• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• 제31권4C호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2006

We propose a novel low complexity video encoder, at the expense of a complex decoder, where video frames are intra-coded periodically and frames in between successive intra-coded frames are coded efficiently using a proposed irregular binning technique. We investigate a method of forming an irregular binning which is capable of quantizing any value effectively with only small number of bins, by exploiting the correlation between successive frames. This correlation is additionally exploited at the decoder, where the quality of reconstructed frames is enhanced gradually by applying POCS(projection on the convex sets). After an image frame is reconstructed with the irregular binning information at the proposed decoder, we can further improve the resulting quality by modifying the reconstructed image with motion-compensated image components from the neighboring frames which are considered to contain image details. In the proposed decoder, several iterations of these modification and re-projection steps can be invoked. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed coding scheme is comparable to that of H.264/AVC coding in m mode. Since the proposed video coding does not require motion estimation at the encoder, it can be considered as an alternative for some versions of H.264/AVC in applications requiring a simple encoder.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2009

Calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) plays pivotal roles as an intracellular second messenger in response to a variety of stimuli, including light, abiotic. and biotic stresses and hormones. $Ca^{2+}$ sensor is $Ca^{2+}$-binding protein known to function in transducing signals by activating specific targets and pathways. Among $Ca^{2+}$-binding proteins, calmodulin (CaM) has been well reported to regulate the activity of down-stream target proteins in plants and animals. Especially plants possess multiple CaM genes and many CaM target proteins, including unique protein kinases and transcription factors. Thus, plants are possible to perceive different signals from their surroundings and adapt to the changing environment. However, the function of most of CaM or CaM-related proteins have been remained uncharacterized and unknown. Hence, a better understanding of the function of these proteins will help in deciphering their roles in plant growth, development and response to environmental stimuli. This review focuses on $Ca^{2+}$-CaM messenger system, CaM-associated proteins and their role in responses to external stimuli of both abiotic and biotic stresses in plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.184-187
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• 2013

The Four Major Rivers Restoration Project of is the multi-purpose green growth project in South Korea. Some of the project was progressed by K-water and was declared complete on October 21, 2011. The Four Rivers Restoration Project of Korea was designed to be a packaged project that aims to resolve water-related problems such as floods and droughts and revitalize Korean public spaces near the water. K-water have applied the latest ICT(Information and Communication Technology) for the operating management of 4 Rivers Project facilities. We also have applied ICT for integrating drinking water production facilities. Applying these ICT, we have many experience for integrated water resources management, so we proposed. The first is that the big data collected should be analyzed for making decisions and taking actions while considering multiple viewpoints of how water should be managed. The second is that the new MMI(Man Machine Interface) program should be developed to use domestic needs and promote ease of maintenance for the integrated operation. The third is that the standardization of communication protocol is needed for seamless communication between equipments.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.123-143
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate daycare center director's awareness of male teacher recruitment and need for effective male teacher recruitment. Methods: To this end, eight directors of child care centers with male teachers were selected as subjects of study. The data collection method was applied to the Focus Group Interview method, and a four interviews were conducted for two to two and a half hours. Results: After the interview data was analyzed, the contents were categorized into two major themes and six sub themes in awareness of male teacher recruitment by director of daycare center. The two major themes were (1) A vague fear of upcoming difficulties (2) The light and darkness of male teachers in the organization culture of childcare. Looking at the results, in a vague fear of upcoming difficulties theme includes administrative disadvantages, gender-related social atmosphere, and uncertainty about their role performance. Second, in the light and darkness theme includes women-centered organizational culture and adaptation, the vision of child care sites, and the role of male teachers at childcare sites. Next the contents were categorized into one major theme and four sub themes in need for effective male teacher recruitment by director of daycare center. The major theme was a male teacher's way into the daycare site, and sub five themes were expanding opportunities for child care experience and practices, a shift in the perception that it's not a man, it's an individual problem, maximizing the strengths of men, and improving the system. Conclusion/Implications: Based on these results, several specific implications of need for effective male teacher recruitment were suggested.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• 제71권
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• pp.341-370
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• 2022

As COVID-19 has been converted to an endemic with social distancing lifted, people are getting used to new cultures and lifestyles that are different from before. While the world is now adapting to rapidly changing trends, Christian education is facing a crisis without being able to respond to these changes. Therefore, a new Christian education method is now required. The purpose of this study is to suggest a new Christian education method that allows Christians to properly lead a new era as an alternative to Christian education that is experiencing such a crisis. The study also presents the metaverse Christian education platform, which is a detailed and practical method of Christian education, by incorporating the platform and metaverse that are under the spotlight in the post-Corona era into Christian education. Here, the christian educational platform refers to the system, space, and various materials that can make Christian education efficient and smooth. The metaverse Christian education platform consists of 4 stages according to the size of the platform to activate supply and demand within the platform. Stage 1 is a home education platform, Stage 2 is a community education platform, Stage 3 is a regional union education platform, and Stage 4 is an educational mission platform. The last Stage 4, the educational mission platform utilized the metaverse, which is drastically expanding in the present era, as a method of educational mission. It is meaningful that the educational mission has been embodied by providing small churches and the next generation in underdeveloped countries with educational contents, educational materials, online mentors, virtual communities, and real-time educational broadcasts within the educational platform, using virtual spaces in the metaverse.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2010

We(Hansol EME Co. Ltd.) proceeded anaerobic digestion test for domestic food wastewater applying to two operating method for increasing of OLR. The methods are as follows. One was the rapidity operating method which was increasing the OLR continuously and rapidly and the other was the terraced operating method which was increasing the OLR having adaptation period for each step. As a result of this tests, the ratio of VFA/Alkalinity of the process was very unstable under the rapidity operating method then the volume of produced biogas was dramatically decreased. However the process was shown stable performance under the terraced operating method maintaining the ratio of VFA/Alkalinity less than 0.4. Also, the process was performing the biogas recovery of $0.8Nm^3/kgVS_{rem}/d$ and the VS removal ratio of 85%. T-RFLP analysis about the community of bacteria and methanogen is also conducted to check the change of the microbial community according to the methods of OLR increasing operation. The microbial community was changed by the methods of OLR increasing operation according to the result of T-RFLP analysis. Although the anaerobic digestion test was executed by same pilot plant, the reactivity and the tolerance of microbial community for surrounding environment could be considerably changed by the operating method for the process.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1210-1230
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• 1997

In this paper, we suggest an architecture of DS/CDMA tranceiver composed of one pilot channel used as reference and multiple traffic channels. The pilot channel-an unmodulated PN code-is used as the reference signal for synchronization of PN code and data demondulation. The coherent demodulation architecture is also exploited for the reverse link as well as for the forward link. Here are the characteristics of the suggested DS/CDMA system. First, we suggest an interlaced quadrature spreading(IQS) method. In this method, the PN coe for I-phase 1st channel is used for Q-phase 2nd channels and the PN code for Q-phase 1st channel is used for I-phase 2nd channel, and so on-which is quite different from the eisting spreading schemes of DS/CDMA systems, such as IS-95 digital CDMA cellular or W-CDMA for PCS. By doing IQS spreading, we can drastically reduce the zero crossing rate of the RF signals. Second, we introduce an adaptive threshold setting for the synchronization of PN code, an initial acquistion method that uses a single PN code generator and reduces the acquistion time by a half compared the existing ones, and exploit the state machines to reduce the reacquistion time Third, various kinds of functions, such as automatic frequency control(AFC), automatic level control(ALC), bit-error-rate(BER) estimator, and spectral shaping for reducing the adjacent channel interference, are introduced to improve the system performance. Fourth, we designed and implemented the DS/CDMA MODEM to be used for variable transmission rate applications-from 16Kbps to 1.024Mbps. We developed and confirmed the DS/CDMA MODEM architecture through mathematical analysis and various kind of simulations. The ASIC design was done using VHDL coding and synthesis. To cope with several different kinds of applications, we developed transmitter and receiver ASICs separately. While a single transmitter or receiver ASC contains three channels (one for the pilot and the others for the traffic channels), by combining several transmitter ASICs, we can expand the number of channels up to 64. The ASICs are now under use for implementing a line-of-sight (LOS) radio equipment.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.519-547
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to analysis how economic welfare lost happens within the present korea seasonal and time period electricity pricing system and find out reasonable electricity price system acceptable during the transitional period of korea electricity industry restructuring To analyze economic welfare lost in the electricity industry, in advance seasonal and time periodic 9 demand curves(summer, spring ＆fall, winter/peak-load time, middle-load time, low-load time) and one market supply curve are made and then using these demand and supply curve, seasonal and time periodic market equilibrium prices is calculated. Finally, comparing these market equilibrium prices with present regulated classified seasonal and time periodic prices, the whole economic welfare lost in the electricity industry is calculated. The result of this study shows that in 2002, the total economic welfare lost in electricity industry is 137,770 million Won and under present price system, the worst welfare lost is happening seasonally in spring ＆ fall, time periodically in the middle-load time. Specifically analyzing the characteristics of welfare lost, especially on the industry customers and service customers which are applied in seasonal and time periodic pricing, for the industry customers, the welfare lost calculated in this class occupies 51% of the total welfare lost in the whole electricity industry and the worst welfare lost is happening seasonally in spring ＆ fall, time periodically in the middle-load time. For service customers, the welfare lost calculated in this class occupies 13% of the total welfare lost in the whole electricity industry and the worst welfare lost is happening seasonally in summer, time periodically in the peak time Finally, this study was made based on the year of 2002 and KEPCO has practiced two times of rate change until now. The result of rate change was positively analyzed in the direction of economic welfare improvement(welfare improvement achieved by 16.3% compared to 2002 result).

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2007

선박제조업을 비롯한 운송업 및 건축업 등의 다양한 분야에서 용접기술이 이용되어 옴에 따라 용접근로자들에 대한 산업보건학적 관심이 높아지고 있다. 노출정도가 다양하기는 하지만 용접흄은 6가 크롬을 비롯한 금속화합물과 유해가스, 화학물질 등을 복합적으로 포함하고 있는 스테인레스 스틸 용접흄에 대한 유전독성영향을 평가하기 위하여 흡입챔버를 이용, 실험동물인 영장류에 스테인레스 스틸 용접흄을 노출시키고 혈액 내 lymphocytes에 생성된 용접흄 노출농도 및 시간별 DNA 손상정도 및 그 회복효소를 측정함으로써, 유해성이 완전하게 확인되지 않은 용접흄에 노출되어 나타날 수 있는 암을 비롯한 심각한 건강영향을 예방하기 위한 각 지표들을 찾아 그 유용성을 비교하고자 하였다. 영장류를 노출시키기 위해 robotic arm을 장치한 영장류 흡입노출 시스템을 개발하였으며, 이 노출 시스템을 이용하여 수컷 영장류 6마리에 대해 용접흄 노출시험을 실시하였는데 실험군은 대조군 2, 저농도 ($31mg/m^3$) 노출군 2, 고농도 ($63mg/m^3$) 노출군 2마리로 구성하였고, 1일 2시간씩 일주일에 5일 동안 용접흄에 노출시켰다. 노출 농도는 지속적으로 모니터링 하였고, 노출과정 중에 영장류의 혈액을 채취하여 lymphocytes를 분리, 단세포 DNA 손상을 선별하기 위해 DNA 손상회복 효소인 E. coli formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg)와 endonuclease Ⅲ (Thymine Glycol-DNA glycosylase) 투여와 Comet asaay (single cell gel electrophoresis, 단세포겔전기영동기법)를 결합시켜 이용하는 Fpg/Endo III FLARE 분석법을 사용하였다. Fpg enzyme에 의한 olive tail moment값의 변화는 16주 노출군부터 노출부검(34주)군 까지 노출농도가 높아짐에 따른 olive tail moment 기하평균 값의 양 반응관계를 보기는 어렵지만, 고농도군의 경우 27주 노출군에서 가장 높은 olive tail moment 값을 보이고 이후 차츰 감소하였다. 한편 16주에서 22주까지의 노출기간에서는 대조군에 비해 노출군에서 DNA손상정도(olive tail moment값)는 모두 유의하게 높았으나, 6, 12, 18, 25, 31, 33, 35주간 노출하였을 때는 다른 결과를 보였다. 각 실험군의 Fpg enzyme에 의한 tail length값의 분포를 살펴볼 때, 저농도군 및 고농도군에서 27주간 노출하였을 때 가장 높은 tail length 값을 보이고 이후 차츰 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 16, 22주간 노출하였을 때 대조군에 비해 노출군에서 tail length 값이 유의하게 높았으나, 20주간에서만 양 반응관계가 관찰되었고, 다른 주간에서는 양 반응 및 기간 반응관계를 나타내지는 않았다. Endo III enzyme에 의한 olive tail moment값의 변화는 기간별 노출군에서 대조군에 비해 높은 DNA손상정도(olive tail moment값)를 나타내는 결과들이 있었지만, 10, 12, 16, 22, 25, 31주간 노출하였을 때 등 상당수 노출기간에서 반응관계를 나타내지는 않았다. 각 실험군의 Endo III enzyme에 의한 tail length값의 분포를 살펴볼 때, 18, 20, 27, 33주간 노출하였을 때 대조군에 비해 노출군에서 tail length 값이 조금 높았지만, 양 반응 및 기간 반응관계를 보이지 않았고 수치의 크기가 불규칙하게 변화하였다. 즉, DNA에 있어 산화된 pyrimidine을 형성하여 손상된 부위의 염기를 제거함으로써 AP site (abasic site)를 만들고 이들이 Comet assay를 통해 break로 전환된 것을 포함한 DNA손상을 측정하기 위하여 endonuclease III (Endo III)를 첨가시킨 Endo III FLARE 분석법을 실시한 결과, 본 연구에서 나타난 결과는 용접흄 노출 영장류에서 Olive tail moment 및 tail length 공히 노출량 및 노출기간 반응관계를 볼 수 없었다. Endo III FLARE 분석법을 통한 산화적 DNA 손상지표는 영장류에 적용하기에는 적응반응현상으로 대조군과 유의한 차이도 관찰할 수 없었고 더욱이 역으로 대조군에서의 자연발생적 수치가 더 높아질 수 있어 용접흄 노출 영장류의 모니터링 지표로 사용하기에는 제한점이 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005년도 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.311-318
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• 2005

Transparency on the Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) is the key issue to enhance the public acceptance for a permanent high level radioactive repository. To approve it, all performances on TSPA through Quality Assurance is necessary. The integrated Cyber R&D Platform is developed by KAERI using the T2R3 principles applicable for five major steps in R&D's. The proposed system is implemented in the web-based system so that all participants in TSPA are able to access the system. It is composed of FEAS (FEp to Assessment through Scenario development) showing systematic approach from the FEPs to Assessment methods flow chart, PAID (Performance Assessment Input Databases) showing PA(Performance Assessment) input data set in web based system and QA system receding those data. All information is integrated into Cyber R&D Platform so that every data in the system can be checked whenever necessary. For more user-friendly system, system upgrade included input data & documentation package is under development. Throughout the next phase R&D, Cyber R&D Platform will be connected with the assessment tool for TSPA so that it will be expected to search the whole information in one unified system.