• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.704-709
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• 2003

A few commonly used correlation equations of the enthalpy of vaporization are reviewed and a new three-parameter correlation equation is proposed. Performance of the proposed equation is examined using the data listed in the ASHRAE table for 22 pure substance refrigerants. The new equation yields an average absolute deviation of 0.14% for 22 refrigerants, which is better than those of other equations, such as Xiang (0.18%), Major-Svoboda-Pick (0.18%), and Somayajulu equation (0.23%).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4052-4056
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• 2014

These days, household condensing gas boilers are an obligatory trend. The use of environmentally-friendly boilers that emit less pollutant, such as CO and NOx, are strongly recommended. In this paper, heat flow analysis of the additional inner groove in the tube of the secondary latent heat exchanger was studied to increase the efficiency. A 20% difference in the heat transfer area was obtained with the addition of an inner grove, which showed an increase in the amount of heat transferred. This was confirmed using three-dimensional numerical analysis. With the addition of an inner groove, the exit temperature increased by $1^{\circ}C$. This increase in exit temperature was considered to be a substantial increase in the efficiency of the condensing gas boiler.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.521-528
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• 2011

Recently, environmental concerns and issues have become great concerns for the public. Therefore, this study is conducted with the objective of preventing energy depletion and $CO_2$ emission. PCM (Phase Change Materials) having latent heat characteristic is mixed in mortar to find a proper mix proportion. Also, the mortar properties and performances as well as a melting point of PCM when applied to air conditioning and heating conditions in at building environments were obtained by performing experiments. Also, latent heat and heat transfer characteristics were obtained from experiments by test of thermal performance to formulate temperature gradient about amount of heat transfer of PCM content using the Fourier's thermal equation. The study results can be used in the application of PCM in buildings and expected effect of air conditioning and heating energy.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2471-2475
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• 2007

Clathrate compound is the material that host in hydrogen bond forms cage and guest is included into it and combined. Crystallization of hydrate is generated at higher temperature than that of ice from pure water. And physical properties according to temperature are stable and congruent melting phenomenon is occurred without phase separation. But clathrate compound still had supercooling problem occurred in the course of phase change and supercooling should be minimized because it affects efficiency of equipment very much. Therefore, various studies on additives to restrain this or heat storage methods are needed. In this study was investigated the cooling characteristics of the TMA-water clathrate compound including TMA (Tri-methyl-amine, $(CH_3)_3N)$ of 20${\sim}$25 wt% as a low temperature latent heat storage material. And ethanol$(CH_3CH_2OH)$ was added and its cooling characteristics were studied experimentally to restrain supercooling of TMA-water clathrate compound.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.226-231
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to propose the experimental method of thermal properties of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) by using T-history method. As far, in order to measure the heat of fusion and specific heat of PCMs, conventional thermal analysis methods such as DSC and DTA have been used. Because these methods test very small samples, thermal properties of samples are usually different from those of materials consisting of several components. For these reasons, T-history method, the simple measurement method of the heat of fusion and specific heat of PCMs have been performed. In this paper, we investigated the thermal properties of low temperature PCMs(below $0^{\circ}C$) under the charging process by using T-history method. The results are compared to those of DSC method. The T-history method will be useful for selection of the best PCM from lots of candidates and development of new PCMs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.77-82
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• 1998

현재 온실 난방에 주로 이용되고 있는 난방기는 대부분이 화석에너지를 연료로 사용하고 있다. 따라서 생산비의 가중이 불가피하며, 또한 연소 과정에서 발생하는 배기 가스로 인하여 환경 오염이 문제시되고 있다. 따라서 태양에너지를 보다 더 적극적으로 활용할 수 있는 기술의 개발이 요구된다. 태양에너지를 시설 농업에 적극적으로 이용하기 위해서는 주간에 밀도가 낮은 태양에너지를 고밀도로 축열하여 기온이 급강하하는 야간의 보온에 활용하여야 한다. 주간의 온실내 잉여 태양에너지를 축열할수 있는 상변화 온도 3$0^{\circ}C$ 수준의 잠열축열재를 개발하기 위하여 수행한 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. SCD에 Borax를 0.0~5.0wt% 첨가하여 과냉도를 25.$0^{\circ}C$에서 $1.5^{\circ}C$ 이하로 조절하였으며, Borax의 적정 함량은 3.0wt%였다. 2. SCD에 Carbopol을 0.0~3.0wt% 첨가하여 상분리량을 70.0%에서 0.0%로 조절하였으며, Carbopol의 적정 함량은 1.5wt%였다.3. 축열재 내구성 검증을 위하여 0~1,500회의 상변화 사이클을 수행하였다. 이때 상변화 온도의 변화량이 $\pm$1.$0^{\circ}C$ 이하, 잠열량 변화가 $\pm$2.0 kacl/kg 이하로서 안정된 값을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 축열재의 수명을 10년까지는 보장할 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2005

When test tubes for PCM with melting point lower than a room temperature are installed vertically as the T-history method proposes, there exists a temperature distribution in the longitudinal direction by natural convection, which lowers the precision of measured heat-of-fusion. The purpose of the present work is to improve the precision by arranging the test tubes horizontally, while maintaining the simplicity and convenience. Assuming that the amount of heat transfer is very small through the vapor space formed in the upper part of the tubes by volumetric change, the obtained value by the T-history method using the latent heat period bounded by two inflection points is in good agreement with that of the literature. Also, the scattering of measured values by the proposed method decreases markedly compared to that of vertical positioning.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.352-359
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• 2003

The present study has been conducted for manufacturing MPCM (microencapsulated phase change material) slurry with in-situ polymerization and proving their applicabilities for tooling system. The surface of MPCM is composed of melamine, while tetradecane, paraffin wax, is centered in the MPCM. The produced capsules are observed by the optical microscope and SEM for superficial shapes. Their thermal properties are measured by DSC. Their size distributions are observed by FA particle analyzer. A narrow size distribution from 1 to 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ with 5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of average diameter was observed. Melting temperature was 6.7$^{\circ}C$. The durability of MPCM was tested with various types of pump such as centrifugal, peristaltic, and mono pumps. During 10000 cycles the fraction of broken capsules was smaller than 6% for the centrifugal and peristaltic pumps, while bigger value of 8% for the mono pump. A cooling system, which adopted MPCM slurry as a media for transporting cold thermal energy, was designed to investigate the performance of the MPCM. The discharging times of 10 and 20 wt% MPCM slurry were lasted up to 105 and 285 minutes longer, respectively, than the water cooling system.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2001

The heat transfer experiment in a latent heat storage tank as a solar energy storage system for the hot water supply was carried out. The latent heat storage tank was consisted of triple - tube type ; Outer shell for hot water from solar collector, PCM storage vessel in the middle of the tank and inside tube for hot water recovery. The heat storage tank has the dimension of 60 cm long and 34 cm outside diameter. Paraffin wax(m.p = 55.4C) and sodium acetate trihydrate(m.p = 58 C) were employed as the PCM this study. Experimental variables were inlet temperature and flow rate of the hot water for heat storage stage and cold water for heat recovery stage. Temperature profiles, heat transfer coefficient and the efficiency of heat storage$(Q/Q_{max})$ and heat recovery $(Q/Q_{max})$ were determined for the paraffin wax and inorganic salt respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2001

The heat transfer experiment in a pilot scale latent heat storage tank as a solar energy storage system for the hot water supply was carried out. The latent heat storage tank was consisted of three parts; Outer shell for hot water from solar collector, PCM storage vessel in the middle of the tank and immersed coil in the PCM vessel for hot water recovery. The heat storage tank has the dimension of 115 cm in height and 32 cm outside diameter. Paraffin wax (m.p = 55.4C) and sodium acetate trihydrate (m.p = 58 C) were employed as the PCM this study. Experimental variables were inlet temperature and flow rate of the hot water for heat storage stage and cold water for heat recovery stage. Temperature profiles, heat transfer coefficient and the efficiency of heat storage $(Q/Q_{max})$ and heat recovery $(Q/Q_{max})$ were determined for the paraffin wax and inorganic salt respectively.