• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2024

The objective of this study is to estimate riverbed fluctuations and the volume of aggregate extraction attributable to climate change. Rainfall-runoff modeling, utilizing the SWAT model based on climate change scenarios, as well as long-term riverbed fluctuation modeling, employing the HEC-RAS model, were conducted for the Nonsan River basin. The analysis of rainfall-runoff and sediment transport under the SSP5-8.5 scenario for the early part of the future indicates that differences in annual precipitation may exceed 600 mm, resulting in a corresponding variation in the basin's sediment discharge by more than 30,000 tons per year. Additionally, long-term riverbed fluctuation modeling of the lower reaches of the Nonsan Stream has identified a potential aggregate extraction area. It is estimated that aggregate extraction could be feasible within a 2.455 km stretch upstream, approximately 4.6 to 6.9 km from the confluence with the Geum River. These findings suggest that the risk of climate crises, such as extreme rainfall or droughts, could increase due to abnormal weather conditions, and the increase in variability could affect long-term aggregate extraction. Therefore, it is considered important to take into account the impact of climate change in future long-term aggregate extraction planning and policy formulation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.415-422
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• 2001

Studies of atmospheric general circulation in the troposphere and stratosphere are very important to understand the influence of human activities on the global climate and its change. Recently, the existence of an annual cycle in the circulation has been reported by a number of studies. In this study, the residual mean meridional circulation is calculated by the TEM momentum and continuity equations for the period from December 1985 to November 1995 (10 years), and the long-term variations of the circulation and mass fluxes across the 100hPa surface are examined. The multiple regression statistical model is used to obtain quantitatively the long-term variations. This study is focused especially on mean meridional circulation in the troposphere and stratosphere associated with ENSO (El Ni${\tilde{n}}$o-Southern Oscillation) which is known as a cause of the unusual weather, global climate, and its change. The results show that the global scale troposphere-stratosphere mean meridional circulation is intensified during El Ni${\tilde{n}}$o event and QBO (quasi-biennal oscillation) easterly phase and weakened during La Ni${\tilde{n}}$o event and QBO westerly phase. The signal of Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption in June 1991 is obtained. Due to the volcanic eruption the global scale troposphere-stratosphere mean meridional circulation is abruptly intensified.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 1986

Clinically, subhypnotic doses of barbiturates have been known to elicit hyperalgesia. In this experiment, effect of acute or chronic phenobarital treatment on the response to pain in rat was reevaluated by hot-plate method. To elucidate its mechanism, changes of ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents and [3H]-morphine binding of the rat midbrain as well as functional opiate receptor in vas deferens were also measured. Intraperitoneal injection of sub anesthetic dose phenobarbital induced initial hyperalgesia followed by successive analgesia, while chronic phenobarbital-treatment decreased reactivity to pain. Naloxone (10mg/kg, i.p.) markedly shortened hot plate latency period, and significantly inhibited the analgesic action of phenobarbital. Single dose of phenobarbital did not affect ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents and [3H]-morphine binding in rat mid brain, but in the chronic phenobarbital-treated groups, ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents was increased, while Bmax of opiate receptor binding was decreased. Moreover, very significant correlations among responses to pain, changes of ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents and opiate receptor binding were observed. However, Kd values of opiate receptor bindings were not changed in all preparations. In the chronic phenobarbital-treated vas deferens preparations, ID50 of morphine was increased witb concomittant decrease of maximum effect. But $pA_2 $, value for naloxone was not changed. From these results, it is suggested that phenobarbital can produce analgesia due to changes of ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents as well as functional opiate receptors by receptor regulation.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.3-26
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• 2008

This article investigates the usefulness of the skewed Student-t distribution in modeling the long memory volatility property that might be present in the daily returns of two Australian financial series; the ASX200 stock index and AUD/USD exchange rate. For this purpose we assess the performance of FIGARCH and FIAPARCH Value-at-Risk (VaR) models based on the normal, Student-t, and skewed Student-t distribution innovations. Our results support the argument that the skewed Student-t distribution models produce more accurate VaR estimates of Australian financial markets than the normal and Student-t distribution models. Thus, consideration of skewness and excess kurtosis in asset return distributions provides appropriate criteria for model selection in the context of long memory volatility models in Australian stock and foreign exchange markets.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.338-338
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• 2011

금강살리기 사업은 장래 치수 및 물 부족 현상과 가뭄에 대비하여 용수 확보를 위해 금강 본류에 금남보, 금강보, 부여보 3개의 보를 건설하고 있다. 이러한 보의 건설은 하천의 흐름을 차단하여 토사퇴적에 많은 영향을 미치며 하상의 형상을 변화시킨다. 한 지점에서 하상재료 및 하상단면이 변화되면 하천 전 구간에 걸쳐 장기간의 하상변화를 일으키게 되며 이를 예측하고 분석하는 작업은 하천계획 및 관리를 효율적으로 수행하기 위해 매우 중요하다. 현재 금강에는 금강보가 건설중에 있으며 공사 후 보에 의해 상류로부터 하류로의 유사 유입이 차단되고 보 방류량이 인위적으로 조절되기 때문에 보 하류의 하상변동을 장기적이고 거시적인 관점에서 모니터링 하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 금강보 건설 기간 중 하상변동 및 퇴적 토사의 입도 변화양상을 조사하기 위해 보 상 하류에 모니터링 지점을 선정하였고, 하상단면 수심측정기를 이용하여 하상변동 모니터링과 5회에 걸쳐 현장의 토사시료를 채취하여 하상재료 입도분포를 분석하였다. 그 결과 금강보 상류 모니터링 지점은 하상침식에 의해 하상고의 평균높이가 0.29m 낮아졌고, 하류 모니터링 지점 역시 하상고의 평균 높이가 0.05m 낮아졌으며, 하상형상의 모습은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한, 5회에 걸쳐 하상재료를 채취하여 균등계수 및 곡률계수를 통해 입도분포를 분석한 결과 체가름시험 규정에 의해 5회 모두 '나쁜입도'로 분류 되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.204-204
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• 2022

하천 내에서 하상변동은 치수나 생태계에 직간접적인 영향을 끼치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하상변동의 예측을 위한 여러 가지 모델들이 존재하지만 하상변동의 양상을 직관적으로 파악하기에는 어려움이 있다. 최근 수행된 연구 결과에 따르면 하천의 수리 기하학적 형상이 부유사 농도와 유량과의 관계와 관련이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다(Kim et al., 2018). 본 연구에서는 수리기하(Hydraulic Geometry) 이론을 이용하여 하천의 형상에 따른 유사거동과의 상관관계를 통해서 하상의 장기적 변동성을 직관적으로 유추할 수 있는 기법을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 수리기하 이론에서의 수심과 폭을 나타내는 인자들을 이용하여 하천의 형상을 넓고 얕은 하천, 좁고 깊은 하천, 중간 정도의 하천으로 분류하였으며 흐름조건을 정상류와 부정류조건으로 분류하였다. 또한 하상경사와 하상재료의 입경 분포를 고려하여 자연하천에서 존재할 수 있는 다양한 하천형상에 대해 수치모의를 진행하였다. 기존의 Manning 공식에 수심, 유속만 고려한 것이 아닌 조도계수까지 고려하여 수리기하 이론을 접목시킴으로서 유속과 수심의 수리기하적 인자로 계산된 하상전단력의 수리기하적 인자가 수치모의를 통해 구한 값과 거의 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 하천의 형상이 넓고 얕을수록 수리기하 관계로 표현한 하상전단력 인자가 작은 값을 나타냈으며 수리기하 관계로 표현한 부유사농도인자와 하상전단력 인자가 비슷한 양상을 띄는 것이 확인되었다. 이를 통해 하천이 기하학적 형상으로부터 하상의 변동성을 유추할 수 있었다. 실제 하천에 대한 검증은 금강 수계에 있는 미호천과 갑천을 대상으로 수행하였다. 수리기하적으로 표현하였을때 갑천은 미호천에 비해 넓고 얕은 하천에 속하는데 현재까지 관측된 자료를 이용하여 두 하천의 하상변동량을 비교해본 결과 갑천이 미호천에 비해 변동량이 적었으며 이는 위의 내용과 일치한 결과를 나타냈다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2018

This study presents prediction and historical analysis of the long-term bed elevation change in the Mankyung-gang River. The study area is a 25 km long reach including middle and lower courses of the Mankyung-gang River. HEC-RAS program was used for numerical predictions, and values of roughness coefficients were calibrated. Then, predictions were made in the two periods, seven years from 1986 to 1993 and twelve years from 1993 to 2005. Simulation results were compared with two sets of measured data for bed elevations. Four sediment transport formulas, namely MPM's, Toffaleti's, MPM-Toffaleti's, and Yang's formula, were tested. Simulation results showed that none of the four sediment transport formulas predicted the bed elevation change in the period of 1986 - 1993. This is related to the fact that dredging work was performed in the upstream reach in the period of 1986 - 1993, and sediment was deposited in this part severely later. However, it was found that MPM-Toffaleti's formula predicted properly the bed elevation change for the period of 1993 - 2005.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.947-978
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• 2007

In this paper, we investigated a Value-at-Risk approach to the volatility of two crude oil markets (Brent and Dubai). We also assessed the performance of various VaR models (RiskMetrics, GARCH, IGARCH and FIGARCH models) with the normal and skewed Student-t distribution innovations. The FIGARCH model outperforms the GARCH and IGARCH models in capturing the long memory property in the volatility of crude oil markets returns. This implies that the long memory property is prevalent in the volatility of crude oil returns. In addition, from the results of VaR analysis, the FIGARCH model with the skewed Student-t distribution innovation predicts critical loss more accurately than other models with the normal distribution innovation for both long and short positions. This finding indicates that the skewed Student-t distribution innovation is better for modeling the skewness and excess kurtosis in the distribution of crude oil returns. Overall, these findings might improve the measurement of the dynamics of crude oil prices and provide an accurate estimation of VaR for buyers and sellers in crude oil markets.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.319-328
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• 2006

The relationships among long-term climate variation at the southern part of the Korean peninsula, oceanic conditions in the South Sea, Korea, and variation in the winter catch of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) were analyzed using 32 years of time-series data from 1971~2002. In the early 1990s, winter climatic conditions at the southern part of Korean peninsula shifted from a cool to a warm regime with higher air temperature, relative weak wind speed, and lower relative humidity. Also, the winter water temperature at 50 m depth became consistently higher in the South Sea. The annual winter catch of yellowtail in the South Sea increased dramatically in the early 1990s, as did that of anchovy, which is the major food organism for yellowtail. From the results of correlation analysis, we found that the winter catch of yellowtail was more closely related to the increasing of air temperature, water temperature and anchovy catch.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.290-291
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• 2008

황해 표층퇴적물중 입도(particle size), 비소(As), 카드뮴(Cd), 구리(Cu), 수은(Hg), 납(Pb) 및 아연(Zn) 등의 미량금속 농도변화를 파악하기 위해서 1998년부터 2006년까지 9개년의 조사분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 본 연구해역에서 전조사 기간동안 퇴적물의 입도와 미량금속 간에는 유의한 상관관계(P<0.001)를 보였으며, 퇴적물의 입도가 세립 할수록, 수심이 깊을수록 미량금속의 농도가 높은 전형적인 농도분포특성을 보였으며, 전 조사 성분의 농도는 조사해역의 중앙부에서 높은 농도를 보였다. 또한 조사 시기의 변동에 따른 농도 변화보다는 퇴적물의 입도에 따라 중금속농도가 유의하게 변화하는 특성을 나타내었으며, 이는 아마도 퇴적물의 퇴적속도가 매우 낮기 때문에 10여년간의 시간적 변동에 대한 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 보여진다.