• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2002

This is a 20 year analysis of the problems associated with enterostomy formation, and closure. Forty-three stomas were established in 43 patients: 23 for anorectal malformations, 11 for Hirschsprung's diseases, 4 for necrotizing enterocolitis, 3 for multiple ileal atresias, 1 for volvulus neonatorum with perforation, and 1 for diaphragmatic hernia with colon perforation. Thirty boys and 13 girls were included (mean age 4.8 months). Stoma complications were encountered in 13 patients (30.2 %): stomal prolapse, stenosis, obstruction, paracolic hernia, retraction, dysfunction, and skin excoriation, Four patients (9.3 %) required stomal revision. Occurrence of complications was not related to age and primary disease, but sigmoid colostomy showed lower complication rate than transverse colostomy (20.0 % vs 42.9 %, p<0.05). There were five deaths but, only one (2.3 %) was directly related to the enterostomy complication. Twenty-one stomas were closed in our hospital and complications occurred in seven patients (33.3 %). The most common complication was wound sepsis in 5 children. In conclusion, because the significant morbidity of stomal formation still exists, refinements of the surgical technique seem to be required, Sigmoid loop colostomy is preferred whenever possible.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.705-717
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• 1998

Ostomates have suffered from many difficulties due to their physical, psychosocial handicaps and changes of life style to include ostoma management that influences their daily and quality of life. An appropriate nursing education for ostoma management is very important. Practical educational materials needs revision because those were developed by pharmaceutical companies and hospital institutions. The purpose of this study is to provide more practical and reasonable education materials for ostomates by doing analysis and survey of educational materials now being used. We surveyed 8 types of educational materials used in 23 university hospitals and medical centers in Seoul ; four of them were developed by department of nursing and the remainder by an Ostomy Company Data, collected from July 14, 1997 through July 31, 1997 were analyzed. The results are as follows ; 1. The analysis of education guide, on ostomate included 14 subcategories : introduction, structure and function of gastrointestinal tracts, definition of stoma, types of ostomy, definition of peristalsis, methods of defecation management, selection of instrument, resolution of problems and general situations following surgery, daily life, where to ask for help, explanations for terms, information about where to buy instrument, explanations for enterostomal therapist, a matter of consultation with doctor, etc. 2. Introduction contained specific contents on practical ostomate management that ostomates would experience through their lives. Ostomate education guides were developed 3 hospitals except one which missed this point. 3. Most ostomate education guides, except one hospital, helped ostomates to understand their physical structure changes with specific explanations on gastrointestinal tracts with figures. 4. Six institutions did not talk about the definition of peristalsis. 5. All institutions, except two, helped ostomates to understand types of ostomy with figures. 6. More detailed explanations on natural defecation are needed. The benefits and pitfalls of natural defecation should be more specified. 7 No psychosocial difficulties of ostomy management were addressed. 8. The efficiency of enema can be better understood through all explanations with figures. Some institutions did not mention items about definition, benefits, pitfalls of enema, sequency of enema, how to wash, cautions performing and enema, skin management, cleaning instrument after enema proper time to spend. 9. There were no detailed contents and what to do in case of not being able to do enema. 10. Only one educational material mentioned emotional aspects after the surgrey. 11. Most institutions explained subcategory of daily life but did not provide specific contents on the difficulties of physical, psychological, and sociocultural controls. 12. The subcategory of ureterostomy education guides included explanations on normal structure and function of urinary tracts, types of ureterostomy, how to manage skin, usage and types of instrument, commercial urostomy, how to manage instrument, daily life, introduced the general contents. However, more specific explanations were needed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.374-383
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• 2018

This study was conducted to compare the unmet needs and quality of life of permanent and temporary ostomates. The research subjects were 128 ostomates with colorectal cancer or other advanced cancers. Data were collected by self-reported completion of the Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool in Cancer (CNAT) and the City of Hope Quality of Life (COH-QOL) Ostomy Questionnaire from February 1 to April 5, 2018. Collected data were analyzed by chi-squared and independent t-tests using IBM SPSS 21.0. The results showed that the unmet need for temporary ostomates was significantly higher than that of permanent ostomates (t=-2.284, P=0.024). Moreover, temporary ostomates showed a higher unmet need for information and education (t=-2.747, p=0.007), psychological problems (t=-2.578, p=0.011), and physicians (t=-2.599, p=0.010). Although quality of life of temporary ostomates seems lower than that of permanent ostomates, there was no significant difference between groups (t=-1.364, P=0.0175). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a self-management program to provide appropriate information and psychological support for temporary ostomates.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.412-418
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• 2013

To study the positioning error according to the use of belly board and body mass index (BMI) for rectal cancer radiotherapy, a retrospective study was conducted on 114 patients from January 2012 to March 2013. The median age of the patients was 58 (29-83 years), mean BMI was $23.35kg/m^2$ ($16.55-31.15kg/m^2$), 31 patients used belly board and 83 did not use belly board. There were a total of 527 AP & LAT images of treatment (EPID), and the mean and standard deviation of each X, Y, Z axis were $1.66{\pm}1.55mm$, $1.64{\pm}1.56mm$, and $1.99{\pm}1.75mm$, respectively. Based on the BMI of 24 or higher, error occurrence risk of higher or equal to 2mm on Z axis was 4.8 times higher compared to BMI of 24 or lower (p<0.001), and when BMI was 24 or higher in case the belly board was not used, the error occurrence risk of higher or equal to 2mm on the z-axis was 3.6 times higher (p<0.011). Radiation therapy for rectal cancer patients, using Belly Board for both the ones wearing fistula and with high BMI may be effective in decreasing the positioning errors.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the biochemical control rate and the rate of side effects after performing permanent brachytherapy of localized prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: 67 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with brachytherapy between April 2007 and December 2008. Of these, 43 patients who were followed up and did not receive external radiotherapy were evaluated for the change in prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and the occurrence of side effects. In total, 18 patients were classified as low risk, 19 patients as intermediate risk, and 6 patients as high risk. The prescription dose was 145 Gy. Results: A PSA increase greater than 2 ng/mL occurred in 2 patients (4.7%). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grade 1 and 2 acute urologic complications (UC) occurred in 40 and 3 patients, respectively. Further, 5 patients had RTOG grade 1 acute rectal complication (RC). The numbers of RTOG grade 1, 2, and 3 chronic UC were 1, 4, and 1, respectively. The numbers of RTOG grade 1, 2, and 4 chronic RC were 5, 10, and 3, respectively. The statistically significant risk factors (RF) of acute RC were the minimal dose in the most irradiated 0.1 cc volume ($D_{0.1cc}$, p=0.041) and absolute volume receiving 150% of the prescribed dose ($V_{150cc}$, p=0.038) in the entire rectum (ER). The percentage ($V_{100%}$, p=0.019) and absolute volume ($V_{100cc}$, p=0.047) in the involved rectum (IR) were also statistically significant. The RF of chronic RC were $V_{100%}$ (p=0.011) in the ER and the $D_{0.1cc}$ (p=0.049), $V_{100cc}$ (p=0.023) in the IR. The number of used seeds were related with acute UC (p=0.028). Conclusion: Permanent brachytherpy of localized prostate cancer showed a favorable short term biochemical control rate. As such, selective intermediate and high risk patients can be managed with permanent brachytherapy. The effort to reduce rectal complication is also necessary.