• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.469-475
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• 2013

In this research, the stabilization characteristics of upgraded coal using palm oil residues were investigated. The Eco coal, which is the Indonesian low-rank coal, was used as a raw material. The low-rank coal was mixed with palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), and then dried in a nitrogen atmosphere at $107^{\circ}C$. The trend of spontaneous combustion of upgraded coal was studied by measuring of crossing-point temperature (CPT), low temperature oxidation and moisture readsorption. The results of the CPT measuring and low temperature oxidation showed that the propensity of spontaneous combustion of the upgraded coal was improved compared to the dried coal. The moisture readsorption characteristics of the upgraded coal was also improved. The upgraded coal was stabilized through the surface coating with PFAD, and stability of upgraded coal was proportional to the content of PFAD.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.285-296
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• 2014

The impacts of high temperature and drought were studied on the seedlings of three families (superiorgangwon74, intermediate-gangwon77 and inferior-gangwon132) of P. densiflora which had been selected by the based on the growth indexes of 32-year-old. The seedlings were grown in controlled-environment growth chambers with combinations of four temperatures ($-3^{\circ}C$, $0^{\circ}C$, $+3^{\circ}C$ $+6^{\circ}C$; based on the monthly average for 30 years in Korea) and two water conditions (control, drought). The growth performance, photosynthetic parameters and photosynthetic pigment contents were measured at every 30 days under four temperatures and drought condition, and the end of each treatment. The superior family showed higher relative diameter at root collar growth rate and the dry weight than intermediate and inferior family in all treatments. Under elevated temperature and drought condition, growth rate was decreased, and seedlings showed lower growth rate than that of control in three families under low temperature. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of three families decreased with the increase of temperature and drought condition, and that of seedlings under low temperature was lower than control. But under elevated temperature and drought condition, water use efficiency increased in three families. Photosynthetic pigment contents of leaves decreased under the increase of temperature and drought condition, but chlorophyll a/b ratio increased with the increase of temperature and drought condition in three families. The superior family showed higher total chlorophyll content than intermediate and inferior family in all treatments. In conclusion, P. densiflora is under changed temperature and drought condition, growth was decreased, seedlings more affected in elevated temperature than that of decreased temperature. The increase in monthly average temperature in Korea of more than $6^{\circ}C$, P. densiflora seedling growth in depending on region may decrease. In this study, the superior family(gangwon74) showed more excellent growth and physiological responses than intermediate (gangwon77) and inferior(gangwon132) family under changes temperature and drought.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.211-214
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• 1988

The thermal drying of chestnut powder showed a distinct discoloration from yellow to reddish brown color and resulted in a decrease in lysine content of chestnut protein. Chanted powders were blanched in hot solutions of 0.1% sodium bisulfate, 0.2% alum, 0.05% vitamin C and 0.1% citric acid and dried for 7 days in $50^{\cire}C$ of heatine drier. The color difference values in contrast with the original chestnut powder were 1.05, 1.24, 3.47 and 3.34, respectively. In particular, the effect of 0.1% potassium metabisulfide was distinguished. Under the blanching conditions used, a blanching period of 3 min resulted in the most favorable color of chestnut powder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2011

염색폐수의 정화에는 필연적으로 다량의 슬러지 폐기물이 발생한다. 염색폐수 슬러지는 그간 인근 공해 해상에 투기하는 해양 배출로 저렴하게 처리하였으나, 해양오염을 우려하는 국제협약(1972년 런던협약, 1996년 교토의정서)에 의하여 2008년 8월부터 배출기준이 강화되고 2012년 2월부터는 해양배출이 금지 될 예정이다. 염색폐수 슬러지의 해양 배출이 금지되면 대체 처리방법으로는 지정매립장을 통한 매립처리 방법이나 고온 소각시설에서의 소각처리 방법이 거론되고 있다. 그러나 매립처리는 슬러지 내 함유 수분으로 인한 침출수의 문제와 더불어 장기간 안정적으로 저렴하게 사용할 수 있는 대규모 처분장을 확보하기 어려운 실정이며 소각처리는 슬러지의 높은 함수율로 인해 소각 시보조 연료의 투입이 필연적으로 최근 원유가 급등 등 에너지 비용이 지속적으로 상승함을 고려할 때 소각처리비용 또한 상당한 고가가 될 것으로 예측된다. 이와 같이 슬러지 해양배출이 금지되면 섬유 염색업체들은 많은 환경비용 부담을 안을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 대규모 염색산업단지 공동폐수처리장에서 발생하는 염색폐수 슬러지의 효율적인 건조를 위해 산업단지 내의 열병합발전소에서 발생하는 보일러 폐열을 이용하였으며, 조건 특성 및 효율을 파악하기 위해 보일러 폐열의 특성을 고려하여 슬러지 두께 및 체류시간 등 건조공정 운영조건에 따른 변수별 연구를 수행하였다. 열병합발전소 보일러에서 배출되는 폐열은 온도가 $150^{\circ}C$ 정도로 기존의 슬러지 건조에서는 사용되는 $700^{\circ}C$에 비해서는 매우 저온이다. 하지만 보일러 배가스의 경우, 온도에 비해 많은 풍량을 가지고 있으므로 열량으로 환산시 충분히 가치가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 염색폐수 슬러지의 경우, 함수율 70% 이내의 탈수 Cake 형태이므로 두께가 두꺼울수록 건조효율이 감소하였으며, 체류시간이 길어질수록 건조효율은 증가하나 20mm 이상에서는 건조효율이 급격히감소하였다. 이를 바탕으로 5톤/일 규모 슬러지 건조 Pilot Plant를 제작하여 운영하였는데, 염색폐수슬러지의 투입공정에서 슬러지와 열풍의 접촉면적을 넓혀 건조효율을 높이기 위하여 슬러지를 압출노즐을 이용하여 슬라이스 칩 형태로 제조하여 건조공정에 투입하였으며, 건조실 내에서도 건조효율의 상승을 위하여 내부열풍순환팬을 설치하여 운영하였다. Pilot 운영결과, 체류시간 52분에서 슬러지의 함수율은 70%에서 10%이하로 감소하였다.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 1995

방전에 의한 섬유의 표면개질 기술로서, 저온 플라즈마, Sputter Etching 처리에 대해 서술하고 표면개질 효과를 표면장력, ESCA, SEM을 근거로해서 고찰하였다. 더우기 접착성, 염색물의 색채에 미치는 효과에 대해 검토하였다. 섬유의 염색가공에 있어 젖음, 발수, 발유, 접착, 대전방지, 광택, 촉감 등의 표면에 관련하는 기능적 혹은 감각적 특성이 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 섬유재료의 내부(bulk)의 특성을 살리면서 표면특성의 개질에 의해 한층 기능성을 향상시키는 것은 큰 의미를 가지며, 그와 관련한 표면개질 기술의 연구에 관심을 갖게 되었다. 종래에는 오로지 습식법에 의한 화학약품 처리나 그라프트 공중합 등이 많이 이용되어져 왔으나 습식가공법은 공업적으로는, 다량의 물, 유기용제, 색재, 수지, 계면활성제 등을 사용하기 때문에 피처리물의 건조에 필요한 에너지, 배수처리, 유기용제의 회수 등의 문제가 지적되고 있다. 이들 습식계의 문제점을 극복하는 기술로서 최근은 방전처리나 자외선 처리 등의 건식처리가 많이 연구되어 오고 있다.

• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.275-281
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• 2020

The mechanical property related to lap shear strength of the joint structure between carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite and metal (Ni-Cr Alloy) under varying environmental conditions (temperature and humidity) was studied in order to apply to the aircraft fan blade. Room temperature dry (RTD), elevated temperature wet (ETW), and cold temperature dry (CTD) environmental conditions were chosen for investigation based on the flight conditions of aircraft. Lap shear strength tests were conducted according to ASTM Standard D3528 to evaluate the shear strength. The microstructure characteristic of failure zone was analyzed by SEM images to check the adhesive shear strength with the three environmental conditions. In comparison with shear strength for the RTD condition, the shear strength in the ETW condition was reduced by 72.8% while those for the CTD condition increased by 56.5%. The moisture absorption and high temperature in ETW condition strongly had an affect on mechanical property of adhesive, while cold temperature could enhance the adhesive shear strength due to the higher brittleness.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.262-269
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• 2013

This study was carried out in order to examine the germination characteristics of Ligularia fischeri seeds, and it was to develop the more efficient pre-treatment and production system of the seeds. It was performed by two ways - temperature control (10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$) and shading treatment (Full sunlight, 35%, 50%, 75% and 95% of full sunlight). Seed pre-treatment before the each experiment was carried out by temperature (with low temperature and wetting treatment (LTW) for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60days) and shading treatment (with drying at room temperature (DRT), drying at low temperature (DLT) and water soaking (WS) for 2 days). Seeds of L. fischeri were, regardless of seed pre-treatment, germinated well at $10^{\circ}C$ and the more temperature went up, the more germination rate went down. As a result of surveying shading treatment, 75% shading with DRT was the highest germination rate (68.1%) and 95% shading with WS was the lowest germination rate (48.6%). It was showed over-growth under 95% shading treatment experiment and withered in the full sunlight. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, L. fischeri seeds pre-treated with LTW for 15 days germinated well at $10^{\circ}C$ and under 50~75% shading treatment.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 1997

In this study, germination characteristics and effect of some chemicals on germination of Trapa japonica $F_{EROV}$ seeds were investigated to obtain a fundamental data for controlling them. When the seeds were stored at low temperature for at least 3 months, their dormancy was completely released with a germinability of above 90%. However, those stored under the room or high temperature condition were never germinated. Germination was best at constant temperature of around $25^{\circ}C$ or at alternate temperature of 25/$15^{\circ}C$ (12 hr-day/12 hr-night), and was nat dependent on light. They could germinate though planted at the depth of 15 cm, but their initial growth were: suppressed with increase of planting depth, especially above 10 cm depth. Germinability was lost when the fresh weight was decreased more than 30%, indicating that the seed is sensitive to dehydration. The freezing at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr didn't affect germination, but 5 hr treatment completely killed them. Their germination was inhibited by 100% at 100 ppm ABA and slightly inhibited above 25 ppm of butachlor, whereas pyrazosulfuron-ethylnt is likely to control T. japonica physically and herbicide treatment to inhibit germination may not be recommendatory. and bensulfuron-methyl didn't inhibit the germination at the concentration of 100 ppm. Taken together, dehydration treatme is likely to control T. japonica physically and herbicide treatment to inhibit germination may not be recommendatory.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1987

These experiments were conducted to recognize the germination change in relation to storage period, using 25 kinds of field-collected weed seeds stored under the dry and low temperature ($4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$), and to establish a simple germination induction methods in some kinds of them. No or weak dormancy was observed in Lepidium virginicum, Rumex japonicus, Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, Aeschnomene indica and Ludwigia prostrate. The germination of Digltaria sanguinalis, Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus spp., Echinochloa crux-galli, Polygonum persicaria, Cyperus iria, and Aeschynnmene indica was enhanced by $H_2SO_4$ treatment for 20, 2, 2, 50, 40, 3 or 5 minutes, respectively. Favorable germination in Polygonum persicaria and Echinochloa crus-galli was obtained by soaking in water for 25 days and 50 days, respectively. Moisture treatment for 21 days and 14 days caused the enhancement of germination in Cyperus difformis and Aneilema keisak, respectively. Combination of various treatments in Cyperus iria was most effective when the seeds treated with $H_2SO_4$ for 3 minutes incubated in alternating temp. after soaking in 0.2% $KNO_3$, but their effect on Digitaria sanguinnlis was little.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.32-37
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• 2002

In this paper soybean flour to weak heat the soybean pulverizing is a nutritive qualities on the demolition by friction fever. in the soybean moisture and protein albumen, it is get tangled the present of soybean to pulverizing of the hesitate to do difficult. full fat activated soybean flour is the same as lipoxygenase a low temperature by handling to ferment of the not demolition is not method. electron wave the drying soybean with far-infrared to using soybean powder of good powder manufacturing method of development industry a people to health contribution