• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.279-292
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• 1991

The immune response to sheep red blood cell (sRBC) was monitored in the mice infected with Ascaris strum or Trichinella spiralis. The effects of the infection with T. spiralis or the injection with cyclophosphamide (CY) as an immunosuppression agent prior to challenge infection with the embryonated eggs of A. suum were monitored in mice by means of the level of infection with A. strum and cellular and humoral immune response to sRBC. following the oral administration of 1, 000 eggs of A. suum to mice, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and rosette-forming rate were gradually decreased and reached to the lowest levels at the 5th week and 6th week postinfection, respectively, and then returned to normal at the loth week. The hemagglutinin (HA) and hemolysin (HE) titers were gradually elevated and reached to peak at the 3rd week postinfection, and then returned to normal level. The appearance ratios of the eosinophils and mast cells were in peak at the 4th week and the 2nd week postinfection, respectively. Meanwhile the harvest ratio of A. suum larvae from the liver and lungs was 21.97% at the 1st week postinfection. Following the oral administration of 300 T. spiralis infective larvae, DTH and rosette-forming rate were gradually decreased with the lapse of time and reached the lowest values in the 30th and 21st day of postinfection, and then slightly increased and transiently decreased in the 70th and 80th day of postinfection, respectively. HA and HE titers were the lowest in the 21st and 90th day, whereas the ratios of eosinophils and mast cells were the highest on the 40th and 14th day posti nfecti on, ruts petit i vela. Following the intraperitoneal injection of CY, the body weight, the spleen weight, DTH, rosette-orming ratio, HA and HE titers, the number of WBC and the ratio of the mast cell were predominantly decreased in the 5th day, and then returned to the same value of the 1st day postinjection. The ratio of eosinophils was gradually decreased following to advance of days. At the 1st, 5th and loth days after intraperitoneal injection of CY of 400 mg/kg, a dose with 1, 000 eggs of A. suum was administered orally to mice, and harvest rate of the larvae at the 7th day postadministration was 7.07% in the 1st day, 14.94% in the 5th day, 10.1% in the loth day, 8.02% in control group. The effect of prior infection with infective larvae of T. spiralis upon immunological sequelae of a challenge infection of mice with embryonated eggs of A. suum in 30 or 70 days interval was checked. On the 37th day of prior infection with T. spiralis, that was the 7th day with A. suum postinfection, DTH and rosette-forming rate were drastically decreased, but the ratio of mast cells was highly increased and the ratio of eosinophils, HA and HE titers were fairly increased. On the other hand, the rate of larvae harvest was 9.3% in experimental group in contrast with 22.18% in control group. Meanwhile the effect of immune response to sRBC was similar to that of the former, but DTH and rosettt-forming rate were greatly decreased in the 77th day after prior infection with the 7th day after challenge infection in compariton with control. At that time, Ascaris larvae were harvested 8.3% in experimental group in comparison with 10.5% in control group.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 1971

(1) The non-specific inhibitors (NSI) in normal chicken sera were active against all the tested group A and group B arboviruses, but the group B arbovirus were more sensitive than group A arboviruses. (2) The titres of the NSI were distributed nearly uniformly among chickens from seven different age groups to group A arboviruses. In contrast, the NSI titres to group A arboviruses were found to increase with age. (3) No significant difference could be demonstrated between acetone-ether extraction and kaolin adsorption for removal of the NSI in normal chicken sera. (4) After heating, the NSI titres in chicken sera were increased for both group A and group B arboviruses. (5) After heating the sera at $80^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$, kaolin adsorption was less efficient for removing the NSI than it, was in unheated serum. Acetone-ether extraction of the NSI was unimpaired after heating at $80^{\circ}C$ but was less efficient after heating at $100^{\circ}C$. (6) The NSI activity was found mainly in the first peak (IgM) and diffused to a part of second peak (IgG) by fractionation of chicken serum by gel filtration through Sephadex G200. After zonal centrifugation of chicken serum in a linear ten to 40 percent sucrose gradient all of the NSI activities were found on the top of the centrifugal tubes. These properties of large molecular size and low density indicated that the NSI in chicken serum were probably lipoproteins. (7) The natural agglutinins for goose erythrocytes in chicken sera were partially destroyed by acetone-ether extraction but not by kaolin adsorption, and were efficiently adsorbed with ten percent goose erythrocytes. No difference of the NA titre was demonstrated with diluents of different pH. (8) The NA in chicken serum was found to possess the properties of IgM by gel filtration through Sephadex G200 and zonal centrifugation in linear ten to 40 percent sucrose gradient.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.258-266
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• 2014

Sweet potato soju (SPS), a form of traditional distilled alcoholic liquor in Korea, is manufactured by the distillation of fermented broth under normal pressure, thus providing it for a uniquely smooth taste infused with the flavor of sweet potato. After distillation, the lees of SPS is produced as by-product and discarded. In this study, the ethanol and hot water extracts of lees of SPS, and their subsequent organic solvent fractions using hexane, ethylacetate (EA), butanol, and water residue were prepared in an effort at the efficient re-use of the lees of SPS. The ethanol extraction yield was 1.36-fold higher than that of the hot water extraction, and the EA fraction revealed the highest total polyphenol content among the solvent fractions. The various extracts and solvent fractions did not demonstrate hemolytic activity at up to 0.5 mg/ml concentrations against human red blood cells. In the bioactivity assay, only the EA fraction displayed a broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity against different pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria, and demonstrated significant anti-coagulation activity by inhibitions of thrombin, prothrombin and blood coagulation factors. Furthermore, only the EA fraction from the hot water extract of the lees of SPS showed anti-platelet aggregation activity, which is comparable to aspirin (a commercially available drug). Our results suggest that the EA fraction of the hot water extract prepared from the lees of SPS has a high potential as a novel resource for anti-microbial and anti-thrombosis agents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2024

Dioscorea alata L, commonly known as "tropical yam" is the most widely consumed yam species among the 650 yam species belonging to the Dioscoreacea family. It is extensively cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions and is a major food source in Africa and India. Also, it is used for medicinal purposes, particularly in China and Taiwan, for its anti-inflammatory properties. In comparison to other yam varieties such as D. batatas or D. opposita, the tropical yam has gained popularity in Korea due to its higher yield per unit area. In this study, the nutritional characteristics and anti-thrombosis activity of the aerial bulbils of D. alata L. tropical yam were compared to those of D. opposita. The results showed that the aerial bulbils of tropical yam exhibited nutritional characteristics and potent anticoagulant activity compared to those of domestic yam varieties. The bulbils extract of tropical yam showed superior anticoagulant activities against thrombin, prothrombin and blood coagulation factors. Furthermore, the bulbils extract of tropical yam exhibited strong platelet aggregation inhibition at 0.25 mg/ml and showed no hemolytic activity up to a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml. These findings suggest the potential development of high-value anti-thrombosis agents utilizing the aerial bulbils of tropical yam.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2002

Since lectin condense more easily cancer cell than normal cell, it has been investigated very actively. Recently, a lot of researchers gave attention to lectin in natural products especially because lectin has effects on T-cell activation and anticancer activity, and specificity on polysaccharide. The specificity is useful to confirm kind of polysaccharide of the cell surface and to study the polysaccharide. In this research, we purified lectin from shiitake, Lentinula edodes, and then characterized it. The molecular weight of the lectin was 23 kDa, and it was stable only under the $40^{\circ}C$ and in a alkaline solution. As for the specificity of polysaccharide, the lectin had specificity on galactose, fucose, glucose, lactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. In addition, it was confirmed to be a glycoprotein.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2016

This study was designed to develop the functional beverage using Salicornia herbacea L (SH). To evaluate the anti-oxidation and anti-thrombosis activities of SH, the ethanol extracts of leaf (LF), stem (ST) and seed (SD) of SH were prepared. Components analysis showed the total polyphenol of LF > ST > SD, and the total flavonoid of LF > SE > ST, respectively. Amounts of total sugar and reducing sugar of LF and ST were similar, but the SD had only 1/10 of sugar contents of LF. Anti-oxidation activities of each extract determined by calculated RC₅₀ showed LF > SD > ST for DPPH anion, nitrite and reducing power, and LF = SD > ST for ABTS cation scavenging activity, respectively. In anti-coagulation assay, SD showed strong inhibition activity against thrombin and blood coagulation factors. All the extracts had no platelet aggregation activities against human platelet and no hemolysis against human RBC. Our results suggest that the SD from SH has a great potential as a new anti-coagulation agent.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.79-88
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• 2001

Lectin was isolated from shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) with 0.15 M NaCl solution, and purified by the following procedures : precipitation by ammonium sulfate, anion exchange column chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-50 and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The fresh pileus part of the mushroom contained more than two times of lectin compared to the stipe part, and lectins and its activity were reduced by heating. The extraction yield of crude lectin was 46.03%, 28% yield after purification on on DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. Some amino acids, aspartic acid, serine, alanine and histidine, were increased by purification process. Relatively low molecular weight parts of lectin had the agglutinating activity for rabbit blood, and its molecular weight was about 23 kDa The molecular weights of purified lectins, LA-a and LB-b, by the hydroxyapatite column chromatography were 24 kDa and 23 kDa, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.837-842
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• 1995

Hot red pepper(Capsicum annum L.) has been extensively used as a spicy food additive and preservative in Korea. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary hot red pepper powder on humoral immune response in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups and fed experimental diets containing 0, 2, 5, 10% hot red pepper powder for 27 days. All groups were immunized with sheep red blood cells. In order to measure the immune response, plaque-forming cell number, agglutination titer, and serum antibody level were measured. Tissue ascorbic acid contents were also determined by high-performance liquid chromatogrphy. There was an increased plaque-forming cell number, agglutination titer, and serum IgG level in the groups supplemented with hot red pepper powder as compared to control. Tissure ascorbic acid contents in the hot pepper powder supplemented group were higher than those of control. The results suggest that the dietary hot red pepper powder enhances humoral immune response in rats, indicating that the hot pepper contains biological response modifier.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.865-872
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• 2014

In this study, ethanol and hot water extracts of lees from Korean traditional wine (J-B, J-S, J-Y, J-H, and J-W) were prepared, and their effects on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, and hemolysis of human red blood cells (hRBCs) were investigated to develop functional food ingredients from lees. The pH and brix of the lees ranged from 3.90 to 4.29 and 5.0 to $27.0^{\circ}$, respectively, and there was a huge difference in the water and ethanol content among the lees. The nuruk and additives used affected the color and physicochemical properties of lees. The J-W takju made from only rice and traditional nuruk, which has $13^{\circ}$ brix and 1.8% of alcohol, has potential as functional food ingredient. With regard to the extraction yields of lees, higher yields were obtained from J-H, which contains different medicinal plants, in ethanol, followed by J-W, J-B, J-S, and J-Y. Higher extraction yields of lees were obtained from J-S in hot water, followed by J-B, J-W, J-H, and J-Y, respectively. The ethanol extract of J-H and the hot water extract of J-Y had the highest contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoids among the lees extracts. The 10 lees extracts did not show hemolysis activity against hRBCs up to 5 mg/ml. In an anticoagulation activity assay, the ethanol extracts of three yakju lees (J-B, J-S, and J-Y) and the hot water extract of J-W inhibited thrombin activity, whereas the hot water extract of J-B, J-S, and J-H inhibited blood coagulation factors. In an antiplatelet aggregation activity assay, only the J-W takju lees showed significant inhibition activity. Our results suggest that lees from traditional wine had high potential as a novel antithrombosis agent.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1981

Recent studies have demonstrated that histamine could have a modulatory influence on the immune response in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of histamine on immune response in mice has not been extensivley analyzed. In the present study the regulatory effects of cimetidine, a histamine-2-receptor antagonist(H2 blocker) and histamine on the immune response to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) were evaluated in mice. Mice pretreated with daily intraperitoneal injection of varying concentrations of cimetidine for 14 days were immunized intraperitoneally with various concentrations of SRBC($10^6,\;10^7,\;and\;10^8$ cells) and challenged 4 days post immunization. The cellular immune response was determined by measuring the footpad swelling reaction. Footpad swelling reaction of each mouse was measured at 3hr(Arthus) reaction) and 24 or 48 hr(delayed reactions) after challenge. The humoral immune response was determined by measuring hemagglutinins to SRBC. Histamine in varying concentrations($10^{-1},\;10^{-3}\;and\;10^{-5}M$(was added in SRBC suspension at the time of antigen challenge into footpad, and 24-hr delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) was measured. Cimetidine in varying concentrations(10, 50, 250, 1250 and 6250${\mu}g$) enhanced 24-hr DTH and this enhancement of DTH was more pronounced at 250${\mu}g$ of cimetidine. However, there were no significant differences between the cimetidine-pretreated groups and controls in Arthus reaction and hemagglutinin titers. Histamine suppressed the DTH in the dose-dependent fashion. This suppression was more pronounced at lower concentration of immunizing antigen($10^7\;and\;10^6$ SRBC). However, histamine did not diminish the DTH at higher concentration of antigen($10^8$ SRBC). These results present the evidences which strongly suggest that cimetidine enhances the cell-mediated immune response but not significantlly influences the humoral immune response and that exogenous and endogenous histamine is involved in the modulation of cellular immune response as well as immediate hypersensitivity.