• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Coolant rubber hoses for automotive radiators can degrade under thermal and mechanical loadings and thus fail owing to the influences of locally formed electricity. In this study, an advanced test method was developed to simulate the failure of a rubber hose. The aging behavior of carbon-black-filled ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber used as a radiator hose material under a combination of electrochemical stresses and tensile strain was analyzed. The changing behaviors of the current and the resistance as a function of the aging time were analyzed in consideration of the tensile strain, voltage, and aging temperature. Sectioned specimens clarified the failure mechanisms of the aged skin layer under the combined electrochemical stresses.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.368-376
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• 2005

Coolant rubber hoses for automobile radiators can be degraded and thus failed due to the influence of contacting stresses of air and coolant liquid under thermal and mechanical loadings. In this study, for EPDM(ethylene-propylene diene monomer) rubber conventionally used as a radiator hose material the aging behaviors of the skin part due to thermo-oxidative and electro-chemical stresses were nondestructively evaluated. Through the thermo-oxidative aging test, it was shown that the surface hardness IRHD(International Rubber Hardness Degrees) of the rubber increased with a considerable reduction of failure strain. On account of the penetration of coolant liquid into the skin part the weight of rubber specimens degraded by electro-chemical degradation(ECD) test increased, whereas their. failure strain and IRHD hardness decreased largely. The penetration of coolant liquid seemed to induce some changes in inner structure and micro hardness distribution of the rubbers. Consequently, EPDM rubbers degraded by thermo-oxidative aging and ECD could be characterized nondestructively by micro-hardness and chemical structure analysis methods.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.72-73
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• 2010

연료전지에 출력 저주파 리플전류가 유입될 때, 연료전지 내부에 화학적 특성변화인 Flooding, Drying 및 CO-poisoning이 발생하며 이는 연료전지 노화에 따른 특성변화를 야기한다. 이는 연료전지 노화에 따른 특성분석 및 노화되지 않은 기존 연료전지 시스템 모델의 수정이 불가피함을 나타낸다. 따라서, 본 논문은 연료전지에 연결되는 부하의 출력 저주파 리플전류에 따른 연료전지의 노화에 따른 특성분석 및 차후 진행될 연료전지의 모델링 방향을 간단히 제시하였다. 연료전지의 등가회로 모델 기반 시 저주파 리플전류에 따른 전압-전류 곡선 및 전기화학적 실험결과로 얻어진 노화된 모델 파라미터 값을 연료전지 시스템에 적용하여 노화된 연료전지의 특성분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 노화 전후의 연료전지 등가회로 모델 차이를 간단히 언급하고 차후 진행될 모델링 방향을 제시하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.505-511
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• 2014

The EPDM(ethylene-propylene diene monomer) rubbers used for manufacturing engine radiator hoses can be degraded by locally generated electrical stress in addition to thermal and mechanical stresses. This study presents an accelerated life prediction of the EPDM rubber under electrochemical stresses using the Arrhenius formula under various aging temperatures($60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, and $100^{\circ}C$). The modified life prediction formula considers the relationship between the gradient($E_a/R$) and the Arrhenius constant(C). The effects of tensile strain(5%, 10%) on the life of these rubbers were investigated. The aging temperature influences EPDM rubber life, and tensile strain was predicted. It was confirmed that the modified life prediction was within the data deviation level of the test.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2018.07a
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• pp.225-227
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• 2018

일반적으로 리튬이온은 배터리들은 각 배터리마다 고유의 전기화학적 특성을 갖고 있으며 이러한 특성들로 인해서 직렬 또는 병렬로 패키징 되어서 팩으로 사용 될 때 각 셀 간의 전압 불균형이 발생하게 된다. 셀 벨런싱 회로 같은 셀 간 불균형을 회복시켜주는 기능이 없다면 배터리 팩 내의 셀 간 전압 불균형은 시간이 지남에 따라 더 커지게 되고 이는 배터리 팩의 노화를 가속 시키거나 배터리 팩의 성능을 저하시키는 원인이 된다. 이는 폐 리튬이온 배터리 팩을 재활용하는데 있어서도 반드시 고려해야하는 사항으로서 재활용 팩의 사용시간에 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. 위의 문제를 극복하기 위해서는 배터리 팩을 만들기 전에 스크리닝을 통해서 전기화학적 성분이 유사한 배터리들을 팩으로 만드는 것이 필요하다. 일반적으로 프레시 배터리의 용량은 거의 비슷하기 때문에 프레시 배터리 용량은 프레시 배터리를 스크리닝 하기 위한 많은 기준들 중에서 가중치가 크지 않지만 폐 리튬이온 배터리들은 각 배터리마다 고유의 전기화학적 특성을 갖을 뿐만 아니라 각 배터리마다 상이한 배터리 용량을 갖고 있기 때문에 각 배터리의 용량에 프레시 배터리를 스크리닝 할 때보다 큰 가중치를 두어 스크리닝 할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 같은 전류 프로파일로 노화된 배터리 팩 내의 셀들의 전기화학적 특성을 분석하여 폐배터리 셀들을 재활용하기 위한 스크리닝 방법에 대해서 고찰한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.16-17
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.76-78
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• 2019

에너지저장시스템(Energy storage system; ESS)의 장시간 운용에 따라 배터리 물리적, 화학적으로 배터리 내부 활물질의 변형이 일어나며, 배터리의 전기화학적 특성이 달라진다. 이의 특성을 반영한 배터리 팩의 운용이 필요하며, 안정적이고 장기간 사용하기 위해 배터리 팩 내부 셀 간 불균형을 반영이 필요하다. 하지만, 배터리 팩의 노화로 셀 간 불균형이 발생 시, 같은 조건에서 개별 셀의 노화도를 판단하는 것은 어렵다. 이러한 이유로 배터리 팩뿐만 아니라 개별 셀의 노화를 판단하기 위해 건전성 지표(Health indicator)를 사용한다. 건전성 지표를 사용하여 Hotelling t² 통계량을 적용하여 배터리의 이상 신호 탐지를 수행하였다.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1098-1103
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• 2020

This paper deals with a method for estimating the battery state-of-health(SOH) through electrical experiments and electrochemical modeling of lithium-ion secondary battery. In order to confirm the actual battery SOH through the battery electrical aging experiment, the current integration method was used. The SOH is estimated using the internal resistance value derived from the electrical experiment. Also, in electrochemical modeling, the SOH is estimated through the change of the SEI layer with the increase of the number of cycles. The new SOH is derived by applying weighting factor to the three methods of estimating SOH, including the actual battery SOH.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.107-113
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• 2011

Coolant rubber hoses for automotive radiators under thermal and mechanical loadings can be degraded and thus failed due to the influences of the locally formed electricity. In this study, an advanced test method was developed to simulate the failure problem of the rubber hose. For carbon black filled EPDM (ethylene-propylene dine monomer) rubber used as a radiator hose material the ageing behaviors by the electro-chemical stresses combined with a tensile strain were analyzed. As the tensile strain increased, the current of the rubber specimen reduced indicating an increase of the internal defects and electrical resistance of the rubber specimen. Elongation at break and IRHD hardness rapidly decreased with increasing the ageing time. Both electro-chemical stress and mechanical tensile stress clearly accelerated the degradation of EPDM rubber.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.162-168
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• 2000

The influence of phenolsulfunate concentrations on electroplating characteristics and electrochemical behaviors was investigated with a viewpoint of electrolyte aging using the circulation cell and potentiostate And comparison of tinplate coating appearance such as glossiness and Image clarify has been also studied with varying of phenolsulfonic acid (PSA) solutions. As the aging of electrolyte proceeded, the limiting current density was moved to a lower current density region by the limitation of mass transfer, and higher phenolsulfunate concentrations resulted in the narrower optimum current density range and deterioration of coating surface of tinplates. The difference of the limiting current density was not remarkable with increasing electrolyte temperature. Thus the electrolyte aging was attributed to the limitation of thermally-activated process such as mass transfer of reducible ions. It has also been considered that the accumulation of phenolsulfonate suppressed normal electrotinning reaction by reducing the mobility of stannous ions, taking into account of the smaller effect of electrolyte aging. Experiments showed similar polarization behavior between the electrolyte of high phenolsufonate solution and the aged one, which comes to conclude that the accumulation of phenolsulfonate is one of the major causes of electrolyte aging.