• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.439-442
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• 2004

Background : Extubation failure and reintubation increase the morbidity and the mortality rate. Several extubation criteria and risk factors for extubation failure have been recommended. However, some patients present with extubation failure even after a planned extubation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with extubation failure after a planned extubation. Methods : Thirty one patients who presented with planned extubation were included. Extubation failure was defined as reintubation within 48 hours after extubation. The clinical, respiratory and hemodynamic parameters between extubation success and failure group were compared. Results : Six patients were included in the failure group. The extubation failure rate was 19.4%. The age, periods of intubation and heart rates were significantly different between the extubation success and failure group. In the success and failure group, the mean age were $60.4{\pm}15.65$ vs. $80.3{\pm}7.17$ year, the intubation periods were $7.12{\pm}2.47$ vs. $13.83{\pm}2.4$ day and the heart rates were $94.32{\pm}5.77$ vs. $110.67{\pm}3.78/min$, respectively. Conclusion : Old age and patients intubated for periods will require a will careful assessment before extubation. Extensive cardiac evaluations before extubation will also be needed.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.105-117
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• 2014

The Ogcheon and Joseon Supergroups are distributed in the Bonghwajae area, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea which is located in the northeastern fore-end of the Ogcheon Metamorphic Zone. This paper researched the geological structures based on the geometric and kinematic characteristics and the forming sequence of the major multi-deformed rock and microstructures. Most of regional foliations are not the S0 bedding but the S0-1 composite foliations defined by the preferred orientation of stretching minerals, some are recognized as the S0-1-2 composite foliations by the preferred orientation of insoluble opaque minerals and cleavage lamella. The geological structures were formed at least by three phases of deformations i.e. NNE-SSW trending D1, E-W trending D2, N-S trending D3 compressions. The S0-1 composite foliation, which shows a similar zone-distribution trend of the constitution strata of the Ogcheon and Joseon Supergroups, trended WNW before D2 deformation, but it was reoriented into N-S which was parallel to the trend of S2 foliation by D2 deformation, and it was rearranged into NW, NE, N-S trends as it is now by D3 deformation. The structural characteristics of each deformation phase and the deformation history are very similar to those in the eastern domain of Busan area into which the Ogcheon and Joseon Supergroups in this area are extended as NNW trend. It is expected to be very valuable data in interpreting the tectonic evolution of the northeastern fore-end of the Ogcheon Metamorphic Zone.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.479-485
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• 1986

A 5200 basepair DNA fragment containing the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amyE gene, encoding liquefying $\alpha$-amylase (1,4-$\alpha$-1)-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1), has been inserted into BamHI site of the pUB110 and the hybrid plasmid was designated as pSKS3. The pSKS3 was transformed into the Bacillus subtilis KM2l3 as a host which is a saccharifying $\alpha$-amylase deficient mutant of Bacillus subtilis NA64, and the plasmid in the transformed cell was expressed $\alpha$-amylase production and kanamycin resistance. The $\alpha$-amylase production of the transformed cell was reduced to one fifth of that of the donor strain. The Bacillus subtilis KM2l3 tarring pSKS3 indicated that the amyE gene product is a polypeptide which has the same electrophoretic mobility with that of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, but different from the saccharifying $\alpha$-amylase of Bacillus subtilis NA64. It means that the amyE gene of pSKS3 originales from the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2020

Purpose: To examine the clinical and structural outcomes of an at least two-year follow-up of arthroscopic full-thickness rotator cuff repairs with a single-row or suture-bridge technique in patients more than 65 years of age. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear who were more than 65 years of age, underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair after at least six months of conservative treatment, agreed to take a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) six months postoperatively, and visited outpatient for at least two years were enrolled in this study. Clinical evaluations were done using The University of California Los Angeles score, Constant Shoulder Score, and visual analogue scale evaluated two years after the surgery. The structural integrity was analyzed using follow-up MRI. During surgery, a suture-bridge technique was used if the rotator cuff tendon could cover half of the footprint under constant tension. Otherwise, single-row repair was performed. Results: The samples were 158 cases, consisting of 93 single-repairs and 65 suture-bridge repairs. A preoperative comparison of the age distribution, fatty degeneration of supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle, medial retraction of torn cuff tendon, and tear size between the two groups were not significant. The clinical scores were improved significantly in all cases. The distribution of the structural integrity by Sugaya classification were 49 cases in type 1 (31.0%), 62 cases in type 2 (39.2%), 30 cases in type 3 (19.0%), 11 cases in type 4 (7.0%), and six cases in type 5 (3.8%). The re-tear rate of the single-row group was 9.7% (nine out of 93 cases) and 12.3% (eight out of 65 cases) for the suture-bridge group. Conclusion: Satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes were achieved after arthroscopic full-thickness rotator cuff repair in patients more than 65 years of age. Both single-row and suture-bridge techniques would be beneficial for the elderly.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2005

본 연구는 이식 후 남은 잉여의 포배기 배아를 두 번의 냉동과 융해 과정을 반복적으로 실시한 후 이식한 결과에 관한 보고이다. 사람 포배기 배아의 동결보존에서 높은 생존율과 성공적인 임신율이 보고되고 있으나 미성숙 난자로부터 발달한 포배기 배아에 두 번의 초급속 냉동 방법을 실시한 후 이식한 보고는 되어 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다낭성 난소 증후군 환자에게서 얻은 미성숙 난자로부터 발달한 포배기 배아를 artificial shrinkage 후 초급속 냉동함으로써 생존율을 높이는 방법을 이용하여 재냉동 이식하였을 때 임신에 성공한 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 29세의 환자로부터 채취한 55개의 미성숙 난자들(germinal vesicle stage oocytes)을 체외배양 하여 성숙한 37개의 난자들로부터 30개의 수정란을 얻을 수 있었다. 12개의 배아가 포배기 배아까지 발달하였으며 이 중 3개의 양질의 포배기 배아를 선별하여 이식하였고, 이식을 한 후에 남은 9개의 포배기 배아들은 artificial shrinkage의 과정을 마친 후에 초급속 냉동 방법을 이용하여 동결보존 하였다. 그 중, 4개의 포배기 배아들을 융해한 후 이식을 하지 않고 다시 재냉동을 하여 보관하였고 이 후 재냉동 되었던 4개의 포배기 배아들을 다시 융해 하여 이식을 한 결과 임신이 되어 건강한 남아를 분만하였다. 이로써 미성숙 난자로부터 얻은 포배기 배아가 두 번의 냉동과 융해의 과정을 통해 크게 손상을 입지 않고 생존할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 융해이식 후 남은 잉여의 포배기 배아를 다시 냉동 보관하여 다음 주기에 이용함으로써 축적된 임신율을 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.559-565
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• 2017

A UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle) requires higher reliability for external effects such as electromagnetic interference because a UAV is operated by pre-designed programs that are not under human control. The design of a small UAV with a complete resistance against the external effects, however, is difficult because of its weight and size limitation. In this circumstance, a conventional small UAV dropped to the ground when an external effect caused the rebooting of the flight-control computer(FCC); therefore, this paper presents a novel algorithm for the improvement of the flight safety of a small UAV. The proposed algorithm consists of three steps. The first step comprises the calibration of the navigation equipment and validation of the calibrated data. The second step is the storage of the calibration data from the UAV take-off. The third step is the restoration of the calibration data when the UAV is in flight and FCC has been rebooted. The experiment results show that the flight-control system can be safely operated upon the rebooting of the FCC.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.89-97
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine service quality elements in China Bank Industry and influence on service value, customer satisfaction and reuse intention. This study is composed one parallel comparison of documentary and evidential researches. To verify research model, the survey about medical institution and hospital services were conducted in Daqing of Heilongjiang Province, in China. Collected data was analyzed and the results are introduced in this paper. The findings ar as followed. This study has modified three-dimensional model of service quality: "interaction quality", "outcome quality" and "physical environment quality". Research was focused on investigating the direct effect of every service quality dimension on customer satisfaction. But "outcome quality "has only direct effect on service value, "interaction quality" and "physical environment quality" have not direct effect on service value in this study. Service value has direct effect on customer satisfaction and reuse intention. And customer satisfaction was the significant mediating role in the relationship of the service value and reuse intention.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.2-13
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• 1994

PHA 생합성에 관련된 기초 연구도 미생물학, 생화학, 그리고 분자생물학 각도에서 활발히 수행되어, 신규 PHA 생합성 미생물의 탐색, 대사경로 및 조절 mechanism의 규명, 그리고 물성이 개량된 각종 PHA 공중합체의 개발 연구가 활발히 이루어졌다. 특히 최근에는 recombinant DNA 기술을 이용한 각종 미생물 유래의 PHA 생합성 관련 유전자의 분리와 그 기능에 관한 연구가 활발히 수행되고 있고, 1988년 A. eutrophus의 PHB 생합성 관련 세개의 효소를 coding하는 유전자가 독일의 Steinbchel등(5), 미국의 Dennis 등(6), 그리고 Sinskey등(7,8)에 의해 거의 동시에 cloning되었으며, 이를 이용한 대사 경로 및 조절 기작에 관한 연구가 본격화 되었다. 또한 최근에는 재조합 균주를 이용한 PHA의 생산에 관한 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 이와 같은 최근의 연구 성과는 몇 편의 총설(9-12)에 잘 요약되어 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.15-20
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• 1998

전산유체역학 기법을 이용하여 석탄가스화기 내화재내에서의 온도분포 해석 및 열손실량 계산을 수행하였다. 일차원 이론적 해석, 이차원 전도열전달 해석 및 삼차원 대류-전도 복합열전달 해석 등 세 가지 방법론으로 전산해석을 수행하고 그 결과들을 서로 비교하였으며, 또한 해석결과들을 석탄가스화기 실험결과와 비교하였다. 결과의 정확성, 수치해석상의 편리성(수렴성 및 계산시간) 등을 종합적으로 검토하여, 이차원 전도열전달 해석이 공학적 설계에 적용하기 적절한 방법론임을 제시하였다. 전산해석 결과를 3톤/일급 석탄가스화기에 적용해 본 결과, 총 열손실량은 설계치 운전기준으로 약 1% 정도인 것으로 판별되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.7-12
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• 2003

각광을 받고 있는 광통신 분야의 핵심부품인 페룰은 일본이 전 세계의 95%를 장악하고 있다. 국내에서도 일부 업체에서 양산을 하고 있으나, 핵심 연삭공정에 사용되는 연삭 가공장비는 전량 수입되고 있는 실정이다. 페룰은 0.1∼0.3$\mu\textrm{m}$의 동심도, ${\pm}$ 0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$의 외경치수, 0.1$\mu\textrm{m}$대의 진원도와 원통도, 10nm의 표면 거칠기를 구현해야 세계적 경쟁력을 갖출 수 있는 초미세, 초정밀 기계가공 부품이다.(중략)