• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.219-225
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• 2007

This study was performed to provide basic ideas as understanding and application for oriental medicinal cuisine (Yak-Sun). To develop medicinal cuisine, it is necessary to grasp the theoretical system. And to develop medicinal cuisine for health enhancement, it is also required not only to consider constitutions but also to suggest the need of knowledge for moderation in terms of regimen along with the theory of oriental medicine. Also to develop medicinal cuisine according to the perspective of oriental medicinal theory, what should be taken into account is not only the understanding of the characteristics of food materials, but also the properties of them that the theory of oriental medicine. Lastly the scientific effect of the medicinal cuisine which is developed according to the oriental medicinal theory. And it is believed to De essential for the government to make effects to set a standard and laws to validate the medicinal effects and the process of assessment so that the systematic development can be encouraged, and to prepare guidance to food development for national health improvement. This research was planned and executed to evaluate how the composition of Yak-sun(oriental diet therapy) can effect health conditions of people who are suffering from diet-related diseases like cardiovascular related disease. by taking Yak-sun in a form of nutritional supplement with our daily meals. We produced Yak-sun tea with Mansam, Hwanggi, Tanggi and Paekchak and observed nutritional composition. We concluded that we could apply the components not only in a form of tea, but also in other forms of various food. The information we received from this conclusion will be a basic information on how we can apply oriental medicinal resources into other food and will also be a steppingstone for medicinal herbs to step foot in the field of functional food research, which already draws sizable attention world-wide.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-42
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• 1996

The Anyang-cheon is one of the Han River tributaries in Seoul Metropolitan area. It is 35.1km long, has a basin area of 287km2 and touches seven cities of Kyounggi Province and part of Seoul. The purpose of this study were 1) to reconstruct the ancient stream network and to investigate the change of landuse in Anyang-cheon watershed between 1957 and 1991,2) to measure the change of the hydrologic ¬acteristics with urbanization, 3) to suggest the institutional solutions to reduce natural hazard as the area has urbanizedThe main results are as follows: 1.Anyang-cheon river basin has experienced the rapid urbanization and industrialization since 1957. Anyang-cheon stream network was oversimplified in the watershed. The total stream length decreased atributaries in the upper part of river basin have eliminated or buried undergrolmd in pipes. 2.Urbanization impacted to all of the area of Anyang-cht'On watershed. Urbanization in Anyang-cheon watershed corresponds to the large portion of flat area, especially flood - prone zone of river side, and the small portion of Greenbelt to constrain urban expantion in cities. 3.The urbanization of Anyang-cheon watershed produces fundamental changes in watershed hydrology. As infiltration is reduced by the creation of extensive pavement, concrete surface, and sewer pipe, runoff moves more quickly from upland to stream. As a result, runoff from the watershed is flashier, increasing flood hazardAs urban area continue to grow we will need to better utilize stream by protecting and enhancing stream systems.otecting and enhancing stream systems.tems.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2018

Inflammatory response and oxidative stress play critical roles in the development and progression of many human diseases. Therefore, a great deal of attention has been focused on finding functional materials that can control inflammation and oxidative stress simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Socheongja and Socheong 2, Korean black seed coat soybean varieties, on the inflammatory and oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our data indicated that the extracts of Socheongja (SCJ) and Socheong 2 (SC2) significantly suppressed LPS-induced production of nitrite oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$, key pro-inflammatory mediators, by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. It was also found that SCJ and SC2 reduced the LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and $interleukin-1{\beta}$, which was concomitant with a decrease in the protein levels. In addition, SCJ and SC2 markedly diminished LPS-stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, and effectively enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. Furthermore, LPS-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was abrogated by SCJ and SC2. Taken together, these data suggest that SCJ and SC2 may offer protective roles against LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages through attenuating MAPKs pathway, and these effects are mediated, at least in part, through activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Given these results, we propose that SCJ and SC2 have therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory and oxidative disorders caused by over-activation of macrophages.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.6 s.77
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• pp.689-698
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• 1999

Although the purpose of orthodontic treatment is to increase the function and aesthetics of the jaws as well as to increase stability, there are side effects from the treatment itself such as root resorption and alveolar bone resorption. Such resoiption of the apical root is unpredictable and may even proceed into the dentin layer. Once the process has begun, it is irreversible. By evaluating the effects of different oral habits, especially that ef nail biting, and their correlation with the root and the periodontal tissues, the appropriate biomechanics for orthodontic treatment can be taken into consideration. The possibility of root resorption and alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment can also be considered. Also, any legal problems that might occur may be pondered as well. Among the male md female patients of the ages 10~15, 63 were chosen as the test group with known nail biting habits at time of examination and within the same age range those without nail biting habits as the control group. The test group was composed of 30 males and 33 females. The control group had 31 males and 32 females. The result from this study were as follows : 1. Of the 63 patients of both the test and control groups, the male-to-female-ratio was 1:1, and had no statistically significant difference in male and female root resorption. 2. In comparing crown length of the test and control groups, no significant difference existed, but in root length, maxillary and mandibular right and left central incisors and mandibular right lateral incisors had a smaller value. (p<0.001) 3. Average crown-to-root ratio of the test group on the periapical view show a noticeably high value for the maxillary and mandibular right and left central incisors and mandibular right and left lateral incisors. (p<0.01) 4. In comparing and evaluating the alveolar bone loss measured from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest, mesial surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular right and left central incisors and distal surface of maxillary right central incisor of the test group showed greater loss of crestal bone than the control. (p<0.05)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1554-1559
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of single and repeated oral administration of medicinal herbal mixture (AD) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Angelica decursiva, Lycium chinense and Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara were selected by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and mixed for AD mixture. In an oral glucose tolerance test, the AD inhibited the increase in blood glucose levels at 1 hr and 2 hr and decreased incremental glycemic response area under the curve. In a single administration of AD1 (100 mg/kg) and AD2 (500 mg/kg), significant reductions by 5.3% and 12.3% were observed in fasting blood glucose level for 4 hours. During the 1 month of the experimental period, AD1 and AD2 was given to the STZ induced diabetic rats. At 4th week, the fasting blood glucose levels of AD1 and AD2 caused a fall of 25.5% and 37.9%, respectively. In addition, the body weights were decreased by 7.7% (AD1) and 1.7% (AD2), respectively, compared with diabetic control (DC, decreasing of 10.2%). This study suggests that AD could be potentially useful for fasting and post-prandial hyperglycemia treatment and all these effects concluded to the use of this plant extract to manage diabetes mellitus.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2006

There is growing concern that dietary soy intake is associated with protection of breast cancer. However, questions persist on the potential adverse effects of the main soy constituent genistein(GS) on female reproductive physiology. In this study, we examined whether prepubertal exposure to GS affected on the onset of puberty and the associated reproductive parameters such as hormone receptor expressions in female rats. GS(100mg/kg/day) was administrated daily from postnatal day 25(PND 25) to the day when the first vaginal opening(VO) was observed, and the animals were sacrificed on the day after VO occurred. Gross anatomy and tissue weight were compared to test the GS's effect on the cell proliferation. Furthermore, histological studies were performed to assess the structural alterations in tissues. Specific radioimmunoassay(RIA) were carried out to measure serum LH levels. To determine the transcriptional changes in progesterone receptors(PR), total RNAs were extracted from ovary and uterus and were applied to semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). As a results, advanced VO was shown in the GS group(PND $31.2{\pm}0.6$) compared to the vehicle group (PND $35.3{\pm}0.7$). GS treatment significantly increased wet weight of ovaries and uteri compared to the vehicle group. Increased serum LH levels were also shown in the GS group. Graafian follicles and corpora lutea(CL) were observed only in the ovaries from GS treated animals. Similarly, hypertrophy of luminal and glandular uterine epithelium were found only in the GS group. Collectively, these effects were probably due to the estrogenic effects of GS. In the semi-quantitative RT-PCR studies, the transcriptional activities of PR in both ovary and uterus from GS-treated group were significantly higher than those from the vehicle group. The present studies demonstrated that acute exposure to GS, at levels comparable to the ranges of human exposure, during the critical period of prepubertal stage activates the reproductive system resulting precocious puberty in immature female rats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.588-592
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• 2007

In this study, we evaluated the recovery effects of dietary fiber extracted from soybean hulls on diarrhea in rats. Diarrhea-induced Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided randomly into 4 groups and fed experimental diets for 24 hours. The diets, based on the AIN93G diet, were as follows: CON (control diet), S-COTL (67.2 g/kg soybean cotyledon fiber diet), S-HULL (59.6g/kg soybean hull fiber diet), CHI (55.6g/kg chicory fiber diet). The results showed significant (10-20%) reductions of fecal water content in the CON and S-HULL groups, as compared to the S-COTL and CHI groups. The change in serum osmolality, a measure of dehydration symptoms, was significantly reduced in CON and S-HULL as compared to the S-COTL and CHI groups. Based on the results, it is suggested that soybean hull fiber functions well for diarrhea recovery in rats. Consequently, soybean hull fiber is an important food source that could be used as a medical food in patients suffering from diarrhea.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.515-523
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• 2013

The eastern coast of South Korea is expected to be damaged by volcanic ash when Mt. Baekdusan volcano erupts. Even if the amount of volcanic ash is small, it can be fatal on the agricultural sector withering many plants and causing soil acidification. Thus, in this paper, we aim to estimate agricultural losses caused by the volcanic ash and to visualize them with Google map. To estimate the volcanic ash losses, a damage assessment model is needed. As the volcanic ash hazard depends on the kind of a crops and the ash thickness, the fragility function of damage assessment model should represent the relation between ash thickness and damage rate of crops. Thus, we model the fragility function using the damage rate for each crop of RiskScape. The volcanic ash losses can be calculated with the agricultural output and the price of each crop using the fragility function. This paper also represents the estimated result of the losses in Gangwon province, which is most likely to get damaged by volcanic ashes in Korea. According to the result with gross agricultural output of Gangwon province in 2010, the amount of volcanic ash losses runs nearly 635,124 million wons in Korean currency if volcanic ash is accumulated over four millimeters. This amount represents about 50% of the gross agricultural output of Gangwon province. We consider the damage only for the crops in this paper. However, a volcanic ash fall has the potential to damage the assets for a farm, including the soil fertility and installations. Thus, to estimate the total amount of volcanic ash damage for the whole agricultural sectors, these collateral damages should also be considered.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.525-536
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• 2014

In this study, a method to assess and monitor hydrological drought using remote sensing was investigated for use in regions with limited observation data, and was applied to the Upper Namhangang basin in South Korea, which was seriously affected by the 2008-2009 drought. Drought information may be obtained more easily from meteorological data based on water balance than hydrological data that are hard to estimate. Air temperature data at 2 m above ground level (AGL) were estimated using remotely sensed data, evapotranspiration was estimated from the air temperature, and the correlations between precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P-PET) and streamflow percentiles were examined. Land Surface Temperature data with $1{\times}1km$ spatial resolution as well as Atmospheric Profile data with $5{\times}5km$ spatial resolution from MODIS sensor on board Aqua satellite were used to estimate monthly maximum and minimum air temperature in South Korea. Evapotranspiration was estimated from the maximum and minimum air temperature using the Hargreaves method and the estimates were compared to existing data of the University of Montana based on Penman-Monteith method showing smaller coefficient of determination values but smaller error values. Precipitation was obtained from TRMM monthly rainfall data, and the correlations of 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month P-PET percentiles with streamflow percentiles were analyzed for the Upper Namhan-gang basin in South Korea. The 1-month P-PET percentile during JJA (r = 0.89, tau = 0.71) and SON (r = 0.63, tau = 0.47) in the Upper Namhan-gang basin are highly correlated with the streamflow percentile with 95% confidence level. Since the effect of precipitation in the basin is especially high, the correlation between evapotranspiration percentile and streamflow percentile is positive. These results indicate that remote sensing-based P-PET estimates can be used for the assessment and monitoring of hydrological drought. The high spatial resolution estimates can be used in the decision-making process to minimize the adverse impacts of hydrological drought and to establish differentiated measures coping with drought.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 1974

Many of studies on the transovarial transmission of occult virus and their activation due to various stresses such as cold or heat treatment, chemical feeding, and nutritional deficiency, etc., in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. have been made, but any attempts have been not made to control virus diseases by detection of the occult virus-carried moths in the production of silkworm egg of hybrids, because of difficulty to detect occult virus in any stage. Therefore, it may be worth while to disclose whether a sublethal infection of the moths from which active virus are detectable, has the same level of induction rate as that of occult virus activation, thus to apply its results for the reduction of the occurence of virus diseases in silkworm rearing. For these purposes, the following experiment was conducted as one of preliminary steps. In this study, investigations on the generation-to-generation transmission of occult virus and a sublethal infection, and the role of chromosomal gene of the host, Jam 103 and Jam 104 in the Previous generation, and Jam 103 x Jam 103 and Jam 104 f Jam 104 in the next generation were made for the induction of virus diseases due to the transmitted virus. The frequency of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis due to the induction in the F$_1$ generation was markedly higher in the cross-batches, male$\times$female and male$\times$female in which inoculated individuals were used as fem ale parents than in the cross-batches, male$\times$female and male$\times$female in which virus has been not inoculated or inoculated only to male in the previous generation. The tendency of increasing rate was observed in any treatments; such as the inoculations of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (10$\^$5/, 10$\^$6/ 10$\^$7, and 10$\^$8//ml ill different concentration of inocula) , cold-treatment (5$^{\circ}C$, 12hrs or 24hrs), and formalin-feeding treatment (2％ or 3％). The shape of polyhedra (tetragonal in outline) examined in the F, larvae was identified as that of the inoculated polyhedra with partial application of immunofluorescent techniques. These results suggests that the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus in B. meri L. are transmitted to the next generation through the egg, apparently in the occult state. And the experimental results of various cross-batches revealed the egg cytoplasm plays an important part i the transmission of the occult virus of the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,