• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.36 no.10
• /
• pp.1083-1093
• /
• 2003

Efficient financial management is a critical factor in achieving school foodservice goals. The objective of this study was to suggest efficient financial management practices in secondary school foodservices. In pursuit of this objective, we first identified performance indexes for measuring the success of financial management. Second, we suggested financial management standards, financial data classification methods and a report system. Last, we analyzed operating ratios with the financial data of self-operated and contract-managed school food services. The data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire from 10 middle/high school foodservices in Seoul and Kyeonggi Provincial during on-sites visits and interviews with dieticians and managers. Student participation, sales goals, re-contract frequency and number and cost of disaster loss were identified as the performance indexes for financial management. Income statements were compiled by identifying and classifying financial data. Total revenues consisted of subsidies, meal sales, other revenue and interest. Expenditures consisted of purchased food, salaries and wages, utility costs, office supplies, kitchen supplies, purchased services, company overhead indirect costs, facility investment and maintenance, facility usage expenses, employee benefits and miscellaneous. Mean price of a meal was 2,326 won at self-operated foodservices when the subsidies were included as revenues and 2,360 won at contract-managed foodservices. When including the subsidies as revenues, the operating ratios of self-operated foodservice showed that the food cost percentage was 66.9％, labor cost 23.2％, operation cost 9.9％ and profit 0％. The correspond figures at contract-managed foodservices were 57.6％, 21.5％, 15.3％, and 5.5％, respectively. Food costs in self-operated foodservices was significantly higher than that for contract-managed foodservices, however, facility investment and maintenance and facility usage expenses at self-operated foodservices was significantly lower than those for contract-managed foodservices. Based on this study, the methodology and classification system of financial data was found to be applicable to assess the financial structure of school foodservices.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.1474-1492
• /
• 2018

This study empirically analyzes the direct effects of government support for SMEs (project success) and indirect effects (sales growth) focusing on the differences between financially difficult firms (so-called 'zombie' firms) and 'normal' firms. If the zombie firm has a problem in technology development (success of the project) and the economic resilience capability (sales growth), then excluding them from the government's R&D support programs would enhance the overall efficiency of the programs. If not, government R&D could complement the market failure and play a positive role in revitalizing marginal firms. In this study, we collected data about 7,575 firms who participated in seven government R&D programs in 2013 and 2014. As a result of the logistic regression analysis, we did not find evidence that the likelihood of success for zombie firms was lower than that for the normal firms. However, the tendency of sales growth after the project was smaller for the zombie firms than for the normal firms. For zombie firms, we also found that firms that succeeded in the project were more likely to increase sales than those that failed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.170-185
• /
• 2019

This study is intended to look into the structural relationship between SCM activity, process innovation and quality performance in small and medium sized enterprisers(SMEs). To achieve this, a survey was empirically carried out to 354 SCM operating officers and managers who perform the SCM activities in small and medium sized manufacturing firms. The results are summarized as follows. Overall, the SCM activity and process innovation had a significant effect on the quality performance, having a structural relationship with the quality performance in SEMs. This implies that the strategic alliance of the SCM activities and competence concentration based on technology development in SEMs can organize the unity through organizational members' information sharing. In other words, when the information integration supports the compatibility and reliability of shared information system by raising technological competence through this, the process innovation can lead to non-financial cost reduction, product quality, delivery compliance and inventory cost reduction as quality performance of the structured process, management and distribution.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.1-28
• /
• 2018

With the growing number of emerging carmakers, automotive parts manufacturers have to penetrate into emerging markets. They can provide large existing carmakers with fully customized parts because of economies scale, but cannot do this for small emerging carmakers due to their small and highly volatile volume order. Once the order by an emerging carmaker is placed, a part manufacturer is exposed to high risks both of decrease in profit margin and high opportunity cost. The platform-based mass customization can be a solution for cost reduction, but the risks of volatility in volume hard to manage. Tackling this issue, we presents a method of optimizing the product portfolio to maximize profits while managing volatility of volume order by emerging carmakers at an affordable level. It is the first robust product portfolio method to keep the scaled deviation of profits at a fixed level under volume order uncertainty. Also, the effect of on the platform-based mass customization on cost is considered. This model can be a building block of conservative market penetration as well as product development strategy while minimizing the financial risks. We conducted an empirical study of a part manufacturer targeting on eighteen automobile manufacturers in North America, Europe and Asia with it powered lift gate.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 2021

In recent years, ESG investment is increasing worldwide, and awareness of ESG risks such as environment, society, and governance is increasing, and non-financial investments are considered when making investment decisions. With the recent Corvid 19 crisis, the focus is on the environment, and investments related to bio and health are gaining popularity, while new investments are completely suspended in coal-related businesses, and decisions are made in the direction of sequential termination or withdrawal of existing businesses This has resulted in an increasing number of managers setting climate change and sustainability as top priorities in their investment portfolios. As a result, it is necessary to present effective countermeasures to changes in the investment environment, and to make efforts to respond and prepare an investment system that can help build a risk management system. Therefore, I would like to briefly review the ESG investment trends and present implications considering shared growth and mutual benefit.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.501-523
• /
• 2021

In this study, a value-based children's financial education program was developed focusing on the values of each financial management area needed for children. According to 'quasi-experimental design - non-equivalent control group design', an experimental group and a control group were formed for children in the lower grades of elementary school, and a value-based child financial education program was executed, and then the program was applied to children's personal financial management. The effect on the value propensity for each area was evaluated. As a result of the quantitative evaluation, it was confirmed that the 8 values of the children in the experimental group were significantly improved compared to the children of the control group, so this program was effective in enhancing the values of each of the 8 areas of personal financial management needed for children. In addition, the children in the experimental group showed significant improvement compared to the children in the control group in the cognitive, justice, and psychodynamic levels of values. It has also been found to be effective in enhancing as a result of the qualitative evaluation, various positive changes were found in the cognitive, affective, and psycho-dynamic dimensions about the values of each financial management area for children. From a positive perspective, it was found that it plays a useful role in cultivating the values of each area of positive personal financial management.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.103-120
• /
• 2023

This study is to confirm whether SMEs can manage production facilities well and receive help in establishing new product development strategies if they actively engage in external networks. And under this influence, it is to check whether sales growth and financial performance improve. After reviewing the literature and theory, an empirical analysis using the questionnaire method was conducted to verify the research model. To verify statistical significance, programs 'SPSS 20.0' and 'Smart PLS 2.0' were used. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, the higher the level of technical cooperation external networking of SMEs, the higher the level of management of their production facilities and new product development strategy was confirmed. Second, it was confirmed that the higher the level of production facility management and new product development strategy of SMEs, the higher their financial performance. Third, among the external networking levels of SMEs, the factor that has the greatest influence on management level of production facilities was identified as degree of participation in human network activities to secure technology. And the factor that had the greatest influence on level of new product development strategy was identified as participation in joint research and commissioned research.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.265-286
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this research can be said as follows. The close examination of competitive advantages of Korean enterprises who have been participating and dominating the management activities directly in India. And the Analysing of the correlation between the competitive advantages and the management performances of Korean firms there. That is, the factors which exercise their influence over the local management positively can be activated and developed reasonably and systematically while the others which exercise their influence over it negatively have to be eliminated, at least. The factors of competitive advantages on this paper are from ones which could generally be recognized on the basis of the preceding studies, and the management performances are divided by three sub-variables like sales, profits and management satisfaction. As empirically statistical method, Regression coefficient analysis as inferential statistics as well as Pearson's correlation as descriptive is implemented for this paper of testing some hypotheses.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 2024

This study proposes an unsupervised learning-based clustering model to estimate the ESG ratings of domestic public institutions. To achieve this, the optimal number of clusters was determined by comparing spectral clustering and k-means clustering. These results are guaranteed by calculating the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI), a model performance index. The DBI values were 0.734 for spectral clustering and 1.715 for k-means clustering, indicating lower values showed better performance. Thus, the superiority of spectral clustering was confirmed. Furthermore, T-test and ANOVA were used to reveal statistically significant differences between ESG non-financial data, and correlation coefficients were used to confirm the relationships between ESG indicators. Based on these results, this study suggests the possibility of estimating the ESG performance ranking of each public institution without existing ESG ratings. This is achieved by calculating the optimal number of clusters, and then determining the sum of averages of the ESG data within each cluster. Therefore, the proposed model can be employed to evaluate the ESG ratings of various domestic public institutions, and it is expected to be useful in domestic sustainable management practice and performance management.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.221-228
• /
• 2024

Predicting insurance claims is a key task for insurance companies to manage risks and maintain financial stability. Accurate insurance claim predictions enable insurers to set appropriate premiums, reduce unexpected losses, and improve the quality of customer service. This study aims to enhance the performance of insurance claim prediction models by applying ensemble learning techniques. The predictive performance of models such as Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), XGBoost, Stacking, and the proposed Dynamic Weighted Ensemble (DWE) model were compared and analyzed. Model performance was evaluated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and the Coefficient of Determination (R²). Experimental results showed that the DWE model outperformed others in terms of evaluation metrics, achieving optimal predictive performance by combining the prediction results of Random Forest, XGBoost, LR, and LightGBM. This study demonstrates that ensemble learning techniques are effective in improving the accuracy of insurance claim predictions and suggests the potential utilization of AI-based predictive models in the insurance industry.