• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-111
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• 1992

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1001-1034
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• 2008

This thesis is a study composed of eight chapters from 9. to 16. of the Maek Kyoung(脈經) Vol. VIII. ; the symptom & the pulse of Jaundice(黃疸), Malarial Disease(?疾). Carbuncle(癰腫) Intestines Carbuncle(腸癰), & c. It is as follows : Chapter 9 refers to the symptom, pulse, treatment and prognosis of Jaundice(黃疸) and Malarial Disease(?疾). Chapter 10 refers to the cause, symptom, pulse and treatment of Cardialgia(胸痺), Cardiagra(心痛) and Nephric Accumulation(賁豚). Chapter 11 refers to the symptom, pulse and treatment of Abdominal Fuliness(腹滿), Cold Mounting(寒疝) and Abiding Food(宿食). Chapter 12 refers to the symptom and pulse of Accumulation and Mass of the Five Viscera(五臟積聚). Chapter 13 refers to the cause, pathogenesis, symptom, pulse, treatment and prognosis of Terror and Palpitation due to Fright(驚悸), Hematemesis(吐血), Nasal Hemorrhage(?血), Metrorrhagia(下血) and Extravasated Blood(瘀血). Chapter 14 refers to the cause, pathogenesis, symptom, pulse and treatment of Vomiting(嘔吐), Hiccough(?) and Diarrhea(下利). Chapter 15 refers to the cause, pathogenesis, symptom, pulse and treatment of Atrophy of Lung(肺?), Pulmonary Abscess(肺癰), Lung-distention(咳逆上氣) and Phlegm(痰飮). Chapter 16 refers to the cause, pathogenesis, symptom, pulse. treatment and prognosis of Carbuncle(癰腫), Intestines Carbuncle(腸癰), Wound(金瘡) and Acute Eczema(侵淫瘡). There have been abundant investigations in China. But we couldn't find a clear result yet, and they were written in archaic texts and colloquial Chinese, therefore it is needed to be translated into Korean. And there was only one inaccurate translation with insufficient annotation. So I hope this study will be useful to develope Oriental Medical Diagnostics.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.93-107
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• 1990

Studies on diagnosis and treatment of tumor . abscess . ulcer in intestinal carbuncle were carried out. The result of studies were summerized as follows: 1. By Nai-Gyung carbuncle-tumor arose from disharmony between nutrient and defensive because of cold, abscess arose from fever victory between cold and fever, ulcer arose from decreasing function of Bi-Kam year. By latter literature Bi-Kam year could be interpreted that spleen stomach was invaded evil influence from unattainable vital force of the earth. 2. Sites of intestinal carbuncle were large intestine, small intestine, intestinal inside or outside between large and small intestine, Intestinal carbuncle was common name of a disease about large intestinal carbuncle, small intestinal carbuncle, pelvic intestinal carbuncle, shrink leg intestinal carbuncle etc.. Pain appeared Chunchu-Hyul in large intestinal carbuncle, and Gwanweon-Hyul in small intestinal carbuncle. 3. On abdominal diagnosis tumor had indistinct pain of Gwanweon Chunchu, edema and heary feeling in low abdomen, no excessive pain by hand press and intestinal boiling sound. In abscess pain descended from right side of low abdomen to huckle, and there was rejection against press, feeling about fever,water sound with flank movement. In ulcer hand approach was difficult since excessive pain diffuse to whole abdomen, and perforating ulcer sometimes caused a serious symptom of umbilical pus. 4. On fecal and urinary diagnosis in tumor urine was yellowish red pollakiuria like gonorrhoea and occasional constipation. In abscess uncomfortable rough pain short red early urine like gonorrhoea appeared during urination, and constipation with stinging pain appeared during defecation. In ulcer red rough pyuria appeared, and stinging and pain with puruloid blood appeared during defecation. 5. On treatment in tumor Daiwhang-Tang Daisenggi-Tang Dangui-Jun by dissipation method, calming down method, interior reliance maturation method, in abscess Mokdan-San Euiiin-Tang Jeokduiin-Tang by the method of water repelling pus discharge, acute breaking, in ulcer Takridanggui-Tang Paljin-Tang Bojungikki-Tang were each used by the method of interior reliance, virulence astriction, supplement vital force and blood, supplement spleen stomach. 6. On treatment patient may have to be careful of excessive moving and suprising anxiety. Abuse of acupuncture and moxibustion made patient worse, misuse of analgesics purgative intestinal irrigation etc. could provoke difficult diagnosis and perforation. So you must treat after exact diagnosis. 7. Prognosis of ease tumor ease abscess ease ulcer and ease astriction was good. If the intestinal carbuncle were not to promote to abscess and ulcer for a long time, its prognosis was bad and it could metastasize to cancer because of dark purple with hardness. So tumor abscess ulcer in intestinal carbuncle may be significant of precancerous lesion.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1235-1243
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• 2015

Hwangheuk-san (HHS) is a Korean multi-herb formula comprising four medicinal herbs. HHS, which was recorded in “Dongeuibogam,” has been used to treat patients with inflammation syndromes and digestive tract cancer for hundreds of years. However, little is known about its anti-tumor efficacy. The present study investigated the pro-apoptotic effect and mode of action of HHS against AGS human gastric carcinoma cells. HHS inhibited the cell growth of AGS cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies, chromatin condensation, and an accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase. HHS-induced apoptotic cell death was associated with the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein expression, down-regulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein, and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. The treatment of AGS cells with HHS significantly elevated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, apoptosis-inducing concentrations of HHS induced the activation of both caspase-9 and -8, initiator caspases of the mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic and death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathways, respectively, and caspase-3, accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase. However, ROS scavenger and pan-caspases inhibitor significantly blocked HHS-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that HHS induces apoptosis through ROS- and caspase-dependent mechanisms and that HHS may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human gastric cancer.