• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 2000

From Jan. 1998, 28 young children patients with complete amputations at zone I or II were replanted using a microscopic technique. Children's average age was 4.5 years and the amputation levels were zone I in 12 cases and zone II in 16 cases. Overall survival rate was 57%(16 cases). In children, the advantages of the replantation for distal digital amputations are nearly normal length, good soft tissue coverage with nail and cosmetically high patient satisfaction but surgical technical difficulties are much greater than in adults.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 1998

From march 1993 to march 1998, twenty consecutive transmetacarpal replantations and revascularizations were reviewed retrospectively. Nine patients sustained severe and diffuse crush injuries, four patients had local crush injuries, and seven suffered guillotine type amputation. Six replantations and fourteen revascularizations were performed. 76 of 81 replantable digits(93%) were salvaged. 15 patients required secondary surgery, 10 patients for tendon and joint scarring and 5 for nonunions or malunions. Intrinsic muscle function and pinch and grip strengths were weak or absent. According to Chen's grading system of functional return, 2(10%) were grade I, 6(30%) were grade II, 10(50%) were grade III, and 2(10%) grade IV. The follow-up period ranged from 6months to 46 months. Only 3 patients resumed his prior occupation(one as a supervisor); 2 were permanently disabled, 4 pursued new occupations as a manual worker, 1 were still in therapy. Only two of the manual laborers were able to return to their preinjury occupation. Despite these unacceptable functional results, all patients were satisfied with the surgery.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 1994

본 연세대학교 의과대학 정형외과학교실에서는 1982년에서 1989년 사이에 모두 160건의 미세수술기법을 이용한 하지 재건술을 시행하였다. 이들중 남자가 96건, 여자가 64건이었으며 이들의 평균연령은 23.8세이고, 약 21.4개월의 치유 관찰기간을 두었다. 원인으로는 교통사고가 118건, 종양이 18건, 작업장손상이 12건, 화상 5건, 폭발사고가 2건이며 기타 9건이었다. 이중 견갑피판이식이 55건, 서혜부피판이식이 35건, 유리 혈관부착 골피판이식이 23건, 견갑피판이식이 18건, 견갑부 및 광배근 복합피판이 9건, 분절절제술 및 회전재접합술이 8건이었다. 모두 134건에서 성공적인 치유를 경험하였으며, 기능 및 외관에서 모두 좋은 성적을 거두었다. 유리 혈관부착 골피판을 이용한 미세수술적 하지재건술을 광범위한 골결손과 손상 신경재건 및 여러차례의 재건술이 필요한 경우에 좋은 적응증이 되며 이러한 미세수술적 하지재건술은 광범위한 골결손과 손상신경재건 및 여러차례의 재건술이 필요한 경우에 좋은 적응증이 되며 이러한 점에서 상기기법으로 한번의 재건술이라는 장점을 지닌다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to introduce rotation-plasty procedure and prosthetic ambulation training. The recent development of chemotherapy and diagnostic facility have permitted the orthopaedic surgeons to try limb saving procedures rather than amputations for the treatment of the malignant bone tumors. If the tumors around the knee joint were treated by mid-thigh amputation or hip disarticulation, it would impose the client with a great handicap for rehabilitation. Rotation-plasty procedure was first done by Borggreve, in 1930 for the congenital short femur. Recently this procedure was used a malignant bone tumor at the distal femur by Kotz and Salzer in 1982. In spite of its cosmetic problem of the distal stump, this procedure has the great functional advantage of converting the above-knee amputation to the below-knee amputation. The inverted foot was also good to control the prosthesis as a below-knee stump and heel functioned as a patella to support the body weight. This 15 years old girl case was had rotation-plasty due to osteosarcoma of the distal femur with 3rd postoperative chemotherapy, and admitted to Yonsei rehabilitation hospital for prosthetic ambulation training. Then, the case had excellent functional results of prosthetic ambulation training with rotaion-plasty after 3 months.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2001

Failure of replantation is inevitable in finger replantation surgery, around 10% of failure rate are reported in many authors. Management of the failed finger replantation is one of big dilemma to microsurgeons. We report 5 cases of thumb reconstruction after failure of replantation. The reconstructive surgery composed with early debridement of soft tissue that are under gangrenous processing, extract the phalangeal bone without any soft tissues. Osteosynthesis of the extracted phalangeal bone with host phalangeal bone. The exposed bony portion covered with vascularized flaps such as revered radial forearm pedicled flap, free radial forearm flap and neurovascular island finger flap. This procedure underwent within a week after vascular insufficiency developed. All of the flaps are survived, bone union achieved within 3 months. The function and external appearance of the reconstructed thumb were encouraging; Pinch Power was average 1.2 Pounds. Early removal of necrotizing soft tissue followed by covering none vascular phalangeal bone which extracted from the dead phalanx with vascularized flap is one of the useful alterative solutions in failed replantation surgery in hand.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.208-211
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• 1998

반사성 교감신경 위축증은 과도하며 지속적인 통증, 혈관운동성 및 그 밖의 자율성 장애, 기능회복의 지연과 이영양성 변화를 특징으로 하는 중요한 임상양상이다. 이 증후군은 임상에서 자주 마주치는 문제중 하나일뿐더러 정확한 진단과 치료가 결정적이기 때문에 중요하다. 유발인자는 사고나 수술, 또는 다양한 질환이 될 수 있다. 정확한 진단과 치료는 증상의 빠른 소실과 완전한 회복을 기대할 수 있다. 56세 남자환자로 1996년 5월 좌측 제2수지 원위관절부 완전절단상을 입었고, 고대부속병원 재건성형외과에서 응급으로 재접합술을 시행받았다. 그 후, 좌측 제 2수지의 경감되지 않는 지속적인 통증과 좌측상지 근위부로 퍼져가는 통증 및 좌측 견갑부 운동장애를 호소해 왔다. 많은 치료법이 사용되었지만 효과적이지는 못하였다. 그리하여 좌측 흉부 교감신경절제술을 본 과에서 시행하였다. 이 후 성공적으로 통증이 완화되었고, 견갑부 운동상태도 향상되었기에 문헌고찰과 함께보고하는 바이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.644-649
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• 2010

Purpose: As the mean life expectancy of people has been prolonged, and the elderly people who participate in the production activities has been increasing, it is expected that the demand on the replantation of amputated digits in elderly patients would increase. But, there are few studies about the replantation of amputated digits in elderly patients. Therefore, we report treatment outcomes of replantation of amputated digits in elderly patients. Methods: From 1998 to 2008, the replantation was performed in 51 completely amputated digits of 33 patients aged 60 years or older. We performed the replantation in the usual manner. Under the brachial plexus block, the surgical procedures carried out in the following sequence: internal fixation using Kirschner wire, tenorrhaphy, arteriorrhaphy, neurorrhaphy and venorrhaphy. If the arterial ends could not be approximated without tension, a vein graft was performed. Results: Of a total of 51 digits, 46 digits (90%) survived. 13 patients (40%) had underlying medical problem preoperatively. But, in all the patients, there were no postoperative medical complications. As the postoperative surgical complications, excluding five cases of the total necrosis of digit, there were three cases of venous congestion, two cases of arterial insufficiency, seven cases of infection and 16 cases of partial necrosis. Conclusion: Age alone does not affect the survival of replanted digits. Type of injury is the most important factor that affects the survival of replanted digits.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2006

We retrospectively evaluated our results of replantations of distal digital amputations and analyzed the factors deterrent to the survival of replanted digits. From January 2004 to 2005 June, we performed 101 cases of replantations following complete amputations at or distal to interphalangeal joint level. The study included 98 patients with a mean age of 35.6 years (range 1 to 63 years). Amputation level correlated to zone I (distal to the lunula)in 47 cases and zone II (lunula to distal interphalangeal joint) in 54 cases according to Yamano's classification. According to the mechanism of amputation, 24 cases (22.9%) suffered from guillotine type injury, 27 cases (27.1 %) from avulsion type injury and 50 cases (50%) from crush type injury. In all cases, a single arterial anastomosis was performed. Venous anastomosis on either volar or dorsal side was performed in 12 cases of amputation in zone II. Salvage procedure for venous drainage was performed in 98 cases. The mean duration of salvage procedures was 5.9 days (ranging from 4 to 14 days). Successful replantation was achieved in 96 cases (95.1%), which included 93.7% cases in zone I amputations and 96.3% cases in zone II amputations. A single venous anastomosis was performed in 12 cases of amputation in zone II. All of them survived completely. Among the 5 cases that failed to survive, 3 cases were related with avulsion injury in zone I. Initial mechanism of injury determines the survival rate of amputated parts as it is directly related with the status of vessels and soft tissues. Meticulous precaution during the salvage procedure may affect the overall survival rate of distal digital replantations.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intermittent bleeding method in the distal phalanx replantation. Materials and Methods: From January 2007 through June 2009, authors have replanted 117 cases of distal phalangeal amputation in adults at Soo Hospital and Chonbuk National University Hospital. Cases of zone II were 60 cases and zone III 57 according to Allen classification. Male to female ratio was 8.7:1.3. The most common cause was machinery injury in the factory, 98 cases(83.8%), next one was belt injury of the machine, 11 cases(9.4%) and others, 8(6.8%). At least one digital artery and digital nerve were anastomosed under the operating microscope, but vein was impossible to anastomosis as unable to find out in the zone II and III. After anastomosis of one or more digital arteries and nerves, heparine(6,000-10,000 units) was kept to intravenous injection for 24 hours and at the same time fish mouth incision in 2-3 millimeter diameter was made in the distal radial and ulnar margin of the replanted distal phanlanx. From the first 30 minutes to an hour after replantation, incision site was swabbed with heparinized cotton ball for 5 minutes in every 30 to 40 minutes to make sure perfusion for 24 hours, every an hour at the second day, every two hours at the postoperative third to fifth day. Results: 92 cases(78.6%) was completely survived at average postoperative third week follow-up and satisfied with preservation of the finger nail, digit length, good range of motion of the distal interphalangeal joint and acceptable sensibility at average 1.2 years follow-up. Conclusions: Intermittant bleeding method in replantation of crushed distal phalanx impossible to anastomosis of vein at zone II and III of Allen classification was regarded as one of the notable salvage procedure.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2005

In the microsurgical era, replantation with microvascular anastomosis is considered as the most superior method in aspects of texture, color, shape in case of nose amputation. There are some reported cases of replantation in nose amputation historically, but most of them are composite graft cases rather than microvascular anastomosis. Only a few cases of successful nasal replantation with microvascular anastomosis have been reported due to the reason that the size of vessels is usually very small and identifying suitable vessels for anastomosis is difficult. Microanastomosis of artery and microanastomosis of vein are ideal in replantation, but identifying suitable veins is often difficult. Without venous anastomosis, resolving the venous congestion remains to be a problem. We can carry out arteriovenous shunt if we can find two arteries in amputee. However, the smaller the size of amputee is, the more difficult it is to find two arteries. Instead of arteriovenous shunt, we can try external venous drainage(frequently swab, pin-prick, stab incision, IV or local heparin injection, dropping, apply of heparin-soaked gauze, use of medical leech). Here, we present three cases of replantation with microscopical arterial anastomosis (one angular artery, two dorsal nasal arteries) and external venous drainage (stab incision, application of medical leech and heparin-soaked gauze) even though the size of amputee may be as small as $1.5{\times}1.0cm$. In all cases, surgical outcomes were excellent in cosmetic and functional aspects. This report describes successful replantation by microvasular anastomosis in case that suitable veins are not found.