• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2005.05b
• /
• pp.449-453
• /
• 2005

하천의 물리적 생태적 특성에 대한 연구는 하천유형분류의 기초 자료로서 큰 의미가 있다. 그러나 국내의 경우 이를 위한 하천의 조사는 매우 드물며, 국부적이었다. 더욱이 이러한 생태적 물리적 특성을 근거로 한 하천 유형적 특성을 연구한 사례는 없었다. 본 연구에서는 하천의 유형을 분류하는 것은 아니지만 하천을 더욱 효율적으로 계획하고 관리하는데 필요한 기초자료를 구축하고자 하였다. 그리하여 1차적 연구로 자연환경이 유사한 하천들을 일시에 선정하여 동일한 방법으로 각 하천의 물리적 생태적 특성을 조사하고 평가하여 대상 하천의 공통적 특성을 가려내고자 하였다. 이와 관련하여 본 연구에서는 하천의 물리적 구조조사법을 유럽공동체에서 사용하는 기준과 방법에 따라 시범적으로 실시하여 국내하천의 하천환경조사를 위한 적용성 여부도 진단하고자 하였다. 하천의 물리적 구조등급이란 하천의 공간적 환경과 저수로 하상재료의 물리적 차이를 의미하는 것으로 하천 자체는 물론 하천범람지에 영향을 주는 생태적 기능의 수리 특성, 하천의 물리 특성, 수생태 특성 등을 포괄하게 된다. 따라서 하천의 물리적 구조등급은 하천구조의 생태적 질과 하천구조로 나타나게 되는 동적 과정(dynamic process)의 질을 평가하는 척도가 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 남한강수계의 청미천, 양화천, 복하천을 대상으로 물리적 구조조사법과 식생조사를 병행하였으며 이로부터 하천의 물리적 구조등급이 수질등급과 정량적이지는 않지만 전반적인 하천의 생태성 또는 자연도를 가늠할 수 있는 하나의 지료로 활용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.양토를 기준으로 할 때 강우량과 침투수의 관계는 $I_{10}(mm)=0.44R(mm)+5.8(r^2=0.55)$이었다. y절이 발생한 이유는 이전 강우에 의해 침투되고 있는 물이 있음을 함축하며 기울기 0.40은 강우의 $40\%$가 지하로 침투하였음을 의미한다. 침투수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 1.12로 가장 컸고, 식양토 0.94, 식토 0.91로 평가되었다. 이는 토성간의 침투속도 및 투수속도의 경향이 반영된 것이다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 지수적으로 감소하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $I(mm)=I_{10}{\times}1.17{\times}e^{-0.0164s(\%)}$로 나타났다. 같은 조건에서 강우량과 유거수의 관계는 $Ro_{10}(mm)=5.32e^{0.11R(mm)}(r^2=0.69)$로 나타났다. 이는 토양의 투수특성에 따라 강우량 증가에 비례하여 점증하는 침투수와 구분되는 현상이었다. 경사와 토양이 같은 조건에서 나지의 경우 역시 $Ro_{B10}(mm)=20.3e^{0.08R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.46 no.11
• /
• pp.1069-1078
• /
• 2013

The Bangudae Petroglyphs, national treasure No. 285 is located within submerged upper districts of Sayeon dam supplying the main residential water in Ulsan. Of the many ways for the reservation of Petroglyphs located the altitude at 53~57 m, the plan that we take it out of the water lowering the water level from 60 m to 52 m has been examined mainly in case of controlling artificially the water level of the dam. In this paper, we examined expected problems from the loss of dam function and the change of water quality from water deterioration caused by the water level control of the Sayeon dam. Using the model of Vollenweider and CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor), we analyzed the density change of BOD and COD, representative water quality index and the TP and TN, the main reason of algae growth. The result showed that the density of COD lowered a little but the density of TP and TN went up over 130% when controlling the water level from 60 m to 52 m. These changes cause a serious algae problem and if doing the water quality management as the density of TN and TP, the water quality would become worse. Water storage and supply residential water decreases, and the water quality becomes worse because of eutrophic state.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.44-58
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential water condition of Honam region according to water budget analysis. For this purpose, the eight regions (Suncheon, Gwangju, Jhangheung, Damyang, Mokpo, Yosu, Huksando, Namwon) are selected as study area. The result is as follows. (1) The water surplus indicating the potential water condition is ordered as Yosu, Sunchon, Changhung, Namwon, Damyang, Huksando, Kwangju, Mokpo. So the potential water condition of Kwangju and Mokpo is worst among study regions. (2) The high water surplus region is corresponded to high precipitation and low actual evapotranspiration legions. (3) The potential water condition is to agree with several facts about the water resource condition of Honam region. For example, large scale dam of Honam region has been constructed for Kwangju and Mokpo city. This fact indicates that the potential water condition calculated by water budget analysis is corresponded to actual water resource condition. (4) Consequently, the water budget analysis is effective method for investigating the actual water condition and establishing the water resource management of specific regions.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.156-166
• /
• 2022

Understanding the characteristics of reservoir water quality is fundamental in reservoir ecosystem management. The water quality of reservoirs is affected by various factors including hydro-morphology of reservoirs, land use/cover, and human activities in their catchments. In this study, we classified 83 major reservoirs in South Korea based on nine physicochemical factors (pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solid, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, electric conductivity, and chlorophyll-a) measured for five years (2015~2019). Study reservoirs were classified into five main clusters through hierarchical cluster analysis. Each cluster reflected differences in the water quality of reservoirs as well as hydromorphological variables such as elevation, catchment area, full water level, and full storage. In particular, water quality condition was low at a low elevation with large reservoirs representing cluster I. In the comparison of eutrophication status in major reservoirs in South Korea using the Korean trophic state index, in some reservoirs including cluster IV composed of lagoons, the eutrophication was improved compared to 2004~2008. However, eutrophication status has been more impaired in most agricultural reservoirs in clusters I, III, and V than past. Therefore, more attention is needed to improve the water quality of these reservoirs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.39 no.9
• /
• pp.495-504
• /
• 2017

An amphibious scrubbing/suction dredging machine with cylindrical rotating brush, housing, and turbidity barrier was newly-developed to remove both sediments with about 10 cm thickness and periphyton attached on various structures in urban water-circulating systems through the scrubbing, suction, and dredging processes. Based on the field application and long-term monitoring, the increase in both suspended solids (SS) and turbidity of water during the scrubbing, suction, and dredging processes was negligible (p>0.05). In some cases, the turbidity of water initially increased, however, the turbidity was stabilized within 20 minutes from the start of dredging processes. The concentration changes in TN and TP of water were not statistically different (p>0.05) before and after the scrubbing, suction, and dredging processes, indicating that benthic nutrients released from sediments were not significantly diffused, and were not supposed to cause significant water pollution. Also, water treatment facilities along with an amphibious scrubbing/suction dredging machine could be more effective since the removal of contaminant loadings through the scrubbing, suction, and dredging processes was much greater than that through simple coagulation/precipitation processes. Finally, GPS-based realtime tracking and operation program have been developed and applied in various urban water-circulating systems, and development of driver cooperative autonomous driving system is in progress to eliminate the need for manual driving of an amphibious scrubbing/suction dredging machine.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.1-25
• /
• 2022

The aquaculture industry has developed rapidly over the last three decades and is an important industry that supplies over 15% of humans' animal protein intake; therefore, there is a need to increase production to meet the continuous demand. The fish cage farms on the southern coast (Kyengsangnam-do and Jeollanam-do) of Korea are critical resources in aquaculture because they account for approximately 90% of the national total fish cage farms by water area ratio. However, the current aquaculture environment is being gradually affected by climate change, which is a global issue, and its effects are expected to intensify in the future. Therefore, it is urgently imperative to accurately evaluate the effects of climate change on South Korean aquaculture industries and to develop social and national strategies to minimize damage to the fishing industry. The damage to fish farmed in cage farms on the southern coast is increasing annually and the leading causes are high and low water temperature and red tides, which are directly or indirectly related to climate change. At present, global warming can provide opportunities for aquaculture industrialization of fish or other novel species, with economic implications. However, despite such opportunities, the influx of new species can also cause problems such as ecological disturbances, increase in the reproduction frequency of microalgae such as red tide, increase in disease incidence, and occurrence and periods of high water temperatures in summer. The scale of farmed fish mortality is increasing due to the complex effects of these factors. Increased damages due to fish mortality not only have severe economic impacts on the aquaculture industry, but the social costs of responding to the damage and follow-up measures also increase. various active responses can reduce the mortality damage in fish farms such as improving the management skills in aquaculture, improved species breeding, efficient food management, disease prevention, proactive responses, and system-wide improvements. This review article analyzes the large-scale mortality cases occurring in fish cage farms on the southern coast of Korea and proposes measures to mitigate mortality and enhance responses to such scenarios.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.33 no.1 s.89
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2000

In order to understand the trend and assessment of water pollution, seasonal water quality was determined in the main river and the tributaries from midstream to downstream of the Kum River from March 1998 to June 1999. Among environmental factors, the variation of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a was distinctive on an aspect of increase and decrease relatively to others, and particularly the impact of inorganic N ${\cdot}$ P inflowing into the main river was observed to be more significant at the Kapchon, Mihochon and Soksongchon among the tributaries. Water quality was highly related to hydrologic factor, and it was more deteriorated when water discharge maintains for a long time below normal flow or relatively at low condition of minimum and drought flow. These phenomena were remarkablee from December to March of the next year. $NH_4$ and SRP were decreased dramatically flowing toward the lower part of the river and chl-a was increased exponentially. While, the variations of $NO_3$ and $BOD_5$ were regular from midstream to downstream and there was no significant difference between the stations. Limiting nutrient for Phytoplankton growth seemed to be P than N because the ratio of TN/TP or DIN/SRP was relatively high as 42 or 544 in the main river, respectively. The main river and tributaries were ranked to be third grade, based on the assessment of BOD as an indirect indicator of organics, but particularly Kapchon was ranked to be over fifth grade. In addition, the inflow of high N ${\cdot}$ P nutrients from tributaries including Kapchon and Mihochon seemed to be major factor of the development of water pollution of the Kum River. On the other hand, persistent bloom of phytoplankton in lower part of the river was observed. As a conclusion, management of water quality for main source of pollution is urgent.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.38 no.5_3
• /
• pp.925-938
• /
• 2022

Agricultural reservoirs are an important water resource nationwide and vulnerable to abnormal climate effects such as drought caused by climate change. Therefore, it is required enhanced management for appropriate operation. Although water-level tracking is necessary through continuous monitoring, it is challenging to measure and observe on-site due to practical problems. This study presents an objective comparison between multiple AI models for water-body extraction using radar images that have the advantages of wide coverage, and frequent revisit time. The proposed methods in this study used Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, and unlike common methods of water extraction based on optical images, they are suitable for long-term monitoring because they are less affected by the weather conditions. We built four AI models such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) using drone images, sentinel-1 SAR and DSM data. There are total of 22 reservoirs of less than 1 million tons for the study, including small and medium-sized reservoirs with an effective storage capacity of less than 300,000 tons. 45 images from 22 reservoirs were used for model training and verification, and the results show that the AutoML model was 0.01 to 0.03 better in the water Intersection over Union (IoU) than the other three models, with Accuracy=0.92 and mIoU=0.81 in a test. As the result, AutoML performed as well as the classical machine learning methods and it is expected that the applicability of the water-body extraction technique by AutoML to monitor reservoirs automatically.