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우리나라의 모자보건사업 (여성과 어린이 건강문제와 증진방안)

  • Park Jeong-Han
    • 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2002.07b
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    • pp.3-17
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    • 2002
  • 국민건강은 국가발전의 기본조건이다. 국민건강은 건강한 어린이의 출산에서 비롯되고, 건강한 어린이의 출산을 위하여 여성이 건강해야 한다 따라서 여성과 어린이 건강보호와 증진을 위한 모자보건사업은 국가보건사업 중 최우선 사업으로 추진되어야 한다. 우리나라의 모자보건사업은 1960대부터 보건소를 통하여 가족계획, 산전관리, 안전분만유도, 예방접종을 중심으로 하였다. 1980년대에 들어와 전국민의료보험의 실현과 국민생활수준의 향상 등으로 산전관리 수진율과 시설분만율이 급격히 증가하여 1990년대 후반에는 거의 100%에 도달하였고, 가족계획실천율도 1991년에 79.4%까지 증가하여 합계출산율이 1.6으로 감소하였고, 어린이 기본예방접종률도 90%이상이 되어 전염병 발생률이 현저히 감소하였다. 전통적인 모자보건사업 관련 지표들이 이렇게 향상되자 일선 보건요원에서부터 중앙정부의 정책결정권자에 이러기까지 모자보건사업에 대한 관심도가 떨어져 중앙부처의 모자보건업무 담당 부서도 축소되고, 모자보건 사업도 쇠퇴하였다. 그러나 어린이와 여성의 건강실태를 자세히 들여다보면 심각한 문제들이 대두되고 있다. 시설 분만율의 증가에 따라 제왕절개분만율이 40%대까지 급증하였고, 모유수유률은 10%대로 떨어졌다. 어린이의 체격은 커지고 있으나 체력은 떨어지고, 비만한 어린이가 급증하여 당뇨병과 같은 성인병 유병률이 어린이들에게 증가하고, 사고에 의한 어린이 사망과 장애가 늘고 있다. 또한 청소년들의 흡연율과 음주률이 증가하고, 성적 성숙이 빨라지고 사회의 개방풍조로 성(性)활동 연령이 낮아지고 성활동이 증가하여 혼전임신과 성폭력이 증가하고 있다. 여성들은 일찍 단산하고, 폐경 연령은 높아지고, 평균수명은 길어져 중년기와 장년기 그리고 노년기가 길어져 각종 만성질환에 이환될 기회가 늘어났다. 이러한 시기의 중요 건강문제들은 뇌혈관질환, 폐암, 유방암, 골다공증, 뇨실금 등과 같이 해결하기 어려운 것들이다. 이렇게 어린이와 여성들에게 새로운 건강문제들이 대두되고 있으나 이에 대한 대응정책이 없었고, 따라서 새로운 모자보건사업이 개발되지 않았으며 일선 보건요원의 훈련도 없었다. 그리고 이러한 건강실태를 파악하여 대책을 마련하고, 보건사업을 평가할 수 있는 보건정보체계가 없는 실정이다. 1990년대 중반에 소수의 학자들이 어린이와 여성건강문제의 심각성을 제기하고, 모자보건사업 활성화의 필요성을 주장하여 보건복지부가 '모자보건선도보건사업'이라는 이름으로 1999년부터 2001년까지 3년간 23개 보건소에서 시범사업을 시행하였다. 이 시범사업에서는 한정된 자원으로 여성과 어린이 보건문제를 효과적으로 해결하기 위해 새로운 보건사업의 개발과 효율적으로 수행하는 방법의 개발에 역점을 두어 많은 성과를 거두었다. 시범사업의 경험을 바탕으로 2002년에는 전국의 45개 보건소로 확대해나가고 있다. 모자보건선도보건사업에서는 임산부가 대상이었던 기존의 모자보건사업과는 달리 신생아, 영유아, 학동기 어린이, 청소년, 그리고 신혼부부에서부터 장년기 여성에 이르기까지 사업대상을 확대하고 생애주기에 따라 지역사회 건강문제해결을 목표로 한 보건사업을 수행하도록 하였다. 사업수행 과정에서 보건소는 지역내 대학과 협력체계를 구축하여 기술적 지원을 받고, 보건요원의 교육 훈련을 통해 사업기획 능력과 전문지식과 기술을 향상시켰고, 보건교육에 필요한 시설과 장비를 구입하였고, 민간의료기관과 연계하여 보건서비스의 질을 향상시켰다. 모자보건 선도보건소에서 제공하는 서비스는 취약계층 중심의 보건교육, 상담 및 지도, 고위험대상자 조기발견 및 민간기관 의뢰 및 주구관리, 질병 조기발견을 위한 검진 의뢰, 지역 보건통계 생산과 관리, 그리고 지역내 가용자원 안내 등이며, 저소득층에 대해서는 민간의료기관에 의뢰 또는 검진비용을 지원하였다. 이와 같이 지역사회 민간기관과 협력체계를 구축함에 따라 대상자를 지속적으로 관리할 수 있는 정보를 공유하게 되었고, 건강증진 및 질병예방, 치료, 사후관리를 포함한 지속적이고 포괄적인 서비스를 제공할 수 있게 되었다. 특히 고위험 및 건강의심 대상, 임부와 장년기 여성에 대해서는 건강검진서비스를 과감히 민간기관에 의뢰, 위탁하친 보건소는 상담자, 정보관리자로서의 역할로 전환할 수 있었다. 그러나 사업관리자의 양적 평가에 대한 고정관념과 질적 평가에 대한 인식부족, 기본 생정통계와 정보체계의 미비로 인한 부정확한 통계생산, 사업요원의 전문지식과 기술 부족, 그리고 인력부족 등이 문제점으로 대두되었다. 효율적인 사업확산과 조기 정착을 위해 중앙정부의 일관성 있는 정책과 재정적 지원이 필수적이며, 보건정보체계확립, 그리고 공공보건기관과 민간의료기관간의 공식적인 협력체계확립이 필요하다. 사업추진 모니터링 및 평가, 조정을 위하여 중앙에 '모자보건 선도사업 기술지원단'을 구성하여 운영하고, 프로그램 운영이 잘되는 보건소를 특성화 보건소로 지원 육성하고, 사업요원의 업무 적정화를 위한 보건소 조직과 기존 보건사업체계의 평가와 재편이 필요하다. 보건사업요원의 자질 향상을 위한 지속적인 교육 훈련 시스템과 보건통계생산 관리를 위한 정보체계의 구축이 요구된다. 모자보건사업관련 보건교육자료를 수집하고 개발하여 전국 보건소에 공급하는 중앙 보건교육자료 및 정보센터가 필요하다.

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TRelationship between Oral Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Periodontal Disease in Middle and Older Adults According to Gender (성별에 따른 중·장년층의 구강건강행태, 만성질환과 치주질환의 연관성)

  • Hong, Min-Hee
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.11
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    • pp.403-410
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    • 2018
  • This study is to look at the risk of chronic diseases in adults and oral health behaviors affecting periodontitis by gender. This study selected 3,071 males aged 35 to 65, 4,273 females, and 7,344 people as the final subjects of the study using the sixth original data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey. In this study, subjective oral health classified under 'bad' presented 1.69 times(p<0.001) the risk of Periodontitis for males and 1.50 times(p<0.001) for females. There was a 2.01 times(p<0.001) of a risk of periodontitis for male and 1.40 times(p=0.001) of a risk for females. Smokers have a 1.68 times(p<0.001) of a risk for males and 2.07 times(p<0.001) of a risk for females, thus a higher risk for periodontitis for females. The risk of periodontitis was 1.44 times(p<0.001) of a risk for males and 1.30 times(p<0.05) for females when compared in normal hypertension. Obesity was at a rate of 1.199 times(p<0.05) as much for males in the non-military group, 1.202 times(p<0.05) that of females for periodontitis and putting females slightly more at risk. For diabetes, males were at risk of 1.28(p<0.05) whereas it being 1.53 times(p<0.05) for females, compared the average health female. In total, Males were found to be at the greatest risk of periodontitis, while women were at the highest risk for smoking. All parameters except smoking and diabetes show a higher risk of periodontitis for females. As males are more likely to have a higher risk of periodontitis than females, they are considered to be more interested in oral health care and need systematic oral health education and policies to prevent oral diseases.

The effect of restrictions on oral health-related activities of adults in Korea on quality of life: Using the 8th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (우리나라 성인의 구강건강 관련 활동 제한이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향: 국민건강영양조사 제8기 1차년도(2019)자료 활용)

  • Mi-Jeong Kim;Cha-Young Lim
    • Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.173-182
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    • 2023
  • Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of restrictions on oral health-related activities of young adults, middle-aged, and elderly in Korea on the quality of life and contribute to the development of intervention strategies to improve the quality of life by improving the importance of oral health care and healthy lifestyle habits of adults. Methods: The 8th National Health and Nutrition Survey was used, targeting adults categorized into three age groups: young adults aged 19 to 29, middle-aged adults aged 30 to 49, and prime-aged adults aged 50 to 64. Demographic characteristics and EQ-5D, HINT-8 and oral-related toothache experience, chewing problems, speaking problems, and complaint of discomfort to chew analyzed. T-test and one-way ANOVA were performed to find out the difference in quality of life according to the restrictions on oral activities of adults, and linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting the quality of life of adults. Results: The differences between EQ-5D and HINT-8 according to the restrictions on oral health-related activities of young, middle-aged, and prime-aged were statistically significant in all oral activity restriction variables(p ≦0.05). Factors affecting EQ-5D of all adults were statistically significant in all variables such as region, gender, household monthly income, education level, basic living status, economic activity, subjective oral health status, toothache experience, chewing problem, speaking problem, and complaint of discomfort to chew(p ≦0.05). Factors affecting HINT-8 of all adults were statistically significant in variables such as gender, household monthly income, education level, basic living status, economic activity, toothache experience, chewing, speaking, and complaint of discomfort to chew(p ≦0.05). Conclusions: Various measures are needed to improve the quality of life in old age by allowing adults to face physically, mentally, and socially prepared old age. Based on the results of this study, an adult oral health program should be developed to improve the oral health and quality of life of adults.

A study of refraction state of middle aged & manhood in Daegu (대구지역 중·장년층의 굴절상태 연구)

  • Choi, Gei-Hun
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.323-332
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    • 2004
  • This study researched the visual acuity test object and Auto-refractormeter, visual of near power. The object were composed of middle aged, the old men and women who in habit Daegu. The results were as follows : 1. The subjects consisted of 537 people, 29.98% men, 70.02% women. 2. The emmetropia was 1.12% for myopia, 2.79% for hyperopia, 96.09% for astigmatism. 3. The abnormal refraction was composition for myopic compound astigmatism(16.57%), hyperopia compound astigmatism(45.62%), Mixed astigmatism(33.89%). 4. On the Myopic Spherical Equivalent(S.E) power, the range of -0.50D ${\leq}$ M.S.E < -1.00D was 21.67%, -1.00D ${\leq}$ M.S.E < -2.00D was 48.89%, -2.00D ${\leq}$ M.S.E < -6.00D was 29.44%. 5. On the Hyperopic Spherical Equivalent(S.E) power, the range of +0.50D ${\leq}$ H.S.E < +1.00D was 28.57%, +1.00D ${\leq}$ H.S.E < +2.00D was 49.30%, +2.00D ${\leq}$ H.S.E < +6.00D was 23.13%. 6. The addition power was 1.00D(8.01%), 1.50D(8.57%), 2.00D(13.78%), 2.50D(16.57%), 3.00D(16.95%), 3.50D(17.88%), 4.00D(18.25%).

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Analysis on Life Condition and Needs for Welfare Service of Women with Disabilities in Adult in Gyeongbuk (경북 성인 여성장애인 생활실태와 서비스 욕구 분석)

  • Park, Ju-Young;Kim, Dong-Hwa
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.18 no.7
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    • pp.229-244
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was analyze life condition and needs for welfare service of women with disabilities in adult in Gyeongbuk. And to suggest ways to support effective. Method was conducted a questionnaire survey of 465 subjects. The results of this study was as follows: First, The women with disabilities in young adults was two generations, one children, high school graduate, spouseless, mental disabilities. Also, The needs for welfare services about economic activities and employment was high. Second, The women with disabilities in middle-age people was two generations, two children, high school graduate, spouse, physical or cerebral palsy disabilities. Also, The needs for welfare services about daily activity support, economic activities, employment and pregnancy, childbirth, childcare was high. Third, The women with disabilities in older adults was single-person household, three children, elementary school graduate, spouseless, physical or cerebral palsy disabilities. Also, The needs for welfare services about health and medical care was high. Finally, They needs support in economic activities, employment and daily activity support and pregnancy, childbirth, childcare, and health, medical care. Based on this, Suggestions for effective support were suggested.

Study on Entering Self-Employment of Young Workers (청년층의 자영업 진입에 관한 연구)

  • Shin, Jaeyoul;Kim, Jongsung
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.247-257
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    • 2020
  • In recent years, the proportion of youth's self-employed is steadily increasing, and government policy also actively encourages youth to become an entrepreneur. However, most of the domestic precedent studies on the self-employed labor market focus on the middle-aged and the elderly, and previous studies on the self-employed labor market of young people are hardly ever studied. Above all, the study that examines the factors of entry into self-employment of young people is not sufficient and researchers usually utilize the study about for all ages to explain the self-employment market of young people. However, because the young and middle-aged people differ in labor market conditions, family backgrounds, and the level of accumulation of human capital, separate explanations and theories are needed. Therefore, this study explored the factors of entry into self-employment by separating the age group from 15~29 years old. The data used in the analysis was the 9th to 20th data of the Korea Labor Panel Survey. The youth unemployment rate and employment rate were referred to the Economically Active Population Survey of Statistics Korea. The analysis subject was limited to young people who are currently performing economic activities, and the analysis method used multi-level logit model. The main results are summarized as follows. First, the lower the unemployment rate and the higher the employment rate, the younger people tend to enter their own businesses on the structural level. Second on the individual level, young people who possess enough financial capital or pursuit personal aptitude or interest tend to enter self-employment. However, there are no statistical effects of human capital and entrepreneur capital.

Risk Factors Associated with Cataract by in Middle-aged and Older Korean Adults (한국인의 장년층과 노년층의 백내장 위험 요인)

  • Kim, Hyojin
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.449-455
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: This study was found the risk factors of cataract by gender in elder and older Korean adults. Methods: We investigated the data for 5,024 (men 2,163 people, women 2,861 people) people, aged 40-95 years, from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We divided into two groups (group 1: 40-64 years, group 2: 65-94 years). We divided into two groups (group 1: 40-64 years, group 2: 65-94 years). Cataract was decided in case of at least one eye with lens opacity. We presented significant odds ratio (OR) increase of cataract according to the obesity and socioeconomic information including house income and education level after adjusting for diabetes, hypertension, high triglyceride, outside active, smoking and drinking habits in two groups with distinction of sex. Results: House income (or education) was strongly related to the prevalence of agerelated cataract in all groups. In models adjusting for all other related factors, cataract patients with lower income and education had a higher prevalence of cataract (group1: OR, 1.84[1.17-2.91], OR, 3.00[1.90-4.74], group 2: OR, 3.47[2.53-4.74], OR, 7.44[5.41-10.23] for men. In comparison, for women, cataract patients with lower income, lower education and obesity had a higher prevalence of cataract (group1: OR, 1.72[1.14-2.60], OR, 4.48[2.72-7.38], OR, 1.40[1.10-1.82], group 2: OR, 2.32[1.70-3.16], OR, 29.99[20.31-44.28], OR, 1.27[1.04-1.54]). Conclusions: Factors of low socioeconomic status were associated with age-related cataract in Korean. Obesity-cataract association was stronger in women.

Arthroscopic Evaluation on Intra-Articular Pathology in Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation Aged Over 40 Years (40세 이상 재발성 견관절 탈구 환자에서 관절내 병변에 대한 관절경적 연구)

  • Min, Woo-Kie;Kim, Ju-Eun;Cho, Hwan-Seong;Kim, Poong-Taek;Jeon, In-Ho
    • Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.215-220
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: This study is to analyze the prevalence of various intra-articular lesions in patients with traumatic recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder over 40 years and suggest clinical implications for treatment. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied 16 cases that underwent surgical treatment for recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder from January 2001 to May 2009. There were 9 males and 7 females, and the mean age was 52.7years. We carried out arthroscopic exam for all patients based on standard protocol, which included labrum, capular lesion, cuff, bony lesions. Results: All 16 cases showed Hill-Sachs lesion, 3 patients (19%) had bony Bankart lesion, 6 patients (38%) had labral tear. Capsular tear were found 15 patients (94%). Twelve (75%) had ruptured supraspinatus and 5 (31%) had subscapularis tear. Only one (6%) had SLAP lesion. Conclusion: There was relatively higher incidence of capsular and rotator cuff tears in patients over age 40 years. Preoperative planning to address these lesions is highly recommended.

Recognition of Personal Health Record (개인보건정보기록에 대한 인지도)

  • Bae, Se-Eun;Kim, Ha-Yeon;Son, Hyeon-S.;Rhee, Hyun-Sill
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.1703-1710
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    • 2011
  • Objectives: Using a PHR(Personal Health Record) is very important for the management of chronic disease and health. The young age group in this study was asked to pretend that they were members in the old age group (adult group here after) in order to investigate the recognition level differences in such conditions. Methods: We conducted face to face surveys with two age groups. 131 Adults and 398 University students, from May 11 to 22 in 2009. The questionnaires were composed of 18 items. Results & Conclusion: Adults replied more favorably than University students in using PHR willingness(University group 3.3score, Adults 3.7score) and recommendation(university 3.1score, Adults 3.8score). Adults liked paper PHR (63.2%), whereas, University students favored electronic Personal Health Record (71.1%). University students were highly concerned about disclosing the information(4.5score) of their PHR. They thought the appropriate time of education for PHR is high school or University degree. Therefore, in the future, it is vital that a PHR for young age group should be begun in early education and that an ePHR should be developed.

A Study of a Diet Improvement Method for Controlling High Sodium Intake Based on Protective Motivation Theory

  • Hahm, Tae-Shik;Choi, Sung-Hee;Lee, Tae-Yeon
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.89-93
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    • 2018
  • High sodium dietary habits may cause various diseases, thereby threatening the public health. Various efforts have been made to control high sodium use in diets, but few studies have been conducted on health communication efforts to modify such habits. This study looks for suggestions for diet improvement education by examining whether or not high sodium dietary habits can be predicted by a consumer's perception on the threat and controllability of high sodium diets. In this study, a questionnaire was developed to measure the severity, vulnerability, efficiency, efficacy, and behavioral tendencies of the consumer, which were subscales of the protective motivation theory. The questionnaire was given to university students and their families in Chungnam Province. The results of a statistical analysis were as follows: First, more young people preferred high-sodium diets than older people. Second, the correlation analysis showed that older people knew that they were vulnerable to the negative effects of high sodium diets, but they would not change their dietary habits until they were confident that they could control the high-sodium diet. Third, the structural model analysis showed that the higher the coping perception was, the lower was the tendency to consume a high-sodium diet. These results suggest that in the effort to reduce high-sodium diets, it is more effective to provide viable information and improve efficacy.