• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.346-357
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• 2015

Purpose: This descriptive study was to examine uncertainty and performance of infection control in the VRE patients' caregivers. Methods: The participants were 82 caregivers who involved with the VRE patients care in D tertiary hospital in D metropolitan city. Data were analyzed with number, percentage, t-test, and ANOVA using SPSS/Win 21.0. Results: The participants' uncertainty was 56.99 and performance of infection control was 35.09. Performance of infection control was significantly different by age (F=121.38, p<.001), education (F=102.77, p<.001), relationship with the patient (F=17.80, p<.001), hours of caring per day (t=3.14, p=.002), and type of family (t=-8.65, p<.001). There was a significant negative correlation between participants' uncertainty and performance of infection control (r=-.96, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of the study will be used to develop nursing intervention program and standard protocol for infection control for the VRE patients' caregivers.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.373-377
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• 2009

From April 2008 to January 2009, a total 458 raw milk samples were randomly collected from 15 stock raising farms located in northern area of Kyunggi province and cultured for the presence of Enterococci spp. A total 170 enterococcal isolates were recovered from the raw milk samples. Enterococcus faecalis was predominant species recovered (64.7%), followed by E. faecium (18.8%), E. avium (5.9%), E. gallinarum (5.9%) and E. durans (4.7%). Antimicrobial resistance patterns of 170 Enterococci spp. against ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracyclin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and streptomycin were tested. According to the result, they showed high level resistance to erythromycin and streptomycin (82,9% and 93,5% respectively), moderately resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracyclin (50%, 45.9% and 32%, respectively) but fortunately, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin are still effective against this species.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.325-336
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors influencing compliance of multidrug-resistant organism infection control in intensive care units (ICU) nurses. Methods: Data were collected from 254 ICU nurses who were working at 6 general and advanced general hospitals in D city and G Province. Results: 77.2% and 84.4% of the subjects correctly answered to questions about Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE), respectively. The scores of MRSA infection control compliance and VRE infection control compliance were 3.41 and 3.43, respectively. The factors influencing MRSA infection control compliance were empowerment, environmental safety recognition, and education satisfaction, which explained 30% of MRSA infection control compliance. The factors significantly related to VRE infection control compliance were empowerment, hospital types, environmental safety recognition, number of education sessions, and neonatal ICU, which explained 37% of VRE infection control compliance. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop efficient educational programs for infection control including educational contents to improve empowerment and environmental safety recognition of nurses. Furthermore, administrative support for those infection control programs is also necessary.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.469-474
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the quality changes in Supraspinatus muscle of Hanwoo with different packaging methods, such as wrapped packaging (C), vacuum packaging (V) and modified atmosphere packaging (MA). These samples were stored for 25 days under $5^{\circ}C$. Each sample was evaluated for pH, volatile basic mitrogen (VBN) value, purge loss, hardness, meat color and microbial counts. From the results obtained, no significant differences were observed among treatments at the pH. The VBN values of MA were significantly lower than those of C. Also, MA was enhanced stability of meat color compared with other packaging methods during storage days. The purge loss was the most in the V samples, followed by the C and the MA was the lowest. Total bacteria counts of MA sample were significantly lower than those from C. Therefore, it has been concluded that MA could be used as an effective packaging since it extends the shelf life and improve the quality of Hanwoo supraspinatus m.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.136-141
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• 2009

Inactivation rates between enterococci and total coliforms were compared in order to find the suitability of enterococci as an indicator microorganism under various experiment conditions - freshwater and/or seawater, indoor and/or outdoor conditions. In case of indoor laboratory experiments, inactivation rates of enterococci ($k_D$: 0.050~0.082) were faster than those of total coliforms ($k_D$: 0.034~0.045) in freshwater matrix. In seawater matrix, however, survival rate of enterococci was longer than that of total coliforms at two out of three experiments in indoor condition. When incubated in outdoor conditions, enterococci were inactivated significantly more rapidly than total coliforms both in freshwater and seawater matrices. With these results, enterococci appear to be less suitable than total coliforms in terms of inactivation rates.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.122-133
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based education program on control vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections and to identify the effects of the program on knowledge and performance of nursing students. Methods: The web-based VRE infection control education program was developed by using the network-based instructional systems design model. The nursing students in the experimental group could access this web-based education program at any time, and as many times as they wanted, during the clinical training period. Effects were evaluated by assessing knowledge and performance of VRE infection control measures during the clinical training period. Results: The contents of the education program included diagnosis, transmission, and treatment of VRE, contact precautions, hand washing, personal protective equipment, environment management, and quizzes. The lecture portion was filmed in a virtual screen studio using flash animation, video, and sound effects, and it was uploaded on an internet site. The knowledge and performance scores of the experimental group after using the education program were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that the web-based VRE infection control education program is an effective educational method to enhance knowledge and performance of VRE infection control measures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.212-222
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of infection control education for families of patients infected with vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE). Method: Forty family members of VRE patients were chosen from a university hospital and assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group was provided infection control education that consisted of one-on-one instruction using an information booklet, hand-washing video, and demonstration of hand washing practice. Dependent variables were self-reported knowledge and performance of VRE infection control measures, and the number of hand washings when entering and leaving patients' rooms. Results: Knowledge and performance scores were significantly higher for the experimental group compared to the control group. The experimental group washed their hands significantly more often when entering and leaving patients' rooms than the control group. Conclusion: Infection control education for family members of VRE patients was effective in improving knowledge and performance of infection control measures as well as improving the practice of hand washing. Further investigation is needed on the effects of infection control education for families on the actual VRE colonization and/or infection rate.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.435-445
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to examine whether VRE infection control strategies have an effect on the decrease in incidence rates for VRE acquisition and VRE nosocomial infection in ICU. Methods: All the patients were examined for VRE carriers on ICU admission. Among them, patients hospitalized for over 48 hours were investigated for VRE acquisition rates and VRE nosocomial infection rate using VRE infection control strategies in ICU for the experimental group from September 2007 to April 2008. Before that, incidence of VRE acquisition and VRE nosocomial infection for the control group without Intervention were investigated from May to August 2007 retrospectively. Results: VRE acquisition rate in clinical specimens was 0.6% in the experimental group, that was significantly lower when compared to the control group. VRE carrier rate at admission to ICU was 15.4%. Out of 182 VRE carriers, 180 patients were identified by the active surveillance culture. Conclusion: These results suggested that active surveillance culture at admission was considered to be an essential measure for detection of VRE carrier. But without strict isolation and adherence rating after each intervention, hand washing and contact isolation alone did not significantly decrease VRE nosocomial infection, although it did significantly decrease incidence of VRE acquired from clinical specimen.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2010

BIn the present study, Enterococcus isolates originating from livestock were studied for the phenotypic and genotypic assessment of tetracycline resistance. A total of 74 isolates encompassing the species Enterococcus faecalis (n=12) and E. faecium (n=62) displayed phenotypic resistance to tetracycline. Tetracycline resistance gene [tet (M), 1,886bp] were sequenced by dye terminator cycle sequencing method and compared with tet (M) sequences available from the GenBank database. Sequencing analysis of PCR amplicons showed high homology to the reference strains ranging 97.2~100%. The tet (M) genes were divided into three major subgroups according to phylogenetic analysis. The genetic information obtained from this study could be useful for the molecular study of enterococci.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.520-525
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• 2023

This study aimed to detect Enterococcus spp. strain, a fecal contamination indicator, by PCR assay from short neck clams Venerupis philippinarum in Cheonsu Bay area, Chu Island area and Wonsan Island area, the west coast of Korea, from November 2022 to February 2023 of Enterococcus spp. strain was detected in 19 (79.2%) among 24 samples, and its concentration ranged from <18 to 33,000 MPN (most probable number)/100 g. The 269 isolated Enterococcus spp. strains were identified by PCR assay, and Enterococcus spp. distribution in short neck clams were E. faecium (39.8%), E. faecalis (23.0%), E. hirae (21.9%), E. gallinarum (10.4%), E. casseliflavus (1.5%), E. durans (1.5%) and unidentified strains (1.9%). Thus, E. faecium was the most dominant strain followed by E. faecalis. Overall, these results provide novel insight into the necessity for shellfish sanitation in the sea and could help reduce the fecal contamination risk.