• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.348-358
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• 2012

This study aims to prepare the basic data of the teeth color by measuring analyze mode using the color of the maxillary anterior teeth (maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, canine) of the college students in their twenties as the dental colorimeter. The maxillary anterior teeth of the subjects of study as 467 students (male 89, female 378) were measured from 14 November to 2 December, 2011, so the color of total 1,401 teeth was examined, and oral health and eating habit attributes were researched. The survey results were as follows. 1. The color of maxillary anterior teeth was changed from maxillary central incisor to maxillary canine, brightness ($L^*$) was decreased $76.79{\pm}4.86$ to $69.72{\pm}4.62$, red chroma ($a^*$) was increased $2.02{\pm}2.00$ to $4.10{\pm}2.60$, yellow chroma ($b^*$) was increased $15.51{\pm}3.42$ to $20.10{\pm}3.46$. 2. Brightness ($L^*$) was different according to sex (p< 0.001), major (p<0.001), grade (p<0.001), smoking (p<0.001), oral health education (p<0.01), daily brushing frequency (p<0.001), brushing method (p<0.05), oral hygiene devices (p<0.001), and red chroma ($a^*$) to major (p<0.001), daily brushing frequency (p<0.05), brushing time after meals (p<0.01), oral hygiene devices (p<0.01), and yellow chroma ($b^*$) to brushing time after meals (p<0.01), subjective tooth color (p<0.001). 3. Brightness ($L^*$) of eating habit attributes was different according to coke, candy ($R^2=0.053$, p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the color of maxillary anterior teeth has differences in brightness ($L^*$), red chroma ($a^*$), yellow chroma ($b^*$) from each tooth, also these showed various tendency according to the oral health and eating habit attributes.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

This study attempted to survey the present status of the eight students who, 17 years from now, had participated in a special program for 170 days preparing for early entrance to the KAIST. With six students who responded to the questionnaire previously sent, the study focused on each participant's achievement at present, his evaluation on Accelerated Education, his personal opinions on early entrance to university and Gifted Science Education. From the survey, we could find out that three participants had received a doctorate and they are currently working as researchers at research center or professors at university. The other three participants are working as researchers at research center after receiving the M. S. Academic achievements vary according to each participant, but three of them, who ranked high in research achievement, had their articles published in international journals of the SCI level even when they were between 25 and 28 of age. Two of them in particular showed outstanding engineering and developing the commercial modem for IMT 2000 for the first time in Korea. One participant entered Harvard University to major in physics and afterwards studied the law in UCLA. He is now a professor in the law department. Concerning the evaluations on Accelerated Education and early entrance system, four participants answered positively while two participants expressed negative attitudes. When asked their opinions on the Gifted Education in Korea, such problems were pointed out as too much pressure of entering the first-class universities, the tendency to avoid choosing science-related major at universities, the lack of education system that encourages creative thinking, etc. It is necessary that the accelerated education play an important role to maximize their hidden potentials. It remains to be seen in what places these six participants will find themselves and of what ideas they will come up within the next 17 years. It will be worthwhile to wait until then for another survey.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Sensitivities of PLBs of four Phalaenopsis cultivars, P. 'Taisuco Windian', P. 'Nancy Amour', P. 'Pink Twilight' and P. 'Taipei Gold' to kanamycin, spectinomycin and hygromycin at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) were examined. Hygromycin was favorable for selecting the transformants in the genetic transformation of Phalaenopsis as PLBs of four cultivars were all dead at even $25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ hygromycin. Responses of PLBs of P. 'Maki Watanabe' and P. 'Brother Lawrence' to DL-phosphinothricin (PPT) were determined at different concentrations (0, 0.1. 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, and $5.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) and $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ PPT was thought to be suitable for selecting the transformants of Phalaenopsis. The optimum conditions for Agrobacterium cocultivation with Phalaenopsis PLBs were examined using a two-step cocultivation method in Dtps. 'City Girl' and A. tumefaciens LBA4404. In the first infection period in a 1 : 10 suspension of Agrobacterium to a VW medium, 1 hr infection showed the highest PLB survival ratio. And then, PLBs were cocultivated with a bacterial strain and a 3-day cocultivation period was better for Phalaenopsis PLBs than a prolonged period. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LBA4404 (pTOK233) and EHA105 (pGA643) were used to compare their efficiency on the genetic transformation of Phalaenopsis PLBs. The PLBs infected with EHA105 survived more than those infected with LBA4404 after two days in a dark condition and two weeks in light condition on a selective medium. About 1,000 PLBs for each of P. 'Maki Watanabe' and P. 'Brother Lawrence', and each bacterial strain of AGL1 (pCAMBIA3301) and LBA4404 (pTOK233) were used for the regeneration of transgenic plants. The bacterial strain AGL1 had a higher genetic transformation efficiency than LBA4404, with no significant difference between cultivars. In this study, 11 hygromycin-resistant plantlets and 32 PPT-resistant plantlets were produced, but these putative transgenic plantlets need further examinations.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the epidemiologic feature of aseptic meningitis in Pohang city for 6 years from 1997 to 2002. Methods : We reviewed the clinical records of 1,839(1,138 male and 701 female) aseptic meningitis patients who had been admitted to 3 general hospitals in Pohang city from 1997 to 2002. Results : 1,750 cases(1,078 male and 672 female) were selected as aseptic meningitis by reviewing clinical records. The ratio of male to female was 1.6 : 1. Aseptic meningitis occured in children of all age groups, and the prevalent age group was different by year. The most common developed month was June(31.3%), and 84.2% of cases were focused from May to August. The time from the initial manifestation to hospital admission was $4.19{\pm}2.96$ (median 3 days). Conclusion : We were performed to investigate the epidemiologic feature of clinical records of Aseptic meningitis pediatric patients who had been admitted and treated to 3 General hospitals in Pohang city from 1997 to 2002. We have to keep up Our study for consideration of the basic of Aseptic meningitis epidemiology and long term control is necessary to prevention the impact of Aseptic meningitis because Aseptic meningitis pediatric patients were continuously recorded by Epidemiological annual report in Pohang city.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 1992

Dietary intakes of 57 college women were measured by 7-day weight food records(7WR) Nutrient intakes of 7WR were compared with results of using 1-day weighted food records(1WR) and 2-day weighed food records(2WR), 7WR were recorded for 7 consecutive days by subjects and its first two days were chosen to provide 1WR and 2WR Mean nutrient intakes of the group were not significantly different between 1WR or 2WRand 7WR. Within-person variations were found to be greater than between-person variations. The ratio of within- and between-person variability was lowest for the vitamin A and highest for the calcium. Data on 7WR were analyzed to estimate the number of recording days needed to ensure r$\geq$0.9 between observed and turn mean intakes. The 11 to 13 days needed for energy sugar protein and vitamin A and 20 days for calcium The results indicated that the number of days needed varied substantially among individuals for the same nutrient and within individuals for different nutrients.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2022

This study aimed to prepare basic data for protecting the habitat of Fairy Pitta Pitta nympha and coping with climate change by detecting songs with bio-acoustic recording technology and identifying phenological characteristics in protected areas in Korea. The study sites were 36 protected areas nationwide. Data were collected between January and December 2019, and the analysis period was from May 1 to August 31, 2019. The main results are described as follows. Firstly, songs were detected in 22 out of 36 study sites. Frequency analysis results of songs show that high frequency was observed in southern inland, including Jeju island, and the area with the highest latitude was Seoraksan National Park. Secondly, the first song was observed in Hallyeohaesang National Park Geumsan on May 14, 2019, and the last song was observed in Ungok wetland in Gochang on August 6, 2019. Thirdly, circadian rhythm analysis results of songs show that the frequency rapidly increased at five o'clock in the morning, peaked at six o'clock, and then decreased afterward. Fourthly, seasonal cycle analysis results of songs show that they were observed from May 14, 2019 to August 6, and the day with the highest accumulated frequency of songs was June 3, 2019 (Julian date: 154). The average temperature of the day the songs were detected was 17.4℃, the average precipitation was 0.02mm, and the average humidity was 82.6%. Fifthly, a correlation analysis result between Fairy Pitta's songs and meteorological factors shows that temperature indicated a negative correlation with Fairy Pitta's songs (p<0.001), but precipitation (p=0.053) and humidity (p=0.077) did not indicate a statistical significance (df=471). This study is significant in that it confirmed the distribution of Fairy Pitta's songs using bio-acoustic recording technology in protected areas nationwide and identified their ecological characteristics by precisely analyzing the relationship between the song period and meteorological factors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2310-2319
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• 2014

The study was to investigate the multicultural attitude of nursing students and non-nursing major students. And it was explored influencing factors related with it. This study was used a descriptive comparative designed. Data were collected 3 universities in D city in from Nov. to Dec. in 2012. After receiving the agreement, 309 nursing students and 195 non-nursing major students were recruited. They were asked to fill in a self-reported questionnaire about multicultural attitude. The Korean version Munroe Multicultural Attitude Scale Questionnaire (MASQUE) was used. Cronbach's alpha were .85. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0. The mean score of multicultural attitude was 4.44 of 6 points(73%) in all participants. Nursing students' multicultural attitudes scores were equal to other college students'. The factors related to multicultural attitude were the experiences of having foreigner friends, going abroad, attending multicultural events, and contacting multicultural contents. The students who have cared foreign patients were not higher than others in nursing students group(t=.30, p=.76). For nursing students contacting foreigners in clinical practice, it doesn't make a differnce in multicultural attitude. The culturally empowering programs were needed for nursing students to improve multicultural attitudes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.113-122
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• 2017

This study was conducted to understand the factors influencing happiness of college students while focusing on meaning in life and to supply an interventional way for promotion of happiness of college students. The subjects were 205 students in C city and the data were collected from 20-30 October 2016. Data were analyzed based on themeans using an independent t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ method, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Significant differences were found in the happiness grades by sex (p=0.045), age (p=0.019), degree (p=0.038), satisfaction in major (p<0.001), and perceived health condition (p<0.001). Happiness was positively related to self-confidence (p<0.001), self-control (p<0.001), positive emotion (p<0.001), meaning in life (p<0.001), finding meaning in life (p<0.001), and search for meaning in life (p<0.001). Uponmultiple regression analysis, finding meaning in life, perceived health condition, and satisfaction withmajor accounted for 41.0% of the happiness, with finding meaning in life beingthe most influential factor.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify factors influencing subjective happiness among nursing students. Participants consisted of 147 nursing students who were in the third and fourth years at two universities located in the Chungbuk and Kyungbuk provinces. Data were collected using questionnaires that looked at college-based stress, clinical-based stress, self-esteem, and subjective happiness from September 26 to October 29, 2016. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 statistics program with descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Scheffe's test, and hierarchical regression. The mean score for subjective happiness was 19.91 (range: 4 to 28). The mean for college-based stress was 2.92, and clinical-based stress was 2.61 (range: 1 to 5). The mean for self-esteem was 29.74 (range: 10 to 40). The significant predictors of subjective happiness in nursing students were self-esteem (p<.001), economic status (p=.002), interpersonal relationships (p=.001), and satisfaction with their major (p=.003). The explanatory power of variance was 68%, with self-esteem serving as the major predictor variable for subjective happiness. Therefore, we need various strategies that can enhance self-esteem, satisfaction with the major, and interpersonal relationships in order to improve nursing students' subjective happiness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.256-264
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing adjustment to college life by nursing college students. Data were collected from 408 nursing students in B city from May 8, 2017 to May 12 and analyzed by ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 21.0. The degree of adjustment to college life by nursing students was $3.24{\pm}.49$. There were significant differences in adjustment to college life with respect to grade(t=2.687, p<0.001), age(F=3.187, p=0.042), academic grade(F=18.551, p<0.001), satisfaction with major(F=61.347, p<0.001), and relationship with colleagues (F=28.273, p<0.001). There were positive correlations between adjustment to college life and emotional intelligence(r=0.421, p<0.001), humor sense(r=0.360, p<0.001), and ego resilience(r=0.418, p<0.001). Regression analysis showed 41.7% of variance in nursing student's adjustment to college life was caused by grade, academic scores, satisfaction with major, relationship with colleagues, emotional intelligence, and ego resilience. These results indicated that it is necessary to determine the various factors affecting adjustment to college life and increase adjustment to college life among nursing students.