• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.71.2-71.2
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• 2011

300MW 급 태안 IGCC 가스화 플랜트 및 기존 발전소에 CCS 를 설치할 경우에 대해 기술 타당성 검증을 목적으로 CCS 모델링을 수행하였다. CCS Case Studies 는 플랜트 운전부하에 따른 $CO_2$ 제거율, $H_2S$ 제거율, 소모동력 범위 등 플랜트 성능을 예측할 수 있다. Case Studies 결과를 활용하여 설계된 CCS 설비 용량이 운전범위에 적합한지를 판단할 수 있고 과잉 설계되었을 경우 플랜트 건설비를 절감할 수 있다. IGCC 가스화 플랜트에서 생산되는 합성가스의 $CO_2$ 분압, 목표 $CO_2$ 제거율, 경제성을 기준으로 적합한 CCS 공정을 판단한 결과 Selexol 공정이 선정되었다. Selexol 공정은 고압, 고농도의 산성가스 제거에 적합하며 다른 물리적 용매인 Rectisol 공정에 비해 건설비용이 경제적이고 화학 흡수제인 아민과 비교하여 운전 온도 범위가 넓다. CO, $H_2O$ 를 $CO_2$, $H_2$ 로 전환하는 Water Gas Shift Reaction (WGSR) 공정은 Co/Mo 촉매 반응기로 구성되었고 Selexol 공정은 $H_2S$ Absorber, $H_2S$ Stripper, $CO_2$ Absorber, $CO_2$ Flash Drum 로 구성되었다. WGSR+Selexol 모델링은 Wet Scrubber 후단의 합성가스 (40.5 bar, $136{\sim}139^{\circ}C$) 를 대상으로 하였다. WGSR+Selexol 공정 운전 조건 변화 [Process Design Case(PDC), Equipment Design Case(EDC), Turndown Design Case(TDC)] 에 따른 플랜트 모델링 결과를 비교분석 하였다. 주요 분석 내용은 WGSR 설비에서의 CO 의 $CO_2$ 전환 효율, Selexol 설비에서 $CO_2$ 제거 효율, $H_2S$ 제거 효율이다. 모델링 결과 WGSR 설비에서의 CO 의 $CO_2$ 로의 전환율 99.1% 이상, Selexol 설비에서 $CO_2$ 제거율은 91.6% 이상, $H_2S$ 제거율 100%이었다. CCS 설비 설치에 따른 플랜트 성능 영향을 분석하기 위해서 CCS 설비의 Chiller, Compressor, Pump 소비동력을 계산하였다. 모델링 결과 Chiller 는 2.6~8.5 MWth, Compressor 는 3.0~9.6 MWe, Pump 는 1.4~3.0 MWe 범위 이었다. 플랜트 로드가 50%인 TDC 소모동력은 플랜트 로드가 100%인 PDC 소모동력의 절반 수준이었다. 합성가스를 WGS+Selexol 공정을 통해 수소가스로 전환시키면 가스터빈 연료가스의 Lower Heating Value (LHV) 값이 평균 11.5% 감소하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2015

This paper presents a new framework for design and economic evaluation of wind energy-based electricity supply system. We propose a network optimization (mixed-integer linear programming) model to design the underlying energy supply system. In this model we include practical constraints such as land limitations of onshore wind farms and different costs of offshore wind farms to minimize the total annual cost. Based upon the model, we also analyze the sensitivity of the total annual cost on the change of key parameters such as available land for offshore wind farms, required area of a wind turbine and the unit price of wind turbines. We illustrate the applicability of the suggested model by applying to the problem of design of a wind turbines-based electricity supply problem in Jeju. As a result of this study, we identified the major cost-drivers and the regional cost distribution of the proposed system. We also comparatively analyzed the economic performance of on/off shore wind farms in wind energy-based electricity supply system of Jeju.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2014

Acrylic acid is a commodity chemical which is applicable for various industries such as polymer and textile industry. Currently, it has been produced by chemical synthesis from petroleum. However, due to the high price of petroleum and global $CO_2$ emission, renewable materials such as sugar are interesting alternative carbon sources for the biological production of acrylic acid. For an economic production of acrylic acid from renewable carbon sources, a cost effective separation process for acrylic acid should be needed. In this study, reactive extraction by TOA (tri-n-octylamine) was used for the recovery of acrylic acid from its aqueous solutions. The effects of polarity of diluents and concentration of TOA on extraction equilibrium were investigated. The extraction efficiency was proportional to concentration of TOA and polarity of diluents and its value was more than 95% in the case of sufficient concentration of TOA. From IR spectroscopy, it was concluded that the ratio of (1,1) acid-amine complex was increased and the ratio of acid dimer was decreased with concentration of TOA. Equilibrium model based on IR spectroscopy was well fitted with experimental data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.229-235
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• 2019

A floating photovoltaic generation system is a new concept that combines existing photovoltaic generation technology with floating technology. This is installed in the water not on conventional land and a building. The system is designed as a unit module type that can be connected to other modules according to the power generation capacity, thereby forming a large-scale power generation facility. As a renewable energy source, it is composed of a floating structure, mooring device, photovoltaic power generation facility, and underwater cable. Because this system is installed outdoors, the effect of the wind load on the structure is very large. In this study, the wind loads most affected on the floating photovoltaic generation structure were obtained by computational fluid dynamic analysis. The flow characteristics and wind loads were analyzed for a range of wind orientations and angles of inclination. The analysis showed the position and magnitude of the maximum wind load to the wind direction and the flow characteristics around the solar panel and floating system. The wind load increased with increasing angle of inclination of the panel to the ground.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2023

As problems such as difficulties in securing stable energy resources and global warming due to the emission of greenhouse gases due to the use of fossil fuels have emerged, interest in the development of renewable energy is increasing. Since the tidal phenomenon has a regularity that occurs regularly with a certain period, it is possible to predict accurately in advance, which has a advantage in terms of energy recovery. Therefore, various methods have been devised to utilize the tide as an energy source. Tidal power using barrages is a representative method that is widely operated, but the promotion of tidal power generation projects is being delayed or stopped due to the decrease in the level of water in the tidal basin, changes in water quality and in the ecosystem. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to develop and verify the performance of a tidal power device applicable to sea areas where dykes are already installed. As a result of carrying out four cases of experiments using two water tanks, pipe lines, open channels, weirs, and water turbine and generator, the possibility of developing a power generation system capable of 10 kW output or more and 60% efficiency or more was confirmed. These research results can be used for small-scale tidal power by utilizing the existing dykes.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2024

As the demand for reducing carbon emissions increases, efforts to reduce the usage of fossil fuels and research on renewable energy are also increasing. Among the various renewable energy harvesting techniques, the floating offshore wind turbine has several advantages. Compared to other technologies, it has fewer installation limitations due to interference with human activity. Additionally, a large wind turbine farm can be constructed in the open ocean. Therefore, it is important to conduct motion analysis of floating offshore wind turbines in waves during the initial stage of conceptual design. In this study, a frequency motion analysis was conducted on a semi-submersible type floating offshore wind turbine. The analysis focused on the effects of varying trim on the motion characteristics. Specifically, motion response analysis was performed on heave, roll, and pitch. Natural period analysis confirmed that changing the trim angle did not significantly affect the heave and pitch motions, but it did have a regular impact on the roll motion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.278-279
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• 2012

최근 들어 세계적인 고유가 행진과 화석연료 고갈에 대응하기 위하여 대체 에너지원 발굴에 대한 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 그 중 CIGS 박막 태양전지는 미래 신재생 에너지 자원의 가장 유망한 후보군 중 하나이다. 기존의 Si 기반의 태양전지의 경우 시간경과에 따른 효율 저하, 높은 재료비, 복잡한 공정으로 인하여 대량생산이 힘든 단점을 가지고 있다. 반면 박막 태양전지의 경우 생산 원가를 낮출 수 있는 태양전지 제조기술로서는 2세대 태양전지로 불리우며, 에너지 변환 효율과 생산 원가에서 우월성을 가진다. 그리고 이러한 CIGS 박막 태양전지를 단일 CIGS 타겟을 이용하여 스퍼터링 공정으로 제작하면 기존에 사용되었던 동시 증발법에 비해서 간단하고 대면적 코팅 및 대량 생산이 가능하다. 본 연구에서 사용된 기판으로는 $25{\times}25mm$ 크기의 Soda Lime Glass (SLG) 위에 DC 마그네트론 스퍼터링 공정으로 Mo가 $1{\mu}m$ 증착된 시편을 이용하여, 2 inch 단일 CIGS 타겟 (MATERION, CIGS Target 25-17.5-7.5-50 at%)을 기판 가열하여 증착하였다. RF 파워는 80 W, 기판 온도는 RT, 100, 200, 300, $400^{\circ}C$로 가열 후 증착하였고, CIGS 박막의 두께는 약 $1{\mu}m$로 일정하게 하였다. CIGS/Mo 박막의 파워별 미세구조 분석을 위해 X-ray Diffraction (XRD, BRUKER GADDS)로 측정하였으며, 박막의 결정립 크기를 확인하기 위해 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM, HITACHI)을 사용하여 측정하였다. 조건별 박막의 조성 분석 및 표면조도는 Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS, HORIBA 7395-H)와 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)을 이용하여 각각 평가하였다. 마지막으로 광학적 특성을 평가하고 박막의 밴드갭 에너지를 계산하기 위해서 190 nm에서 1,100 nm의 영역 대에서 자외선 광학 측정기(UV-Vis, HP-8453, AGLIENT)로 투과도를 측정하여 밴드갭 에너지를 계산하였다. 증착된 CIGS 박막은 기판 온도가 증가함에 따라 결정립 크기가 커지는 경향을 보였다. 이는 기판 상에 도달한 스퍼터 원자의 확산 에너지 증가로 인한 것으로 생각되어진다. 또한, 기판온도에 따른 결정립 성장 변화는 4성분계의 박막의 조성 및 핵생성 밀도와 관련되어 설명되어질 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.49.1-49.1
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• 2009

산업화 이후, 석탄 석유를 중심으로 한 화석연료가 이산화탄소를대량으로 배출하며 지구 온난화를 야기함에 따라, 석유를 대체할 새로운 에너지원에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 많은 대체에너지 가운데, 청정하고 무한 재생 가능한대체에너지를 이야기할 때, 가장 큰 기대를 받고 있는 것은 태양에너지이며, 이에 보조를 맞춰 태양광 발전에 대한 연구개발이 국내외적으로 활발히 진행되고 있는 실정이다. 태양 전지는 빛 에너지를 직접 전기 에너지로 바꿔주는 소자로, 셀의효율을 높이기 위해서는 최대한 많은 빛을 흡수시킬 수 있는 것이 중요하다. 빛의 반사를 줄이는 방법에는 Texturing 과 Antireflecting coating 이있다. Antireflecting coating은 반도체와 공기의 중간 굴절율을 갖는 박막을 증착하여 측면 반사를 감소시킴으로서 빛의 손실을 감소시키는 역활을 한다. 반사 방지막으로 쓰이는 SiNx는 SiOx의 대체 물질로 굴절률이 약 1.5로서 Si에 쉽게 형성시킬 수 있고, texturing된 Si 표면에 적합하며 반사율을 10 %에서 2 %로 줄일 수 있다. 나아가 고성능의 반사방지막은 박막의 균일도확보 및 passivation 공정이 필수적이라 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 PECVD 방법으로 SiH4와 NH3 gas 의 비율을 변화시켜 증착한 SiNx 박막의 결정학적 특성을 X-ray Diffraction 분석과 TEM (TransmissionElectron Microsopy) 을 통해 관찰하였으며, XPS (X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy) 를 통해 화학적결합을 확인하였고, 이를 FT-IR (Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy)를 통해 관찰한 결과와 연관시켜분석하였다. 굴절율의 경우 Ellipsometry를 이용하여측정하였으며 위의 측정을 통하여 SiNx박막의 반사 방지막으로써의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

Liquid rocket engine system is classified into an engine of pressurization and turbo pump type by the way of fuel fed-supporting system. In the KSR-III sounding rocket, an engine of pressurization type was used, but there was lots of technical problems to be solved for a use as the first stage engine of space launch vehicle. So, an engine of turbo pump type was required to be developed to overcome the technical limitation of liquid rocket engine. In this research, the analysis of propellant of Kerosine-LOX and methane-LOX which are noticed as a future propellant was carried out for the purpose of studying the basic characteristics. And to review the basic characteristics of an engine of turbo pump type, among the sizing variant of the space launch vehicle, the ways of injecting a satellite to a direct orbit and transient orbit were discussed in this paper.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.953-959
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• 2015

The global warming caused by consumption of fossil fuel and energy has been interested. Therefore, several policies and regulations have been discussed to reduce greenhouse gas emission and effective energy consumption. The construction industry that takes 45% of energy consumption makes efforts to develop green construction methods and materials and reuseable energy. However, there is no common definition to calculate greenhouse gas and database in the construction industry. Especially, transportation infrastructure like road, railway, harbor, and airport consumes 21% energy of construction facilities. Therefore, this paper develops the causal relationship to define performance of sustainable road construction and maintenance. The performance indices are grouped into economic, social, and envirionmental impacts. Then, the causal map is developed based on survey results of construction experts. This will provide the baseline to evaluate the performance of sustainable construction and to establish the objective goals.