffeners cause an increase in shear forces between the lid and wall; the forces are concentrated on the lid near the areas reinforced with radial stiffeners, which is negative to lid-wall connection design. On the other hand, inner and outer circumferential stiffeners show little reinforcement effects in themselves, while they can help reduce the stress and deformation when arranged with partial radial stiffeners simultaneously.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.533-541
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• 2021

Retaining walls have been used to prevent slope failure through resistance of earth pressure in railway, road, nuclear power plant, dam, and river infrastructure. To calculate dynamic earth pressure and determine the characteristics for seismic behavior, many researchers have analyzed the nonlinear response of ground and structure based on various numerical analyses (FLAC, PLAXIS, ABAQUS etc). In addition, seismic fragility evaluation is performed to ensure safety against earthquakes for structures. In this study, we used the FLAC2D program to understand the seismic response of the inverted T-type wall with a backfill slope, and evaluated seismic fragility based on relative horizontal displacements of the wall. Nonlinear site response analysis was performed for each site (S2 and S4) using the seven ground motions to calculate various seismic loadings reflecting site characteristics. The numerical model was validated based on other numerical models, experiment results, and generalized formula for dynamic active earth pressure. We also determined the damage state and damage index based on the height of retaining wall, and developed the seismic fragility curves. The damage probabilities of the retaining wall for the S4 site were computed to be larger than those for the S2 site.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.13-23
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• 2021

If roads, bridges, buildings, etc. are built on the ground with soft clay or organic soil, there may be a lot of problems in geotechnical engineering such as settlement and stability due to the large settlement and lack of bearing capacity. In extreme cases, it may appear due to shear failure or collapse of the constructed structure, so a ground improvement method is indispensable to increase the strength of the ground and to suppress settlement. In this study, the settlement according to each groundwater level condition was analyzed using the measurement results for the groundwater level conditions, one of the important factors in predicting the settlement in dredged and reclaimed ground, and the groundwater level conditions applied to the settlement analysis were proposed by comparing it with settlement generated 5 years after construction. As a result of the analysis, it is judged that it is reasonable to apply the measured groundwater level during construction and the low water ordinary neap tide (L.W.O.N.T) during load application for the groundwater level in the settlement analysis. In addition, in the case of the dredged and reclaimed ground, it is estimated that the water pressure acting on the clay layer is nonlinear, as the result of the observations of the head of water at the observation points above and below the in-situ clay layer were different.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2019

In this paper, the experimental study and finite elements analysis were conducted on homogeneous and dissimilar metals single lap-shear bonded joints to investigate the factor that affect the joint failure load. It was found that factors which have the significant effects on the failure load of the joint was stiffness of the adherends. And from experimental results, it can be confirmed that the failure load increases linearly with overlap length increases. And the failure load of dissimilar metal joints is approximately 1KN(10~17%) larger than homogeneous metal joints. In order to confirm this phenomenon, the stress distribution and strain distribution of the specimens were analyzed through the finite element analysis. The difference between homogeneous metals joints and dissimilar metals joints is that stress and strain in adhesive are concentrated at the end of the overlap zone close to aluminium which has lower rigidity than aluminium in case of dissimilar metals joints. From high rigidity of steel, the stress concentration in bonds are decreased and it cause increase of the failure strength at dissimilar metal joints.

• Composites Research
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.216-221
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• 2019

Piecewise integrated composite (PIC) beam has different stacking sequences for several regions with respect to their superior load-resisting capabilities. On the interest of current research is to improve bending characteristics of PIC beam, with assigning specific stacking sequence to a specific region with the help of machine learning techniques. 240 elements of from the FE model were chosen to be reference points. Preliminary FE analysis revealed triaxialities at those regularly distributed reference points to obtain learning data creation of machine learning. Triaxiality values catagorise the type of loading i.e. tension, compression or shear. Machine learning model was formulated by learning data as well as hyperparameters and proper load fidelity was suggested by tuned values of hyperparameters, however, comparatively higher nonlinearity intensive region, such as side face of the beam showed poor load fidelity. Therefore, irregular distribution of reference points, i.e., dense reference points were distributed in the severe changes of loading, on the contrary, coarse distribution for rare changes of loading, was prepared for machine learning model. FE model with irregularly distributed reference points showed better load fidelity compared to the results from the model with regular distribution of reference points.

• Composites Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

The reinforcement effect of micro-bolt for a bonded scarf joint was investigated. Three scarf ratios of 1/10, 1/20, and 1/30 were considered to examine the effect of scarf patch configuration on joint strength. To maintain the same density of micro-bolt, 16, 32, and 48 bolts were installed in the scarf joint specimens with scarf ratios of 1/10, 1/20, and 1/30, respectively. Tests were also carried out on the joints that are bonded with only adhesive and that are fastened with only micro-bolts to obtain reference values. The average failure loads of the adhesive joints with scarf ratios of 1/10, 1/20, and 1/30 were 29.7, 39.6, and 44.8 kN, respectively. In case of micro-bolt reinforcement, the failure loads at the same scarf ratios were 28.4, 37.2, and 40.1 kN, respectively, which corresponds to 96, 94, and 90% of the pure adhesive joint failure loads. In the case of using only micro-bolts, the failure loads were only 13-25% of the average failure loads of pure adhesive joints. Fatigue test was also conducted for the joints with scarf ratio of 1/10. The results show that the fatigue strength of hybrid joints using both adhesive and microbolts together slightly increased compared to the fatigue strength of adhesive joint, but the rate of increase was small to 2-3%. Through this study, it was confirmed that the reinforcement effect of micro-bolt is negligible in the scarf joints where shear stress is dominating the failure, unlike in the structure where peel stress is dominant.