• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.124-135
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• 2011

The capacity of bearings installed at abutments and piers for continuous bridges is usually determined by the magnitude of the maximum vertical reaction at each support and the capacity of bearings placed at piers is higher than that at abutments. In this study, the possibility of the improved seismic performance of base-isolated continuous skew bridges was investigated by analysing the variation of the seismic behavior of them according to three arrangements of bearings. Based on the conventional arrangement of bearings(Case A), three arrangements of bearings such as Case A, Case B and Case C were selected considering the variation of the horizontal stiffness of the lead rubber bearing(LRB) installed at the pier. The seismic behavior of the total 36 skew bridges was investigated by conducting the response spectrum analysis using the hybrid response spectrum considered the effect of LRB's damping. Results of analyses show that a more desirable seismic behavior of base-isolated continuous skew bridges can be obtained by reducing the magnitude of the horizontal stiffness of LRB placed at the pier to similar to or less than that of LRB installed at abutments. The variation of LRB's stiffness at the pier brings about period elongation and the change of mode shapes of base-isolated skew bridges and results in the reduction of the total base shear, the maximum base shear at the pier and the girder stresses. Although positive effects on the seismic behavior of base-isolated skew bridges caused by the change of arrangement of bearings decreased slighty with an increase in the flexibility of the substructure, the proposed arrangements of bearings bring about the improved seismic performance of base-isolated continuous skew plate girder bridges with less than 10m height of piers.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Due to the introduction of various IT devices, including the recently smartphones and the widespread use of the car navigation system to the location-based information service space has been increased. Spatial information users have been requiring higher levels of quality. In this paper, we study how to build accurate three-dimensional space information by integrating MMS(Moblie Mapping System) survey and airborne survey data. Thus, to analyze the tendency of deviation between the MMS survey and airborne survey data observed in the experimental region, the deviation tendency of the data, it was confirmed that was not consistent. Deviation correction model to select how to change the georeferencing information directly contained in the GPS/INS processing results for the determination, classifies the standard is a method for acquiring the correction reference point coordinates using the calibration model, and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages. With the information of the reference point obtained by airborne photograph of a project, using the method of correcting the MMS survey data. Not only clear the deviation existing between the MMS survey data, it was possible to confirm that the deviation exists between the airborne survey data and MMS survey data was also almost erased.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2020

The wind turbine blades should be designed to possess a high stiffness and should be fabricated with a light and high strength material because they serve under extreme combination of lift and drag forces, converting kinetic energy of wind into shaft work. The goal of this study is to understand the basic knowledge required to curtail the process time consumed during the construction of small wind turbine blades using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) prepeg composites. The configuration of turbine rotor was determined using the QBlade freeware program. The fluid dynamics module simulated the loads exerted by the wind of a specific speed, and the stress analysis module predicted the distributions of equivalent von Mises stress for representing the blade structures. It was suggested to modify the shape of test specimen from ASTM D638 to decrease the variance in measured tensile strengths. Then, a series of experiments were performed to confirm that the bladder compression molded CFRP prepreg can provide sufficient strength to small wind turbine blades and decrease the cure time simultaneously.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

This paper proposes the effective edge selection algorithm for the rapid processing time and low memory usage of efficient graph-based image segmentation on mobile device. The graph-based image segmentation algorithm is to extract objects from a single image. The objects are consisting of graph edges, which are created by information of each image's pixel. The edge of graph is created by the difference of color intensity between the pixel and neighborhood pixels. The object regions are found by connecting the edges, based on color intensity and threshold value. Therefore, the number of edges decides on the processing time and amount of memory usage of graph-based image segmentation. Comparing to personal computer, the mobile device has many limitations such as processor speed and amount of memory. Additionally, the response time of application is an issue of mobile device programming. The image processing on mobile device should offer the reasonable response time, so that, the image segmentation processing on mobile should provide with the rapid processing time and low memory usage. In this paper, we demonstrate the performance of the effective edge selection algorithm, which effectively controls the edges of graph for the rapid processing time and low memory usage of graph-based image segmentation on mobile device.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.96-96
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• 1999

CdTe는 일반적으로 광전 소자나 Xtjs 및 λ선 감지 소자로서 많은 연구가 되어지고 있는 물질이다. 특히 적외선 감지 소자로 쓰이고 있는 HgCdTe 물질의 기판으로서도 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이러한 여러 가지 목적으로 사용함에 있어서 CdTe 내에 가지고 있는 여러 가지 불순물에 의한 영향으로 각종 결함밴드들이 형성됨으로서 소자로서의 응용에 많은 지장을 주고 있다. 이러한 이유로 여러 가지 방법으로 불순물 및 결합에 의한 준위에 관한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 MBE 법으로 성장된 In 도핑된 CdTe 박막의 광학적 성질을 관찰하기 위하여 수소화 및 열처리를 하여 PL 법을 이용하여 관찰하여 보앗다. 열처리는 Cd 분위기의 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 5시간 동안 수행하였으며 수소화는 rf plasma 장치를 이용하여 8$0^{\circ}C$에서 50mW/c2의 출력으로 1시간동안 수행하여 주었다. 열처리한 시료의 경우 PL 신호는 갓 성장한 시료와 비교하여 깊은 준위에 관련된 신호들만 변화가 있었을뿐 그리 큰 변화가 있지는 않았다. 그러나 수소화시킨 시료의 경우 전체적으로 피크의 크기가 5배정도 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있었는데 이것은 수소에 의하여 passivation된 효과로 볼 수 있다. 정량적인 passivation 효과를 보기 위하여 온도의존성 PL 측정을 하여 보았다. 측정에서 관측된 (D,h) emission lines의 FWHM을 비교하여 본 결과 FWHM 온도가 증가함에 따라 선형적으로 증가하는 것이 아니라 급격한 증가를 q이는 구간을 관착할 수 있었다. 이것은 CdTe내에 존재하는 전하를 띠고 있는 주게와 받게의 결합의 결과로 나타나는 현상으로 보여진다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 얕은 준위에 있는 주게 불순물의 농도를 계산해 보았고 Hall 측정을 얻은 결과와 비교하여 보았다.판단된다. 따라서 이 기술은 기존의 광소자 제작을 위한 IFVD 방법의 문제점을 해결할 뿐만 아니라 결정 재성장 없이 도일한 기판상에 국부적으로 상이한 bandgap 영역을 만들 수 있기 때문에 광소자 제작에 적극 이용될 수 있다.나지 않았으며 BST 박막에서는 약 1.2V의 C-V이력현상이 보였다.를 이용하였으며, 이온주입후 열처리 온도에 따른 활성화 정도의 관찰을 위하여 4-point probe와 Hall measurement를 이용하였다. 증착된 다결정 SiGe의 두게를 nanospec과 SEM으로 분석한 결과 Gem이 함량이 적을 때는 높은 온도에서의 증착이 더 빠른 증착속도를 나타내었지만, Ge의 함량이 30% 되었을 때는 온도에 관계없이 일정한 것으로 나타났다. XRD 분석을 한 결과 Peak의 위치가 순수한 Si과 순수한 Ge 사이에 존재하는 것으로 나타났으며, ge 함량이 많아짐에 따라 순수한 Ge쪽으로 옮겨가는 경향을 보였다. SEM, ASFM으로 증착한 다결정 SiGe의 morphology 관찰결과 Ge 함량이 높은 박막의 입계가 다결정 Si의 입계에 비해 훨씬 큰 것으로 나타났으며 근 값도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 포유동물 세포에 유전자 발현벡터로써 사용할 수 있음으로 post-genomics시대에 다양한 종류의 단백질 기능연구에 맡은 도움이 되리라 기대한다.다양한 기능을 가진 신소재 제조에 있다. 또한 경제적인 측면에서도 고부가 가치의 제품 개발에 따른 새로운 수요 창출과 수익률 향상, 기존의 기능성 안료를 나노(nano)화하여 나노 입자를 제조, 기존의 기능성 안료에 대한 비용 절감 효과등을 유도 할 수 있다. 역시 기술적인 측면에서도 특수소재 개발에 있어 최적의 나노 입자 제어기술 개발 및 나노입자를 기능성 소재로 사용하여 새로운 제품의 제조와 고압 기상 분사기술의 최적화에 의한 기능성 나노 입자 제조 기술을 확립하고 2차 오염 발생원인 유

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.229-229
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• 1999

교류형 플라즈마 방전 표시기(AC Plasma Display Panel, AC PDP)의 구동에서의 방전 현상은 기입방전, 유지방전, 소거 방전이 있다. 이중 유지 방전은 표시장치로서의 휘도와 계조의 표현을 위한 방전으로 표시기로서의 효율을 결정하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 유지 방전 전압의 상승 시간의 변화에 따른 방전현상과 휘도, 효율의 변화를 살펴 보았다. 방전 현상에서의 가장 큰 변화는 교류형 플라즈마 방전 표시기의 방전 개시 전압과 방전 유지 전압의 변화이다. 유지 전압의 상승시간이 증가할수록 방전 개시 전압과 방전 유지 전압의 변화이다. 유지 전압의 상승 시간이 증가할수록 방전 개시 전압과 방전 유지 전압의 차(sustain margin)는 감소하여 상승 시간이 1$\mu$s/100V 이상의 영역에서는 방전 개시 전압과 방전 유지 전압이 차이가 없어지게 된다. 이는 방전 유지 전극 위의 유전체에 쌓이게 되는 벽전하(wall charge) 양의 감소에 의한 방전 약화의 영향을 보여질 수 있다. 그러나 방전 유지 전압의 형태와 전류의 시간적인 변화를 살펴보면 이러한 약한 방전은 벽전하의 감소에 의한 방전 시의 전계 감소보다는 방전 전류의 발생 시간이 방전 전압이 증가하여 최고점에 이르지 못한 시간에 위치하여 방전이 형성될 때의 전계가 강하지 못하기 때문인 것을 알 수 있다. 방전 전류를 측정한 결과에 의하면 방전 전류의 시작은 변위 전류가 흐르고 난 후부터 시작되며 그 결과 방전 전류가 최고점에 도달하는 시간은 방전 전압 상승 시간이 길어질수록 낮은 전압에서 형성되게 된다. 또한 방전 유지 전압의 상승 시간이 길어질수록 플라즈마 방전표시기의 휘도와 효율은 낮아지고 이 결과 또한 약한 전계에서의 방전에 의한 결과로 생각되어진다.플라즈마의 강도값을 입력하여 플라즈마의 radiation을 검출하고, 스퍼터링 공정중 실질적인 in-situ 정보로 이용하였다. PEM을 통하여 In/Sn의 플라즈마 강도변화를 조사하였다. 초기 In/Sn의 플라즈마 강도(intensity)는 강도를 100하여, 산소를 주입한 결과, plasma intensity가 35 줄어들었고, 이때 우수한 ITO 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. Pulsed DC power를 사용하여 아크 현상을 방지하였다. PET 상에 coating 된 ITO 박막의 표면저항과 광투과도는 4-point prove와 spectrophotometer를 이용하여 분석하였고, AES로 박막의 두께에 따른 성분비를 확인하였다. ITO 박막의 광투과도는 산소의 유량과 sputter 된 In/Sn ion의 plasma emission peak에 따라 72%-92%까지 변화하였으며, 저항은 37$\Omega$/$\square$ 이상을 나타내었다. 박막의 Sn/In atomic ratio는 0.12, O/In의 비율은 In2O3의 화학양론적 비율인 1.5보다 작은 1.3을 나타내었다.로 보인다.하면 수평축과 수직축의 분산 장벽의 비에 따라 cluster의 두께비가 달라지는 성장을 볼 수 있었고, 한 축 방향으로의 팔 넓이는 fcc(100) 표면의 경우 동일한 Ed+Ep값에 대응하는 팔 넓이와 거의 동일한 결과가 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 비대칭적인 모양을 가지는 성장의 경우도 cluster 밀도, cluster 모양, cluster의 양 축 방향 길이 비, 양 축 방향의 평균 팔 넓이로부터 각 축 방향의 분산 장벽을 얻어낼 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 기대할 수 있는 여러 장점들을 보고하고자 한다.성이 우수한 시

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2020

With the fast development in wireless communications and vehicular technologies, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have enabled to deliver data between vehicles. Recently, VANETs introduce a Vehicular Cloud (VC) model for collaborating to share and use resources of vehicles to create value-added services. To construct a VC, a vehicle should search vehicles that intend to provide their own resource. The single-hop search cannot search enough provider vehicles due to a small coverage and non-line-of-sights of communications. On the other hand, the multi-hop search causes very high traffics for large coverage searching and frequent connection breakages. Recently, many Roadside Units (RSUs) have been deployed on roads to collect the information of vehicles in their own coverages and to connect them to Internet. Thus, we propose a RSU-aided vehicular resource search and cloud construction mechanism in VANETS. In the proposed mechanism, a RSU collects the information of location and mobility of vehicles and selects provider vehicles enabled to provide resources needed for constructing a VC of a requester vehicle based on the collected information. In the proposed mechanism, the criteria for determining provider vehicles to provide resources are the connection duration between each candidate vehicle and the requester vehicle, the resource size of each candidate vehicle, and its connection starting time to the requester vehicle. Simulation results verify that the proposed mechanism achieves better performance than the existing mechanism.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.62-70
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• 2009

A field soil highly contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (JP-8 and diesel fuels) was employed for its remediation by a lab-scale thermal desorption process. The soil was collected in the vicinity of an underground storage tank in a closed military base and its contamination level was as high as 4,476 ppm as total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). A lab scale directly-heated low temperature thermal desorption (LTTD) system of 10-L capacity was developed and operated for the thermal treatment of TPH contaminated soils in this study. The desired operation temperature was found to be approximately $200-300^{\circ}C$ from the thermal gravimetric analysis of the contaminated field soils. The removal efficiencies higher than 90% were achieved by the LTTD treatment at $200^{\circ}C$ for 10 min as well as at $300^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. As the water content in the soils increased and therefore they were likely to be present as lumps, the removal efficiency noticeably decreased, indicating that a pre-treatment such as field drying should be required. The analysis of physical and chemical properties of soils before and after the LTTD treatment demonstrated that no significant changes occurred during the thermal treatment, supporting no needs for additional post-treatments for the soils treated by LTTD. The results presented in this study are expected to provide useful information for the field application and verification of LTTD for the highly contaminated geo-environment.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.147-163
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine how horse-riding exercise would be effective on the stroke patients' muscle thickness of lower extremity. The 30 stroke patients who were hospitalized in a hospital located in G metropolitan city were selected for this study. These subjects were randomly placed in a horse-riding exercise group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The horse-riding exercise group received three 20-minute exercises a week for a total of 6 weeks. An ultrasound imaging equipment was used to measured The thicknesses of the rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and gluteus medius (GM). After the completion of a 6-week exercise program, same measurement was conducted for all study subjects. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test and independent t-test to determine the statistical significance. As a result, muscle thickness was significantly differentiated before and after the intervention in each group. The thicknesses of all the four muscles significantly increased after exercise in the horse-riding exercise group. The thicknesses of the RF, GM, and TA significantly increased after exercise in the control group. In conclusion, horse-riding exercise increased the thickness of the lower extremity skeletal muscles by stabilizing the knees and activating the extensor muscles of the lower extremities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.310-316
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• 2019

In automotive application, customers are demanding high efficiency and various functions for convenience. The demand for these automotive applications is steadily increasing. In this study, it has been studied the analysis of heat flow to improve the PCB(printed circuit board) heating performance of WPC (wireless power charger) recently developed for convenience. The charging performance of the wireless charger has been reduced due to power dissipation and thermal resistance of PCB. Therefore, it has been proposed optimal PCB design, layout and position of electronic parts through the simulation of heat flow analysis and PCB design was analyzed and decided at each design stage. Then, the experimental test is performed to verify the consistency of the analysis results under actual environmental conditions. In this paper, The PCB modeling and heat flow simulation in transient response were performed using HyperLynx Thermal and FloTHERM. In addition, the measurement was performed using infrared thermal imaging camera and used to verify the analysis results. In the final comparison, the error between analysis and experiment was found to be less than 10 % and the heating performance of PCB was also improved.