• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2018

산채는 주로 산지에서 자생하는 것을 채취하거나 자생지와 비슷한 환경의 임간에서 재배하여 수확을 한다. 본 시험은 차광처리를 통해 산지가 아닌 노지에서 산채 재배 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 대상작목은 개미취(Aster tataricus), 눈개승마(Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus), 단풍취(Ainsliaea acerifolia), 박쥐나물(Parasenecio auricudatus var. matsumurana), 산마늘(Allium microdictyon), 어수리(Heracleum moellendorffii), 우산나물(Syneilesis palmata)이다. 시험작목을 전북 남원시 허브시험장(표고 500m) 포장에서 2017년 4월에 종묘를 정식하여 약 2년간 재배하였다. 고온기인 5월부터 9월까지 35%, 55%, 75%, 95% 차광정도를 달리하여 설치 한 후 시설 내의 기온, 상대습도 등 환경조건 및 재배작물의 고사율, 출현율, 생육특성 등을 조사하였다. 시설 내부의 평균 기온은 차광정도가 높아질수록 다소 낮아졌으며, 상대습도는 점차 높아졌다. 차광정도별 고사율을 조사한 결과 개미취, 어수리, 우산나물의 경우는 차광비율에 상관없이 각각 3.6%, 5.7%, 9.8%로 낮게 나타났다. 반면 단풍취와 산마늘의 경우 차광 비율에 따른 편차가 크지는 않았지만 최대 고사율이 각각 20.0%, 36.8%로 다소 높게 나타났다. 또한 눈개승마 75% 차광에서 50.0%, 박쥐나물 35% 차광에서 100% 고사율을 보여 적정 차광비율 선정 필요하다고 판단된다. 정식 2년차 4월 평균 출현율은 개미취 100%, 눈개승마 86.2%, 단풍취 84.3%, 박쥐나물 77.9%, 산마늘 97.5%, 어수리 88.9%, 우산나물 96.3%이었다. 다만 단풍취, 박쥐나물은 차광정도가 높아질수록 출현율이 높아졌고, 어수리는 차광정도가 높아질수록 다소 출현율이 낮아졌다. 또한 생육특성 조사 결과 초장은 단풍취를 제외하고 차광처리별 경향성이 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았으며, 엽장과 엽폭은 산마늘을 제외한 작목들은 차광이 강할수록 커지는 경향이었다. SPAD 값은 개미취와 산마늘은 처리구역별 차이가 없었으나, 나머지 작물은 차광이 높아질수록 SPAD 값도 커졌다. 시험결과 표고 500m지역에서 개미취, 산마늘, 어수리, 우산나물은 차광수준에 따른 생육의 차이가 크지 않거나 차광이 낮아도 생육이 비교적 양호하였다. 그러나 단풍취와 박쥐나물은 차광정도에 따라 생육의 차이가 분명하였으며, 차광이 높아질수록 생육이 좋아졌다. 이를 바탕으로 산채류 노지재배를 위해서는 연차 간 작목별 생육특성, 수량성, 상품율, 경제적 분석 등의 추가적인 조사가 이루어져 할 것으로 여겨진다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.302-309
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• 1987

One hundred rice varieties were tested for their level of resistance to sheath blight disease at adult plant stage in field condition through 1984 to 1986. Rice plants were grown under ordinary seasonal culture and inoculated by k-2 fungus isolate during three years. k -1 isolate was also inoculated separately in 1984 and test under late seasonal culture was conducted in separate field in 1985. Degree of damage by the disease observed at 25 days after heading was used to identify the level of resistance of the rice varieties tested. Varietal differences of degree of damage were significant in five tests during three years, and the genotypic variance of degree of damage was always higher than environmental variance among varieties tested. Positive correlations between testing years, between cultural seasons, and between isolates inoculated were found in degree of damage of varieties tested for two or three years continuously. Degree of damage by the disease was correlated negatively with heading date of rice varieties except 1984 tests. Thus, the level of resistance should be compared among the variety group having almost same heading date in field condition, and late and extremely late variety groups should be tested for their level of resistance under appropriate environmental condition. Gayabyo, an early heading variety, and SR9713-54-3, a medium heading breeding line, showed consistent lower value of degree of damage during two or three years. These two varieties were selected as moderate resistant germplasm.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2021

Appropriate pruning is very important for southern highbush blueberries cultivated in a heated plastic house to control their severe crowding within the bush canopy after harvest. Pruning treatments at different times were evaluated to find out an appropriate pruning time to southern highbush 'Scintilla' cultivation with heating. Seven-year-old (2018) bushes, grown in 180-L containers, were summer-pruned on May 20 (35-39 days after harvest) and June 20, or dormant-pruned on December 20 (5 days before flowering), consecutively in both 2018 and 2019 removing 30% of the total woods. May pruning activated occurrence of shoots the following years, increasing number of shoot by 17 to 49% and total shoot length by 18 to 32% compared with those of the dormant pruning. Fruit characteristic was not significantly affected by different pruning times the previous year. The first year pruning treatment did not influence the yield the following year, but the second year consecutive May pruning significantly increased yield per bush by 7% compared with the dormant pruning. The results indicated that summer pruning in May could be favorable to promote shoot growth and to maintain stable yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.18
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• pp.54-87
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• 1975

The effects of various weather factors on yield components of rice, year variation of yield components within regions, and regional differences of yield components within year were investigated at three Crop Experiment Stations O.R.D., Suweon, Iri, Milyang, and at nine provincial Offices of Rural Development for eight years from 1966 to 1973 for the purpose of providing information required in improving cultural practices and predicting the yield level of rice. The experimental results analyzed by standard partial regression analysis are summarized as follows: 1. When rice was grown in ordinary seasonal culture the number of panicles greatly affected rice yield compared to other yield components. However, when rice was seeded in ordinary season and transplanted late, and transplanted in ordinary season in the northern area the ratio of ripening was closely related to the rice yield. 2. The number of panicles showed the greatest year variation when the Jinheung variety was grown in the northern area. The ripening ratio or 1, 000 grain weight also greatly varied due to years. However, the number of spikelets per unit area showed the greatest effects on yield of the Tongil variety. 2. Regional variation of yield components was classified into five groups; 1) Vegetation dependable type (V), 2) Partial vegetation dependable type (P), 3) Medium type (M), 4) Partial ripening dependable type (P.R), and 5) Ripening dependable type (R). In general, the number of kernel of rice in the southern area showed the greatest partial regression coefficient among yield components. However, in the mid-northern part of country the ripening ratio was one of the component!; affecting rice yield most. 4. A multivariate equation was obtained for both normal planting and late planting by log-transforming from the multiplication of each component of four yield components to additive fashion. It revealed that a more accurate yield could be estimated from the above equation in both cases of ordinary seasonal culture and late transplanting. 5. A highly positive correlation coefficient was obtained between the number of tillers from 20 days after transplanting and the number of panicles at each(tillering) stage 20 days after transplanting in normal planting and late planting methods. 6. A close relationship was found between the number of panicles and weather factors 21 to 30 days, after transplanting. 7. The average temperature 31 to 40 days after transplanting was greatly responsible for the maximum number of tillers while the number of duration of sunshine hours per day 11 to 30 days after transplantation was responsible for that character. The effect of water temperature was negligible. 8. No reasonable prediction for number of panicles was calculated from using either number of tillers or climatic factors. The number of panicles could early be estimated formulating a multiple equation using number of tillers 20 days after transplantation and maximum temperature, temperature range and duration of sunshine for the period of 20 days from 20 to 40 days after transplantation. 9. The effects of maximum temperature and day length 25 to 34 days before heading, on kernel number per panicle, were great in the mid-northern area. However, the minimum temperature and day length greatly affected the kernel number per panicle in the southern area. The maximum temperature had a negative relationship with the kernel number per panicle in the southern area. 10. The maximum temperature was highly responsible for an increased ripening ratio. On the other hand, the minimum temperature at pre-heading and early ripening stages showed an adverse effect on ripening ratio. 11. The 1, 000 grain weight was greatly affected by the maximum temperature during pre- or mid-ripening stage and was negatively associated with the minimum temperature over the entire ripening period.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2008

Objectives : The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Astragali radix on the asthma treatment. EAR-I is an extract of astragali radix cultured for one year and EAR-III is an extract of astragali radix cultured for three years. Methods : Two asthma-induced groups mice group was treated respectively with EAR- I and EAR- III. The other group was not. Each group was analyzed in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results : In asthma-induced mice by OVA treatment, the weight of lung, total cell number of leukocyte and eosinophil in BALF, both EAR- I and EAR- III treated groups were significantly decreased compared to control group. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, histamine, IgE in BLAF of group treated with both EAR-I and EM-III were significantly decreased compared to control group. In FACS analyzing, granulocytes, $CD3e^-$/$CCR3^+$, $CD3^+$/$CD19^$, $CD3e^+$/$CD69^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ and $GR-1^+$/$CD11b^+$ were significantly increased in asthma induced mice group by OVA treatment compared to control group, and decreased in group treated with both EAR- I and EAR-III. Conclusions : The present data proves that extract of astragali radix has an effect on the inhibiting asthma. Moreover, astragali radix cultured for three years was proved to be superior to the one cultured for one year.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.186-191
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• 1987

Relationship between the contents of ginsenosides in root and minerals (N,P,K,Ca,Mg) in leaf and root of and year Panax ginseng grown with solutions of various N,P,K levels was investigated by simple, multiple and partial regressions. In root K, N, and P in decreasing order showed significant negative correlation with each ginsenosides. In leaf K,N, and P in decreasing order showed significant positive, negative and both correlation with root ginsenosides, respectively. Relationship between K and root ginsenosides in the minus K plot did not follow that in other plots. The ratios of K,N, and P, in leaf to root in decreasing order showed positive correlations that were greater than in leaf or root. Mg was negatively while Ca was positively correlated in root but these were reverse in leaf and always nonisgnificant in both parts. Ginsenoside Rd, Re and $Rb_1$ were most affected by mineral contents. The effect of minerals on PT/PD was least.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 1998

In order to determine the nitrogen supplying capabilities (NSC) of corn fields, 47 field experiments were performed in Pennsylvania over 3 year from 1986 and NSCs were estimated by the regression analysis with chemical properties and soil attributes. Although the content of $NO_3-N$ in soil showed the best correlation with NSC ($R^2=0.518$), the standardized partial regression coefficient of $NO_3-N$ for NSC was 0.52, with some variations over the years. This value was slightly higher than those of the other properties which ranged from 0.001 to 0.351. Multiple linear regression with soil attributes for the evaluation of NSC was better than simple regression with $NO_3-N$. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) for the evaluation of NSC was gradually increased; 0.599 with selected chemical properties, 0.698 with quantitative attributes(chemical properties and depth of Ap horizon), and 0.839 with quantitative and selected qualitative soil attributes. Consequently, in order to evaluate NSC, analysis by multiple linear regression with soil attributes was more reliable and better model than by the simple regression model.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 1995

This study was carried out to select economic-crops according to the improvement methods of newly-reclaimed soils. Silage corn, soybean, Job's tears and sweet potato were cultivated under 6 treatments including integrated improvement plot, control plot, compost plot, subsoiling plot, phosphate plot and lime plot on the Songjeong loam from 1985 to 1988. Crop yields and soil physical properties were investigated throughout the experiment. Soil porosity in the sweet potato plots were highest. In case of cultivated years, those of 4th year were lowest. Averaged yield increasing ratios of silage corn, soybean, job`s tears and sweet potato in the integrated improvement plots were 132%, 29%, 49% and 59%, respectively. And that of 5 soil improved treatments for 4 crops were 53%, 15%, 25% and 38%, respectively. After subtraction of the total expenses of soil conditioners, the economical efficiency of soil improvements were clear in the 4 crops except the compost plot of silage corn. That of sweet potato plot was the highest.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2008

To measure the soil-to-plant transfer factors ($TF_a,\;m^2\;kg^{-1}$-fresh) of radionuclides deposited during the growing season of potato, a radioactive solution containing $^{54}Mn,\;^{60}Co,\;^{85}Sr$ and $^{137}Cs$ was applied to the soil surfaces in soil boxes 2 d before seeding and three different times during the plant growth. For the pre-seeding application (PSA), radionuclides were mixed with the topsoil (loamy sand and 5.2 in pH). The plant parts investigated were leaves, stems, tuber skin and tuber flesh. The $TF_a$ values of $^{54}Mn,\;^{60}Co,\;^{85}Sr$ and $^{137}Cs$ from the PSA were in the ranges of $1.9{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.5{\times}10^{-2}$, $1.8{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}7.5{\times}10^{-4}$, $4.0{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.6{\times}10^{-2}$, $1.5{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}3.9{\times}10^{-4}$ respectively, for different plant parts. The TFa values from the growing-time applications were on the whole a few times lower than those from the PSA. For $^{54}Mn,\;^{85}Sr$ and $^{137}Cs$, the $TF_a$ values from the early- or middle-growth-stage application were higher than those from the late-growth-stage application, whereas the opposite was true for $^{60}Co$. Leaves and tuber flesh had the highest and lowest $TF_a$ values, respectively, in most cases. The total uptake from soil by the four plant parts was in the range of $0.05{\sim}3.16%$. In the third year following the PSA, the $TF_a$ values of $^{54}Mn,\;^{60}Co$ and $^{137}Cs$ were $11{\sim}25%$, $21{\sim}25%$ and $38{\sim}67%$ of those in the first year, respectively, depending on the plant parts. The present results can be used for estimating the radiological impact of an acute radioactive deposition during the growing season of potato and for testing the validity of relevant food-chain models.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2019

This study was conducted to nominate optimal ground cover plants eventually enhancing Aronia production in the highland rolling plains. Total number of 17 weed species were observed in Aronia field when no cover plant was applied. Meanwhile, 12, 14, 15 and 16 weed species were observed when kentucky bluegrass, white clover, rattail fescue and ground ivy were used, respectively. Untreated native weed species were 73.6 cm tall before cut, and kentucky bluegrass, white clover, Rattail fescue and ground ivy were 57.5, 36.8, 48.3 and 40.9 cm, respectively. Based on plant height before cut, two shortest plants, white clover and ground ivy, were considered effective as ground cover plants in Aronia field. Coverage at $3^{rd}$ year by cover plants ranged from 85% to 100%. Coverage of uncovered Aronia field by native weed species was 95% while coverage by 4 treatments, kentucky bluegrass, white clover, rattail fescue and ground ivy were 100, 87, 85 and 100%, respectively. Aronia yield per plant at $3^{rd}$ year was 1,916 g with white clover cover followed by 1,770 g with Rattail fescue, 1,766 g with ground ivy, 1,098 g without cover plants and 931 g with Kentucky Bluegrass. Out results indicated that ground ivy was the best among all treatments based on 3 criteria, (1) short plant architecture, (2) rapid ground covering and (3) better weed control. In addition, ground ivy cover appeared to secure better yield.