• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.702-708
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• 2005

Cholesterol-lowering effect of pine nut on mice was investigated by examining changes in body weight, feed intake, and triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density liporotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) contents in mice plasma. Changes in body weight and feed intake between pre-designed experimental animal groups fed various contents of cholesterol and pine nut and control group fed basal diet were not significantly different. Food efficiency ratio of experimental groups fed higher than 10% pine nut was significantly higher than that of control group. Apparent differences in atherogenic index representing cholesterol-lowering effect in plasma were not found among all groups fed 0-20% pine nut. Inhibition activities of water and hexane extracts of pine nut on HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol esterase were examined in vitro. Hexane extract showed 66% inhibition effect on HMG-CoA reductase, whereas none was observed with water extract.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2019

This study investigated the effect of diet supplementation with pine cone extracts (pine cone ethanol extract: PCEE; pine cone ethanol-hexane extract: PCEHE) on growth performance, digestive organ characteristics and intestinal microbiota of semi-broiler. Twenty two-weeks-old semi-broilers were divided into four dietary groups (n=5/group; control(-): no antibiotics and pine cone extracts; control(+): 2% antibiotics [20 g/kg basal diet]; PCEE: 2% PCEE [20 g/kg basal diet]; PCEHE: 2% PCEHE [20 g/kg basal diet]). Chicks were reared and their diets were supplemented accordingly for 16 days. Final weight, weight gain and feed intake were lowest (P<0.05) in semi-broilers whose diet was supplemented with pine cone extracts, but both PCEE and PCEHE groups showed lower (P<0.05) feed conversion ratios compared to the control(-) group. Gizzard and small intestinal weight were also lower (P<0.05) in both PCEE and PCEHE groups than in the control(-) group. Intestinal length and villus height were similar for all treatments. Furthermore, cecal microbiota was not improved by PCEE and PCEHE supplementation. These findings suggest that diet supplementation with pine cone extracts improves the feed conversion ratio and affects the digestive organ weight of semi-broilers.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory and physicochemical properties of jatjook(rice gruel cooked with pinenut) containing various levels of pinenut. For this purpose, the various methods and recipe of Jatjook appeared in the literatures were evaluated to select the most preferable Jatjook. Chemical composition of Jatjook containing various levels of pinenut were 69.75∼83.04% of moisture, 2.25∼4.85% of crude protein, 1.77∼ 13.09% of crude fat, and 0.13∼0.51% of ash. C18-2,(linoleic acid) was the highest in the fatty acid contents of jatjook. Vitamin I contents of jatjook were 0.50∼3.50mg/100g. By the color difference meter, the values of L(lightness) and b(yellowness) were increased by increasing the amount of pinenuts, whereas the value of a(redness) showed negative value by increasing the amount of pinenut. Viscosity of Jatjook was decreased by increasing the amount of pinenut. As a result of the sensory evaluation fo. Jatjook made with various levels of pinenut, Jatjook having mixture ratio of 1 rice, 1 pinenut, and 5 water was the most preferable.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2021

Pine nuts are Korea's representative nut forest products and profitable crops. However, pine nuts are harvested by climbing the trees themselves, thus the risk is high. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to harvest pine nuts using a robot or an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV). In this paper, we propose a deep learning based detection method for harvesting pine nut in UAV aerial images. For this, a video was recorded in a real pine forest using UAV, and a data augmentation technique was used to supplement a small number of data. As the data for 3D detection, Unity3D was used to model the virtual pine nut and the virtual environment, and the labeling was acquired using the 3D transformation method of the coordinate system. Deep learning algorithms for detection of pine nuts distribution area and 2D and 3D detection of pine nuts objects were used DeepLabV3+, YOLOv4, and CenterNet, respectively. As a result of the experiment, the detection rate of pine nuts distribution area was 82.15%, the 2D detection rate was 86.93%, and the 3D detection rate was 59.45%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 1987

The seeds cf Pinus Koraiensis mere studied for their moisture, total lipids and ash contents and fatty acid composition. The seeds contained ca. 3.6% moisture, 70.4% purified total lipids and 2.5% ash. The proximate composition of the seeds was not influenced by the sampling rears (1984 and 1985). Twenty-one fatty acids ranged from myristic to arachidic acids were identified in the seed lipids. The seed lipids contained linoleic acid (47.9%), oleic acid (28.4%) and 5, 9, 12-18:3(11.1%) as major fatty acids and 5,9,12-18:3, 5,11-20:2 and 5,11,14-20:3 as 5-olefinic nonmethylene-interrupted polyenoic acids. The sampling Tears also had no effect on the fatty acid composition of the seed lipids.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 2014

Nutritional and functional components, such as approximate, and volatile flavor compounds, ergosterol and proximate analysis of artificially cultivated Neolentinus lepideus were analyzed. The common elements of N. lepideus were analyzed to have 6.3% crude ash, 19.1% crude protein, 1.9% crude fat, and 8.9% crude fiber, respectively. The volatile flavor compounds of N. lepideus were characterized as 3-Octanone, 3-Octanol and 1-Octanol. The ergosterol content of N. lepideus was shown to be 145.9 ppm.

• Landscaping Tree
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• s.119
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• pp.12-14
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• 2010

제주도, 완도 등 남부해안 지역의 표고 200~700m의 해변과 산록에서 자생하는 상록활엽교목으로 수고 15m, 직경 1m에 달하는 나무로 잎 표면은 녹색의 윤채가 있고, 뒷면은 연한 연갈색의 인모가 있어 관상학적으로 우수한 수종이다. 따라서 남해안 지역에서 가로수 및 정원수로 많은 사랑을 받고 있으며, 병해충에도 비교적 강한 수종으로 알려져 있다. 또한 가을과 겨울에는 혼자만이 꿋꿋이 녹색을 띠면서 적막한 해안도로의 거리를 조금이나마 부드럽고 훈훈하며 따뜻한 느낌을 주는 나무이다. 이러한 구실잣밤나무가 다량으로 식재된 까닭에 최근 구실잣밤나무를 가해하는 해충들이 많이 발생하여 방제에 도움을 주고자 주요해충에 대한 생태 및 방제법을 간략하게 소개하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2008

This study was carried out to offer a basis data for application of effective management through species composition and community structure of Castanopsis cuspidata var. thunbergii stands (Bijindo and Yokjido). The upper, middle and lower layer in Bijindo and Yokjido consisted of 10, 11 and 27 species, and 9, 6 and 28 species, respectively. The importance value of Castanopsis cuspidata var. thunbergii were highest in upper and middle layer both two studied site. The herbaceous species were 33 and 47 species in Bijindo and Yokjido, respectively. The species diversity ranged from 0.523 to 1.280 in Bijindo and 0.699 to 1.364 in Yokjido. Dominance in Bijindo and Yokjido were 0.477 and 0.242 at upper layer, 0.231 and 0.102 at middle layer, and 0.106 and 0.057 at lower layer, which showed that Castanopsis cuspidata var. thunbergii stands are dominated by a large number of species at all layer. The distribution pattern by Morisita's index showed that Castanopsis cuspidata var. thunbergii was distributed randomly in upper layer both the studied sites.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2007

To investigate the forest community structure ranging from 200 meters to 1,350 meters above sea level at Donnaeko valley of Mt. Hallasan in 2006, 15 plots were surveyed. According to the classification analysis by TWINSPAN, the plant communities were divided into five groups of Castanopsis sieboidii community, Castanopsis sieboldii - Quercus acuta community, mixed forest, Carpinus laxiflora - Quercus serrata community and deciduous broad-leaved forest. 22 species of evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Castanopsis sieboldii, Quercus acuta, Distylium racemosum, Camellia japonica, Eurya japonica, Ligustrum lucidum, Ilex crenata, Daphnipyllum macropodum, etc. were growing at Donnaeko valley. According to the attitudinal distribution of evergreen broad-leaved trees, Castanopsis sieboidii was a dominant species distributed from 200 meters to 350 meters above sea level, Castanopsis sieboldii and Quercus acuta were dominant species distributed from 400 meters to 600 meters above sea level and Quercus acuta was a dominant species distributed from 660 meters to 700 meters above sea level. Ilex crenata, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Elaeagnus glabra were distributed up to 1,350 meters above sea level in Donnaeko.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1342-1348
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• 2014

Seeds of Korean pine cone (Pinus koraiensis) have long been consumed as an edible food in countries located in North-East Asia, On the other hand, Korean pine cone, containing various polyphenols, is discarded as a useless garbage after removing seeds. This study investigated the lipolytic effects of pine cone extract in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Intracellular lipid accumulation was measured by Oil red O staining, free glycerol release by colorimetric reaction, and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism by real-time PCR. Compared to control, pine cone extract reduced intracellular lipid accumulation by 8.8% and increased free glycerol release by 8.2% a concentration of $5{\mu}g/mL$ in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. mRNA levels of fatty acid synthesis were not significantly different between control and pine cone extract, but mRNA levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) significantly increased by 38.7% and 94.1% at a concentration of $5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Thus, pine cone extract is suggested to have lipolytic effects through induction of LPL and HSL gene expression.