• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2009

In u-GIS environment, we collect spatial data needed through sensor network and provide them with information real-time processed or stored. When information through Internet is requested on Web based applications, it is transmitted in XML. Especially, when requested information includes spatial data, GML, S-XML, and other document that can process spatial data are used. In this processing, real-time stream data processed in DSMS is transformed to S-XML document type and spatial information service based on web receive S-XML document through Internet. Because most of spatial application service use existing spatial DBMS as a storage system, The data used in S-XML and SDBMS needs transformation between themselves. In this paper, we propose S-XML a transformation method using caching of spatial data. The proposed method caches the spatial data part of S-XML to transform S-XML and relational spatial database for providing spatial data efficiently and it transforms cached data without additional transformation cost when a transformation between data in the same region is required. Through proposed method, we show that it reduced the cost of transformation between S-XML documents and spatial information services based on web to provide spatial information in u-GIS environment and increased the performance of query processing through performance evaluation.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.417-423
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• 2016

The effect of the glue solution were investigated in the grinding and elutriation process for manufacturing of White clay pigment. In grinding process, glue solution decreased the production of a too fine powder and enhanced the degree of sorting of ground pigments. The grinding performance and limit are generally influenced by the frictional force. Therefore, the friction force was measured in accordance with the grinding conditions. As a result of measuring a friction force, when using glue solution it showed the lowest friction. Finally, the application of glue solution in grinding process is believed to enhance the degree of sorting of ground pigments by reducing frictional force. In elutriation process, the application of glue solution enabled the screening of larger particles in the same conditions by reducing the sedimentation velocity. This result is due to increase in the viscosity of the glue solution according to glue concentration. As a result, the application of glue solution in elutriation process is though to enlarges the range of the selectable particle size and to enable the segmentation of the particles.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2017

A deep geological disposal at a depth of 500 m in stable host rock is considered to be the safest method with current technologies for disposal of spent fuels classified as high-level radioactive waste. The most important requirement is that the temperature of the bentonite buffer, which is a component of the engineered barrier, should not exceed $100^{\circ}C$. In Korea, the amount of spent fuel generated by nuclear power generation, which accounts for about 30% of the total electricity, is continuously increasing and accumulating. Accordingly, the area required to dispose of it is also increasing. In this study, various duplex disposal concepts were derived for the purpose of improving the disposal efficiency by reducing the disposal area. Based on these concepts, thermal analyses were carried out to confirm whether the critical disposal system requirements were met, and the thermal stability of the disposal system was evaluated by analyzing the results. The results showed that upward 75 m or downward 75 m apart from the reference disposal system location of 500 m depth would qualify for the double layered disposal concept. The results of this study can be applied to the establishment of spent fuel management policy and the design of practical commercial disposal system. Detailed analyses with data of a real disposal site are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.195-206
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• 1980

Fish were grown in a water recycling rearing system consisting of a filter system, of which the area is about $30\;m^2$ and the volume of filter gravels is about $15\;m^3$, 6 rearing and 2 supplementary tans about $7\;m^2$ of surface area each. The results for 180 days from April 18 to October 14,1980 are summarized as following: One rearing tank was used for main experiment stocked with an equal number, and weight of each Israeli strain and $F_1$, hybrid between this strain and Korean local strain of common carp. Gross total production was 461 kg with a net production of 395 kg, and the Israeli strain grew to about 8 times initial weight and the hybrid about 6 times. Based on an analysis of results of the above mentioned main experiment and the other miscellaneous fish grown in the remaining tanks, it was considered to be feasible to implement a commercial production in this system by improving parts of the system and adding a number of the units. A special problem seems to be an adoption of more effective aeration device when fish loading increases. A solid waste removal system was deviced by use of by-pass flow ana this system worked very efficiently in view of supply water economy. A serious problem encountered in this experiment was heavy outbreaks of the gill-fluke, Dactylogyrus sp. which was relatively easily eradicated with Dipterex or DDVP treatment in the first trials, but later on strains which were resistant to any of these chemicals appeared.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.195-209
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• 2018

In this study, the characteristics of various raw hairs used for traditional Korean brushes were examined; further, the characteristics and deterioration patterns of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese brushes were compared, with a quantitative evaluation to assess the brush performance. The tensile strength was generally found to be higher with a greater fiber thickness. Among the hairs examined, the back and flank hair of goat was more damaged than that in other parts, and the tensile strength was low. Higher elasticity of the brush made with hair of high cysteine content was measured. Owing to deterioration by use of the brushes, artificial drying brushes had a higher yellowness index and lower tensile strength than natural drying brushes. Further, it was confirmed that brushes with good absorbency exhibited good consistency, but not good elasticity. Thus, the performance of the brush can be influenced by the kind of material used and the brush usage pattern. In addition, it is possible to identify the material science characteristics of brushes which have been produced only by experience; therefore, the results of this study could provide basic data for manufacturing brushes employed in conservation treatment, in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2007

This paper describes methodology that enables animators to create the facial expression animations and to control the facial expressions in real-time by reusing motion capture datas. In order to achieve this, we fix a facial expression state expression method to express facial states based on facial motion data. In addition, by distributing facial expressions into intuitive space using LLE algorithm, it is possible to create the animations or to control the expressions in real-time from facial expression space using user interface. In this paper, approximately 2400 facial expression frames are used to generate facial expression space. In addition, by navigating facial expression space projected on the 2-dimensional plane, it is possible to create the animations or to control the expressions of 3-dimensional avatars in real-time by selecting a series of expressions from facial expression space. In order to distribute approximately 2400 facial expression data into intuitional space, there is need to represents the state of each expressions from facial expression frames. In order to achieve this, the distance matrix that presents the distances between pairs of feature points on the faces, is used. In order to distribute this datas, LLE algorithm is used for visualization in 2-dimensional plane. Animators are told to control facial expressions or to create animations when using the user interface of this system. This paper evaluates the results of the experiment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.68-83
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• 1977

영양실태조사 및 사람을 대상으로 하는 많은 영양적 연구에서 요중(尿中) 여러 성분(成分)들의 배설량을 측정하기 위해 만 하루의 소변을 완전히 채취하기는 매우 어려우므로 임의시간(任意時間)의 소변을 채취하여 사용한다. 이 경우엔 흔히 요성분(尿成分)의 농도는 요중(尿中) 크레아티닌을 양(量)을 기준으로 하여 표시되는데, 크레아티닌은 요중(尿中) 일일(一日) 배설량이 개인에 따라 알정하고 요양(尿量)에는 상관없이 비교적 일정한 속도로 배설 된다고 간주되기 때문이다. 그러나 비교적 높은 발생율을 갖는 세균재(細菌在) 요도염(尿道炎)에서는 감염균(感染菌)이 크레아티닌을 파괴할 가능성이 있고 따라서 이 경우의 요중(尿中) 크레아티닌의 여러 용도(用途)는 비합리적으로 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 가설을 규명하려고 한다. 첫 실험에서는 감염균(感染菌)이 요소(尿素)를 암모니아로 파괴함으로써 형성되는 요(尿)의 알칼리성에 대한 크레아티닌의 안정성(安定性)을 알아 보았다. 건강인(健康人)의 요중(尿中) 크레아티닌과 완충액에 용해시킨 순수 크레아티닌을 pH $4.5{\sim}9.0$으로 조정하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 6일간 배양시켰다. 잔존한 크레아티닌을 측량한 결과, 크레아티닌은 완충용액이나 요(尿)에서서 모두 산성 pH에서 보다 알칼리 pH에서 더욱 안정(安定)함을 보여주었다. 1일간 배양 후엔 거의 변화(變化)가 없었고 6일 후에나 $4.2{\sim}8.0%$의 감소율을 나타냈을 뿐이다. 두번째 실험에서는 감염균이 크레아티닌을 성장(成長)을 위한 질소급원으로 사용하는지를 결정하기 위해 세균성(細菌性) 요도염(尿道炎)에서 자주 발견되는 13종류(種類)의 박테리아를 건강인(健康人)의 요(尿)와 크레아티닌을 질소급원으로 하는 합성배지(合成培地)에 $37^{\circ}C$로 배양하였다. 대부분의 박테리아는 크레아티닌함양(含量)을 감소시키지 않았다. 그러나 Pseudomonas aeruginosa와 Klebsiella pneumoniae는 합성배지중(合成培地中)의 크레아티닌을 상당량 파괴시켰고, 그 파괴율은 그들 성장율과 평행하였다. 배양 6일후에는 크레아티닌이 Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 의해 처음 양(量)(500mg/100m1) 의 12.8%가, Kleobsiella pneumoniae에 의해서는 11.8%가 감소되었다. 감소율은 크레아티닌의 처음 농도가 낮을수록 커져서 50mg/100ml 일 때는 각각 21.1%와 28.2%이었다. 더욱이 Klebsiella pneumoniae는 황산암모늄과 요소(尿素)같은 다른 질소급원이 크레아티닌과 공존(共存)할 때에도 크레아티닌을 어느 정도 파괴함을 보여 주었다. 결론으로, 세균성(細菌性) 요도염(尿道炎)환자의 요(尿)의 알칼리성은 요중(尿中) 크레아티닌양(量)에 중요한 영항을 주지 못한다. 그러나 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 사용된 Klebsiella pneumoniae와 가능하게는 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 같은 몇 감염균(感染菌)은 크레아티닌을 그들 성장(成長)의 질소급원으로 사용하여 요중(尿中) 크레아티닌양(量)을 저하시킬지도 모른다. 특히 요(尿)에 요소(尿素), 요산(尿酸)같은 다른 질소급원이 크레아티닌에 비해 비교적 낮은 비율로 존재할 때에, 예(例)를 들면 저(低)단백식사(食事)인 경우, 감염균에 의한 크레아티닌의 파괴율이 더 클 것으로 기대된다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.50-57
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• 2010

Ternary blended concrete(TBC), which contains both fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag, has an initial cost effective and is environment friendly. Furthermore, it has a lot of technical advantages such as the improvement of long term compressive strength, high workability, and the reduction of hydration heat. However, as the use and study on the performance of ternary blended concrete is limited, it is low short term compressive strength. This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics which are a long and short term compressive strengths, permeability and chemical attacks resistance of hardened high early concrete containing slag powder and fly-ash using high early strength cement(HE-TBC). Replacement rate of FA is fixed on 10% and replacement rate of slag powder are 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. The test results showed that compressive and flexural strength of HE-TBC increased as the slag contents increased from 0% to 30% at the short term of curing. The permeability resistance of HE-TBC(fly ash 10%, blast 30%) was extremely good at the short and long terms. However, high early strength ternary blended concrete had weak on carbonation of chemical attack.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.529-540
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• 2003

Recently, the researches on the durability design of concrete structures have been studied. As the examples, models to evaluate the service life prediction of the structure have been developed. The purpose of this article is to develop the model for predicting remaining service life. The final aim is to provide the user time for repairing the concrete structures. In addition, it makes possible to maintain the concrete structure economically. 70 reservoirs out of the inland concrete structures were selected and concrete structures of their components were surveyed. Two methods were used for measuring carbonation; TG/DTA method and Phenolphtalein indicator and, the value of pH was measured by the pH meter, After deriving correlations of calcium carbonate and used year, duration from completion year to 2002, pH value, and concrete cover depth the model was developed for predicting remaining service life by measuring data as small as possible. The conventional models had been developed on the basis of experiment data obtained from the restricted lab environment like as carbon gas exposure. On the other hand this model was developed on the basis of measuring data obtained from the real field that the complex deterioration actions are occurred such as freezing and thawing, carbonation, steel corrosion, and so on. The reliability of the developed model will be evaluated high in this point and this model can help to maintain concrete structures economically by providing the manager time to repair the deteriorated concrete structures in site of facility management.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2007

This study reports the properties of high early strength & durability of concrete using PC admixture. To apply these data to construction site, we did the lab tests. The target of this study is to accomplish early strength of concrete (5.0 Mpa/18 hr), and we did the durability tests such as length change test, chloride ion penetration test, fleeting and thawing test, adiabatic test, etc. And we tested the porperties of concrete by the different factors, such as the type of admixtures, curing temperature, the amount of binder, etc. Through the test of concrete using the different type of admixture, PC type was more excellent than PNS type admixture. As a result, we made a concrete of high early strength concrete, and excellent durable concrete. According to these tests, we concluded that we can apply this type of PC admixture to the civil & construction site, and we can reduce the term of works and finally we will accomplish the economical construction.