• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.17-38
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• 2019

Deleuze and Guattari revive the educational meaning of training. For them, "a violent training" always penetrates unconsciousness and consciousness. For example, we can float on water only by swimming. There is a complex historical exploration on the subject of training. Socrates distinguishes the training of spirit from that of the body, so he secures the independence of educational language. This heritage continues to us until today. However, Foucault argues that, since the modern era, humans have accepted an active obedience by "disciplinary training". Nowadays, the term "skill discipline" is also reduced to business language, and we should overcome this situation. Deleuze and Guattari suggest a "becoming-other" argument predicated on "pre-conscious singularities" on this point. The training of spirit evolves in relation to a body and other circumstance for them. Therefore, the traditional hierarchy between spirit and body is erased in their argument. Ironically, this argument displays "educational effectiveness" to success Socrates's heritage subverting to the modern thinking of it. In conclusion, we can now rethink the educational value of training based on this effectiveness. Kyudo training is an excellent example of education through body and spirit.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1009-1024
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• 2011

Previous studies showed that many secondary school students and teachers have difficulties in distinguishing the phenomena of dissolution and diffusion, as well as the phenomena of diffusion and effusion. In this study, currently accepted term definitions of dissolution, diffusion and effusion were searched from the IUPAC Gold Book and the physical chemistry textbooks, and the points to differentiate the definitions were sought. Also, the term definitions of these three phenomena in the secondary school text books and the college general chemistry textbooks were surveyed and compared to the currently accepted definitions. It was found that dissolution is formation of one new phase from mixing two phases, while diffusion is the migration of matter down from the concentration gradient. The "concentration gradient" is considered to be a key point to distinguish diffusion from the dissolution. However, the concentration gradient was not mentioned in the definitions of diffusion in most of the secondary school textbooks and the college general chemistry textbooks. Effusion is differentiated from diffusion by the gas molecules escaping from the container through a tiny hole without collision. The definition of effusion was not found in most of the secondary school textbooks.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 2008

This paper attempts to re-evaluate the size of housing wealth effect in Korea. Our focus is on the size of 'genuine' housing wealth effect, i.e., the response of consumption spending by home-owners to the changes in housing wealth. Two issues show up while we estimate the 'genuine' wealth effects using aggregate time series data: the issues around home ownership and proper measure of consumption. We first argue that it is more appropriate to use non-housing consumption, because housing consumption is in large part not of the choice of home owners but the imputed rents they do not actually choose to pay. We then proceed to address the issue of home ownership, by examining how much to revise the estimates of housing wealth effect obtained from aggregate non-housing consumption data. We construct two structural models and estimate the share of home-owners' consumption in those models' context. It is found that, if properly revised in light of the estimated consumption shares of home-owners, the magnitude of resulting housing wealth effects are larger than what simple time series regressions imply.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.23-37
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• 2020

This paper aims to elaborate on the reality of Gagakgo (架閣庫) by looking into its staff and abolition, given how Gagakgo was originally where diverse archives in Joseon were preserved. This study on Gagakgo, therefore, could be used as a basic reference to grasp the reality of the Joseon's Records Centers and Archives. This institution was changed as a labor organization following changes in the political environment. As a result, the status and operational aspects of the institution also changed. Gagakgo was abolished once during King Sejo (世祖)'s reign and then restored during the period between King Hyojong (孝宗)'s and YoungJo (英祖)'s reign. This restored institution also performed the same role as before. This paper serves as reference to better understand the system of Gagakgo and the archival preservation system in Joseon.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.17-34
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• 2007

Organizations have realized the importance of CRM. To obtain the maximum possible lifetime value from a customer base, it is critical that customer data is analyzed to understand patterns of customer response. As customer databases assume gigantic proportions due to Internet and e-commerce activity, data-mining-based market segmentation becomes crucial for understanding customers. Here we raise a question and some issues of using single SOM approach for clustering while proposing multiple self-organizing maps approach. This methodology exploits additional themes on the attributes that characterize customers in a typical CRM system. Since this additional theme is usually ignored by traditional market segmentation techniques we here suggest careful application of SOM for market segmentation.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.129-140
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to reconsider existing hypotheses on the orinination and changes of changbang-anchogongs and their types and suggest an alternative hypothesis. The earliest changbang-anchogongs in $17^{th}$ century is presumed to originate as imitations of chungbang ppaelmoks for ornamental and reinforcing parts for changbangs. They were framed whole sides of buildings equally, and were used in small numbers of extant royal buildings and Buddhist halls. From late $17^{th}$ century, enlarged dragon shape changbang-anchogongs applied to Buddhist halls maily to decorate and strengthen front side of buildings. As a result of exchange between changbang-anchogongs and Ikgong type brackets, combined changbang-anchogongs in Buddhist halls were invented for stronger connection with upper bracketing units and have been spread during $18^{th}$ century. Danpyeongbang anchogongs were originated by the connection between short pieces of pyeongbangs and early type of anchogongs similar to ppaelmoks. They belong to minority subtype, but were drawn in illustrations by mistake, as parts of main halls of royal palaces from $19^{th}$ century, because of painter's confusion about new techniques for changbang-anchogongs. Combined changbang-anchogongs for royal buildings were presumed to be invented in 1790s by stimulation from a Buddhist hall related to royal tomb. However, unlike Buddhist precedence, they were used to reinforce and decorate whole sides, even corners, of buildings, and their frameworks and shapes were imported from Daeryang-anchogongs at flanks of ritual halls in royal tombs and royal shrines from $17^{th}$ century.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.49-91
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• 2017

This study analyzes the social and cultural development process of tourism development in Banjar Nyuh-Kuning, a rural village in Bali, and the cultural practices of residential tourist in this area. The role of Banjar in the development of cultural tourism, especially the process of re-recognition of traditional discourse, became the main impetus for the prosperity of the village. For this purpose, the demands of residential tourists in the village and the role of local residents in their response is discussed. Residential tourist and village community experience the process of acculturation under one space, which provides an opportunity for each group to newly recognize tradition. In the end, the residential tourist in the villages provide an opportunity to reexamine tourism practices the stemmed from the concept of existing objectivism and constructivism authenticity. The perception of the authenticity of residential tourists a part of the ontological awareness resulting from everyday satisfactions and security in the course of experiencing tourism. The process of the development of Nyuh-Kuning village as a tourist attraction may be understood from the viewpoint of as a type of existential authenticity that the residential tourists acquire as they practice village traditions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.607-615
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• 2022

Animation is a popular art in the form of enlightenment that intimately approaches people of various ages and makes them reconsider the social problems they have ignored. Therefore, this paper analyzes how the character setting and formative symbolism in "The Willoughbys" raise awareness of social agendas. The previous studies found that the modern society needs to be aware of child abuse and various types of family, and examined that color and formativeness of animation induce psychological and behavior change from the audience. The work shows emotional abuse and neglect as characters, and presents the subdivided form of the family. The rainbow symbolizes diverse family members. The agents with visual characteristics express the modern principle-based secondary perpetrator along with apathetic neighbors to urge a change in audience perception. This paper insists the value of animation when it is essential to raise public awareness prior to the construction of a welfare society and support system.

• Atmosphere
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.207-221
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• 2022

In Jeju, on January 23, 2016, a cold surge accompanied by heavy snowfall with the most significant amount of 12 cm was the highest record in 32 years. During this period, the temperature of 850 hPa in January was the lowest in 2016. Notably, in 2016, the average surface temperature of January on the Polar cap was the highest since 1991, and 500 hPa geopotential height also showed the highest value. With this condition, the polar vortex in the northern hemisphere meandered and expanded into the subtropics regionally, covering the Korean Peninsula with very high potential vorticity up to 7 Potential Vorticity Unit. As a result, the strong cold advection, mostly driven by a northerly wind, around the Korean Peninsula occurred at over 2𝜎. Previous studies have not addressed this extreme synoptic condition linked to polar vortex expansion due to the unprecedented Arctic warming. We suggest that the occurrence of a strong Ural blocking event after the abrupt warming of the Barents/Karas seas is a major cause of unusually strong cold advection. With a specified mesoscale model simulation with SST (Sea Surface Temperature), we also show that the warmer SST condition near the Korean Peninsula contributed to the heavy snowfall event on Jeju Island.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.67-90
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• 2022

The March 2022 presidential election held at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic drew flak for undermining the principle of universal suffrage by failing to guarantee properly the voting rights of confirmed and quarantined persons. Guaranteeing their voting rights requires thinking about e-voting that can fundamentally overcome the temporal and spatial limitations of current paper voting polling stations. The question is how to deal with the increased possibility of contradicting or violating the principles of equality and direct and secret suffrage due to the expansion of universal suffrage. In order to obtain implications for this, we looked at the case of Estonia, which has been holding 11 national elections without any problems since the introduction of e-voting in 2005. Estonia was successfully building trust in the system, government, and society through the institutionalization and routinization of the overall socio-technical system of e-voting, along with political and constitutional agreements on the principles of elections. Therefore, we should not only consider the possibility of e-voting in terms of technological development and level but also discuss the establishment of trust by mediating conflicts between election principles from a normative point of view to reach a social consensus.